The Aesthetic Evaluation of Coastal Landscape

김남형,강향혜 대한토목학회 2009 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.13 No.2

The evaluation of coastal landscape is absolutely necessary when coastal zone is managed or coastal space is newly created. However, research on coastal landscape is rare and no guidelines exist for coastal landscape planning and management. This paper therefore aims to present techniques for evaluating coastal landscape from the visual perception opinions of respondents through questionnaire survey and multivariate analysis. The questionnaire is evaluated by the 5-point scale of Semantic Differential (SD) method. With Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the following four principal components are extracted and named as principal component loadings: harmony, safety, rurality, and spatiality. All beaches are classified into the 4 groups by cluster analysis. By plotting scores of their principal components in a 2-dimensional semantic space, the aesthetic characteristics of coastal landscape are clarified for every beach. To clarify the interaction between the principal component scores and the SD scores of preference items, multiple regression analysis is performed. Therefore, the relationship between principal components and the preference trends of coastal landscape will be ascertained. If citizen’s universal perceptions about favorite coastal landscape are understood and their needs are considered in the design and building up of coastal structure or space, more visitors will experience enjoyment, comfort and convenience. The evaluation of coastal landscape is absolutely necessary when coastal zone is managed or coastal space is newly created. However, research on coastal landscape is rare and no guidelines exist for coastal landscape planning and management. This paper therefore aims to present techniques for evaluating coastal landscape from the visual perception opinions of respondents through questionnaire survey and multivariate analysis. The questionnaire is evaluated by the 5-point scale of Semantic Differential (SD) method. With Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the following four principal components are extracted and named as principal component loadings: harmony, safety, rurality, and spatiality. All beaches are classified into the 4 groups by cluster analysis. By plotting scores of their principal components in a 2-dimensional semantic space, the aesthetic characteristics of coastal landscape are clarified for every beach. To clarify the interaction between the principal component scores and the SD scores of preference items, multiple regression analysis is performed. Therefore, the relationship between principal components and the preference trends of coastal landscape will be ascertained. If citizen’s universal perceptions about favorite coastal landscape are understood and their needs are considered in the design and building up of coastal structure or space, more visitors will experience enjoyment, comfort and convenience.

빅데이터를 활용한 섬 관광지의 경관 특성 분석 -신안군 박지 · 반월도를 대상으로-

도지윤,서주환 한국조경학회 2021 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.49 No.2

This study aimed to identify the landscape perception and landscape characteristics of users by utilizing SNS data generated by their experiences. Therefore, how to recognize the main places and scenery appearing on the island, and what are the characteristics of the main scenery were analyzed using online text data and photo data. Text data are text mining and network structural analysis, while photographic data are landscape identification models and color analysis. As a result of the study, First, as a result of frequency analysis of Bakji․Banwol-do topics, we were able to derive keywords for local landscapes such as 'Purple Bridge', 'Doori Village', and location, behavior, and landscape images by analyzing them simultaneously. Second, the network structure analysis showed that the connection between key and undrawn keywords could be more specifically analyzed, indicating that creating landscapes using colors is affecting regional activation. Third, after analyzing the landscape identification model, it was found that artificial elements would be excluded to create preferred landscapes using the main targets of "Purple Bridge" and "Doori Village", and that it would be effective to set a view point of the sea and sky. Fourth, Bakji․Banwol-do were the first islands to be created under the theme of color, and the colors used in artificial facilities were similar to the surrounding environment, and were harmonized with contrasting lighting and saturation values. This study used online data uploaded directly by visitors in the landscape field to identify users' perceptions and objects of the landscape. Furthermore, the use of both text and photographic data to identify landscape recognition and characteristics is significant in that they can specifically identify which landscape and resources they prefer and perceive. In addition, the use of quantitative big data analysis and qualitative landscape identification models in identifying visitors' perceptions of local landscapes will help them understand the landscape more specifically through discussions based on results. 본 연구는 사용자의 경험에 의해 생성된 SNS 데이터를 활용하여 이용자의 경관 인식과 경관 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이에 섬에서 나타나는 주요 장소와 경관은 어떻게 인지하고 있는지, 주요 경관 특성은 무엇인지 온라인상의 텍스트 데이터와 사진 데이터를 활용하여 분석하였다. 텍스트 데이터는 텍스트마이닝과 네트워크 구조분석을 시행하였으며, 사진 데이터는 경관파악모델과 색채분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 첫째, 박지․반월도 주제어의 빈도분석 결과, 지역 경관 대상 키워드인 ‘퍼플교’, ‘두리마을’과 장소, 행태, 경관 이미지 키워드를 도출할 수 있었으며, 이 중 경관 이미지는 감성분석을 동시해 수행함으로써 긍정의 키워드와 함께 도출하여 경관 대상 및 인식을 파악할 수 있었다. 둘째, 네트워크 구조 분석 결과, 주요 키워드와 도출되지 않은 키워드간의 연결을 보다 구체적으로 분석할 수 있어 색채를 활용한 경관 조성이 지역 활성화에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 경관파악모델을 활용하여 분석한 결과, 주대상인 ‘퍼플교’, ‘두리마을’을 활용한 선호 경관을 조성하기 위해선 인공요소가 배제되고, 원경으로 대상장인 바다와 하늘이 보이는 조망점을 설정하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 파악되었다. 넷째, 박지․반월도는 색채를 테마로 하여 조성한 최초의 섬으로 인공시설물에 사용된 색채는 주변 환경과 유사한 색채 계열, 상반되는 명도, 채도 값으로 주변 환경과 조화를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 경관분야에서 방문객이 직접 업로드한 온라인 데이터를 활용하여 이용자의 인식과 경관 대상을 파악하였다. 또한, 텍스트 및 사진 데이터를 모두 활용하여 경관 인식 및 특성을 파악한 것은 어떤 경관과 자원을 선호하고 인지하고 있는지 구체적으로 파악할 수 있다는 점에서 큰 의의가 있다. 또한, 지역의 경관에 대해 방문객의 인식을 파악함에 있어 정량적인 빅데이터 분석 방법과 정성적인 경관파악모델을 활용함은 대규모 이용자의 인식을 파악하고, 결과를 바탕으로 이루어지는 논의를 통해 경관을 보다 구체적으로 이해할 수 있을 것이다.

1970년대 이후 한국 경관연구의 경향 분석 ― 경관의 의미연결망 분석을 중심으로

권윤구 ( Kwon Yoon-ku ),조우현 ( Cho Woo-hyun ),윤희재 ( Yun Hui-jae ),박종준 ( Park Jong-jun ),임승빈 ( Im Seung-bin ) 한국경관학회 2011 한국경관학회지 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구는 21세기 도시를 바라보는 패러다임의 변화와 함께 '경관'을 도시의 이미지를 형성시키고 애착심을 고취시킬 수 있는 주요한 요소로서 고려되고, 시각적인 측면뿐만 아니라 생태적, 토지공간적인 측면 등의 다의적인 의미를 지니고 있는 개념으로 확산되고 있는 현 시점에서 국내 경관연구가 시작되었던 1970년대부터 현재까지 '경관'이 지니고 있는 의미의 변화를 파악하기 위하여 진행되었다. 분석 자료는 한국학술연구정보서비스에서 국내학술관련 자료를 중심으로 '경관(景觀)'을 키워드로 검색하였다. 구체적인 분석방법으로는 빈도 분석, 공출현 매트릭스 작성, 의미연결망 분석 등의 방법이 사용되었다. 분석 결과, 1970년대부터 2010년대(2010~2011)까지 시대별로 의미연결망을 도출하였으며, 각 시대별 의미연결망 결과는 당시의 시대적 상황을 반영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 그동안 대부분의 연구가 도시를 대상으로 시각적 경관을 위주로 연구가 진행되었다는 한계점을 지니고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 이는 향후 환경 및 생태 등의 인접 분야와의 학술적 관계를 원활히 하여 이 시대의 경관담론들에도 시야를 넓힐 수 있는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. In 21 century, landscape has been coming up for things significantly to form the image of the city and inspire attachment along with the perspective of paradigm of city's has changed. At this point in time, concepts of landscape have carried diverse meanings such as ecological, land-spatial moreover visual landscape. The purpose of this research is to understand the alteration of meaning of landscape since 1970's when begins the research of the landscape. Analysis Data, contains landscape as a key word with domestic scholarship as the center, was searched from Korea Education & Research Information Service (KERIS). Frequency analysis, co-occurrence matrix analysis and semantic analysis were used to draw a conclusion. Periodic semantic analysis results deduct a conclusion since 1970's to 2010's (2010~2011) through analytical researches. The results of each periodical semantic analysis reflected the circumstances each of that period. Meanwhile, most of research of the landscape was focused on urban and visual landscape. And this situation work on the critical point of the research of the landscape. These kinds of problems should be resolved through interdisciplinary research as an Environment and Ecology. And then discussion of the landscape should be expands.

텍스트 마이닝 분석을 통한 조경시공 연구경향 분석

석영선,반권수 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2022 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.16 No.3

This study aimed to derive research trends related to the landscape construction field from various academic journals published in Korea from 1980 to 2022 by using text mining techniques. Research trends were analyzed through VOSviewer, the big data analysis program, and focused on keywords for landscape construction. As a result, first, a total of 226 research papers related to landscape construction showed a gradual increase by an average annual average of 5.8. This is caused by the increase landscaping- related various academic journals since the 1980s, and the increase in research opportunities on landscape construction, methods of construction, and materials due to the expansion of the landscape industry. Second, as a result of analyzing co-occurrence keywords related to landscape construction, it appeared in the order of Plant, Management, Improvement, Species, etc. In addition, as a result of network analysis, it was classified into four research clusters: (1) Post-management and Function improvement, (2) Plant and Plant growth environment, (3) Space and Usability, and (4) Constructability and Economy. Third, as a result of analyzing the field of landscape construction based on the passage of time, the research trend of the field of landscape construction tends to embrace various topics. However, in the future, research on landscaping construction and maintenance smart technology in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, as well as the development of materials and construction methods considering climate change, will be more necessary. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the research trend related to the landscape construction field in detail through bibliographic analysis for the first time in Korea. In addition, it is meaningful as fundamental data for deriving the developmental research direction in the landscape construction field in consideration of the social paradigm and technological trends changing in the landscape architecture industry. 본 연구는 1980년부터 2022년까지 국내에서 출판된 조경 시공 분야 관련 논문들을 대상으로 텍스트 마이닝 기반의 핵심 단어 분석 프로그램인 VOSviewer를 이용하여 연구 경향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, ‘조경 시공’과 관련된 연구논문은 총 226편이며, 연평균 5.8편이 발표되었다. 이는 1980년대 이후 조경학 관련 학회 수의 증가 및 다양화, 조경 산업 확대에 따른 조경시 공, 공법, 재료 등의 연구 기회와 필요성 증가 등에 따라 점진적으로 증가하는 경향을 보인 것으로 사료된다. 둘째, 조경 시공과 관련된 동시 출현 빈도가 높은 핵심 단어를 분석한 결과, Plant, Management, Improvement, Species 등의 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 연관성이 높은 핵심 단어 간의 네트워크를 분석한 결과, ‘사후관리, 기능개선’, ‘식생, 생육환경’, ‘공간, 이용성’, ‘시공성, 경제성’ 등 4개 주제로 연구 영역이 분류되었다. 셋째, ‘조경시공’과 관련된 주요 연구영역별로 시간의 흐름에 기반하여 연구 경향 변화를 분석한 결과, 시대 변화에 따라 점차 다양한 주제를 포용하는 경향을 보였으나, 4차 산업혁명 시대에 걸맞도록 첨단 스마트 기술을 접목한 조경 시공·유지관리 기술 및 기후변화를 고려한 소재, 공법 개발 등에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 조경 시공 분야에 대해 국내에서 최초로 빅데이터 기반의 서지 분석을 통해 연구 경향을 분석하였다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 조경 산업의 사회적 패러다임과 기술 트랜드 변화 추이를 고려하여 조경 시공 분야의 발전적인 연구방향 도출을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

산림경관의 시각적 평가를 위한 입체가중치분석 기법 개발

최재혁,이시영,윤희재,김대수,김양근 한국경관학회 2024 한국경관학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 산림경관의 시각적 가치의 특징인 상대성을 평가하기 위한 분석방법을 개발하고자한다. 이를 위해 정량적 조사방법을 사용하여 과학적이며 객관적인 산림경관의 시각적 평가지표를 제안하고자 대상지를 선정하고 산림경관에 대한 시각적 경관자원을 GIS 데이터를 이용하여입체가중치분석방법을 적용하였다. 시각적 경관자원에 대하여 경관계획상 설정된 조망점에서 가시권분석을 통한 능선분할을 하고, 분할된 능선 구분을 통하여 1등급, 2등급 능선을 선정하여 산림경관의 상대적 가치를 평가하였으며, 세종시, 청주시, 대전시를 대상으로 한 분석결과 도시 인접 산림지역의 상대적 가치가 높게나타났다. GIS 분석결과에 대한 현장조사를 통해 비교 검토함으로써 입체가중치 분석이 조망위치에 따라능선의 구분이 가능한지 검증하였으며 경관녹지축으로서 1, 2차 능선의 위계가 형성되어짐을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 입체가중치 분석 방법을 적용한 결과는 기존의 산림경관 평가방법에 비해실제 조망점에서 가시되는 권역에 높은 가치를 부여하고 경관계획에서 정한 조망점들에서 더 많이 조망되는 산림경관의 시각적 가치를 정량적으로 산출 할 수 있는 장점을 가지는 것으로 검증되어 향후 산림경관의 시각적 가치 분석에 새로운 방법으로 적용될 가치가 충분하다고 하겠다. This study aims to develop an analysis method to evaluate relativity, a characteristic of forest landscapes’ visual value. To this end, target sites were selected using a quantitative survey method to propose a visual evaluation index for a scientific and objective forest landscape, and the stereoscopic weighted analysis method was applied to the visual landscape resources of the forest landscape using GIS data. The relative value of forest landscapes was evaluated by dividing ridges through visibility analysis at the viewing points set in the landscape plan and by selecting first- and second-grade ridges through the division of ridges. The relative value of the forest landscape adjacent to the city was high. A field survey of the GIS analysis results verified whether the stereoscopic weighted analysis could calculate the relative valuation of the forest landscape according to the viewing position. The hierarchy of the primary and secondary ridges was formed and confirmed as the landscape green axis. The results of applying the stereoscopic weighted analysis method developed in this study show that compared to the existing forest landscape evaluation method, it has the advantage of giving a high value to the area visible from the actual viewpoints and quantitatively calculating the visual value of the forest landscape that is viewed more from the viewpoints set by the landscape plan.

「면앙집」 分析을 통한 면앙정 景觀에 關한 硏究

문영숙,김용기 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The landscape has precious values as the historic relic because the landscape is related to the age and the historic background. In this study, it is the purpose to figure out the landscape of the Myunangjung(免仰亭) at that time. Therefore the characteristics of the landscape are analyzed through the investigation of the 「Myunang-jip」(免仰集) and then the way how Song-Sun(宋純) and his friends had cognized of the landscape and took into the landscape is analyzed. First of all, the outline, the scenery, the seasonal change and the behavior of the Myunangjung are classified through the contents of poetry and prose in the Mynangjung-ga(免仰亭歌) and Myunangjung-gi(免仰亭記). The elements of the landscape are classified through the Myunangjung-samsibyung(免仰亭三十詠), Myunangjung-bu(免仰亭賦) and Myunangjung-won(免仰亭韻). Nest, through the poetry and prose in the Myunangjung the landscape of the poetry and prose is compared with the real landscape in order to grasp the landscape of the Myunangjung. There are the results of analysis of the landscape through the poetry and prose, analysis the elements of the landscape and comparison with the landscape of the poetry and prose and the real landscape. First, Myunangjung has the magnificent outline from Mudngsan(無等山), the root of Jewul-bong(霽月峰), and forms the Utopia for only Song sun. Second, the elements in the poetry of the Myunangjung-samsibyuong, Myunangjung-bu and Myunangjung-woon are classifield into natural elements, artificial elements, time, sensation, color and name of a place. In the results, the natural element is 57.3%, the artificial element is 22.8%, the time is 7.6%, the sensation is 6.1%, the color is 3.8% and the name of a place is 2.5%. Third, the bearing direction of southern east is different from the viewing direction of northen east. In the case of distant view, even though the real name is commended the behavior at the place or the change of landscape is represented as the invisible landscape, to say mental image.

도시경관분석을 위한 경관형용사 목록 작성

주신하,임승빈 한국조경학회 2003 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this study is to categorize a landscape adjective list for urban landscape analysis. For this purpose, four methods are used. The first method is to survey the foreign landscape adjective lists such as Feimer's EACL & LACL, VRM suggested vocabulary, and IEA and LI's aesthetic factors, which are commonly used in domestic research. The second method is to analyze vocabulary in Korean linguistic textbook the third is to investigate Korean adjective lists from 36 domestic research. The last is to survey adjectives used to express the urban landscapes. 24 landscapes from BunDdang, GwaCheon, YakSoo and ApGuJeong were presented to 40 subjects, whose responses were collected and categorized. The frequency analysis of the adjectives and landscape factors were processed by SJTOOL, which was programmed for Korean vocabulary analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Foreign adjective lists were mainly focused on the physical features of landscapes and they also had linguistic problems caused by the translations. Therefore, it is undesirable to use the foreign adjective list directly to analyze Korean urban landscapes. The vocabulary from the linguistic textbook has more variety, but it includes many adjectives irrelevant to the urban landscape. More types of adjectives were used in the researches(890 adjectives/295 types), compared with the result of response survey(1,406 adjectives/270 types). Because some adjectives were partly confusing, it is desirable to categorize the adjectives. The categorized adjectives could therefore be more useful and practical for urban landscape analysis.

개발사업의 경관영향 검토를 위한 주요 조망점선정 방법에 관한 연구

신지훈,신민지,최원빈 한국조경학회 2018 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.46 No.1

The Natural Landscape Rating System was introduced in the amendment of the NATURAL ENVIRONMENTCONSERVATION ACT in 2006. For landscape preservation, the system aims to consider the effects of development projectsor plans implemented in a natural landscape on skylines, scenic resources, and view corridors. Currently, a lack of consistencyin standards for determining Landscape Control Points (LCP) to assess landscape impact lowers the accuracy and reliabilityof the assessment results. As the perception of and the impact on a landscape varies, depending on the location of theLCP, it is necessary to establish a reasonable set of criteria to select viewpoints and avoid unreliability in the assessmentdue to unclear criteria. The intent of this study is to propose an objective and reasonable set of criteria for LCP selectionto effectively measure the impact on the landscape from development projects that anticipate a change in the landscapeand, ultimately, to suggest basic analysis methods to assess the landscape impact of development projects and to monitorthe landscape in the future. Among the development projects affecting natural landscapes, as reported in the statementof the environmental impact assessment, cases of construction of a single building or other small-scale development projectswere studied. Four spot development projects were analyzed in depth for their landscape impacts, in order to makerecommendations for the LCP selection procedure, which aims to widen the scope of selection according to the directionof viewpoints from the target site. The existing results of analysis based on LCP have limitations because they failed tocover the viewshed of the target buildings when there are topographical changes in the surroundings. As a solution tothis problem, a new viewshed analysis method has been proposed, with a focus on the development site and target buildings,rather than viewpoints, as used in past analysis. 2006년 자연환경보전법 개정에 따라 자연경관심의 제도가 도입되었다. 자연경관심의제도는 자연경관 내 개발사업및 개발계획 시행 시 사업의 규모와 형태 배치로 인한 스카이라인과 경관보전, 경관자원, 조망축 등의 항목을 검토하는제도이다. 그러나 경관영향평가를 위한 조망점의 선정은 모든 평가마다 기준의 일관성이 미흡하여 영향 평가 결과의정확도와 신뢰도가 크게 저하되고 있는 실정이다. 이처럼 조망점의 위치에 따라 지각되는 경관의 모습이 현저하게 변화하게 되고, 불명확한 선정기준은 경관영향평가 결과에도 시각적 영향이 과소평가되므로 합리적인 선정기준이 필요하다. 본 연구는 개발사업 진행으로 인한 경관 변화가 예상될 때 경관영향을 평가하기 위한 객관적이고 합리적인 조망점 선정기준을 제시하고, 궁극적으로는 개발사업에 대한 경관영향 검토 및 향후 경관 모니터링을 위한 기초적인 분석방법을제시하는데 목적을 갖고 있다. 환경영향평가서의 자연경관 내 시행되는 개발사업 중 단일건축물 및 소규모 개발을 하는사례를 조사하고, 그 중 점적 개발사업 4곳을 대상으로 경관영향평가 부분을 분석하여 주요 조망점 선정과정에 대해제안하였다. 기존 가시지역 분석방법의 결과인 지형 변화에 따라 가시지역 범위를 반영하지 못하는 한계를 극복하기위해 조망 대상물 기준 가시지역 분석방법은 가시 범위를 확대하여 영향력이 높은 유효한 조망점을 선정할 수 있는가능성을 판단하였다.

랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 관점으로 본 춘천 G5 국제설계경기 출품작 분석

김아연,고미진,오형석,Kim Ah-Yeon,Koh Mi-Jin,Oh Hyung-Seok 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

A city evolves over time. It grows, transforms, and sometimes degrades. Chuncheon is at a turning point from a city souggling with regulations regarding clean water supply and a military encampment to a masterpiece city with a sustainable vision. The city is getting ready to restructure itself to become a world-famous culture and tourism complex expanding its physical boundary across the Camp Page site and absorbing Jungdo as a major tourist attraction. The landscape in the future blueprint of Chuncheon will play a great role in restructuring urban form. The regenerated in will have a new networked open space system as well as re-evaluated landscape resources. The hybrid theoretical practice called 'landscape urbanism' burgeoning in the fields between 'landscape architecture' and 'urbanism' can guide us in considering the terms of the relationship between a city and landscape when we design a future city Landscape urbanism is considered to be an effective framework by which we can diagnose the current status of a landscape in our contemporary urban design practice in Korea. This paper tries to provide a different perspective from the viewpoint of landscape urbanism to decipher the hidden implications of the social agreement on the role of landscape in urban structure by re-reading eight design proposals presented for the ChunCheon G5 international design competition based on the main principles of landscape urbanism. The G5 design competition is a great opportunity to test out new ideas on a city, demonstrating the relative values among various urban-design professional realms. First, this paper provides an overview of the main ideas of landscape urbanism based on the literature review and case studies. Second, framework categories are suggested in order to extract the explicit and implicit ideas on the landscape. Third, eight proposals are reviewed according to the suggested categories to situate the current landscape design of Korea within the mainstream of contemporary practice of landscape urbanism. Based on the review of eight proposals, the following diagnostic conclusions are made; first, the ideas of landscape urbanism have not been actively introduced in large-scaled urban landscape projects in Korea like Chuncheon G5. Second, it remains to be a big task for landscape professions to be able to participate in design consortiums on an equal footing. Third, In order to introduce and reify the ideas of landscape urbanism in Korea, it is inevitable and critical to test the ideas in both academic fields and professional practices to find the appropriately adjusted model of landscape urbanism.

자연경관관리를 위한 시각적 경관영향 요소 설정에 관한 연구

신민지,신지훈 한국농촌계획학회 2018 농촌계획 Vol.24 No.4

A Visual landscape planning and management system has been introduced and implemented by each ministry so as to solve the problems of visual landscape destruction due to recognition on the value of natural landscape of beautiful territory and various development projects. At present, this system emphasizes the importance of the visual and perceptual aspect of the landscape however, there is a lack of techniques required for comprehensively predicting, evaluating, and managing it. Furthermore, sustainable landscape management after the completion of development projects has been inadequately carried out, as the focus has been only on consultation in the planning process of the development project in institutional performance. To this end, we presented objective and standardized criteria to predict and judge the effects of development projects on landscapes before project implementation. During the implementation of the development project, the influence of the visual landscape becomes accumulated in the construction progress stage. There is a need to identify the main viewpoints and to examine the continuous changes in the landscape-influencing factors, owing to the remarkable influences on the landscape, such as the change in the topography and the change caused by the artificial structure. During the stage of managing the influence on the visual landscape after the completion of the project, the influence on landscape should be monitored by measuring the change in the continuous landscape-influencing factors and determining the extent to which the actual reduction plan has been implemented. These processes should be performed continuously to maintain the quality of the visual landscape. The change in the landscape caused by the development project is shown to cause relatively greater visual damage than other factors composing the landscape owing to the influence of the artificial factors including the structure or the building. This shows that not only detailed examination of the visual impact before the development project but also continuous management is required during and after the development project. For this purpose, we derived eight landscape-influencing factors including form/shape, line, color, texture, scale/volume, height, skyline, and landscape control point. The proposed considering to be of high utilization in that it has a clear target of the landscape influencing factors.