신라시대 경주 북천의 수리에 관한 역사 및 고고학적 고찰

강봉원 동국대학교 WISE(와이즈)캠퍼스 신라문화연구소 2005 新羅文化 Vol.25 No.-

This paper examines the suces and failure of water management on Kyongju, once the~936 A.D.) in ancient Korea. Many serious flods tok place in the city over a long period of time. By combining documentary sources, epigraphic records, and ue physical environment of Kyongju that 2 新羅文化 第 25輯repeatedly caused floods in Kyongju. I argued that the rulers of Sila probably constructed a levee along the Buk Chun[North Stream], which flows from the east to the west in the northern part of Kyongju city, sometime betwen the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. Furthermore, this paper examines how sucessfully the Sila Kingdom dealt with the flood problem and why water management in the later time period failed. This paper wil provide a case study on suces and failure of water management from the protohistoric to historic time period in Kyongju, Korea.

지역경제 활성화를 위한 문화관광산업 : 경주지역을 중심으로

이갑두 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 2000 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.3

In the knoeledge-based economy, it's more important to vitalize the regional economy. But, in Korea, there were large gap between regional and centural economy during the high speed growth stage. And the problem have to be hurdle for the sustainalbe competitive advantage of Korea. At the start point of new ecomony, it is good chance to overcome the problem and revitalize the local industry. The paper focused on cultural tourism industry to revitalize regional economy, specially Kyongju, Capital of Shilla Dynasty Era. This region have many cultural property and tour site. then must be utilized effectively this resource. The paper construct a practical model to cultivate cultural tourism industry in Kyongju. The model reveal a kind of technopark(Kongju Cultural Tourism Technopark), that is composition of high technology company in culoture and tour industry. Then, suggest the strategy to operate the system successfully.

배기형의 「경주 석굴암 보수공사 설계도」(1961)에 관한 고찰

우동선,김태형 한국건축역사학회 2019 건축역사연구 Vol.28 No.2

This study examines the restoration project of Sokkuram, and introduces its preliminary plans by the architect Pai Ki Hyung. The restoration project started in 1958 with an inquiry committee of the restoration project, and was completed in 1964. Despite having undergone extensive repair work under Japanese supervision from 1913 and 1923, the repair work caused water leakages inside Sokkuram, and regular cleaning work that began in 1933 caused a lot of damage to the sculpture. In result of the surveys, the top priority of this project was to protect the sculptures inside Sokkuram by improving the environment of the cave. At that time, the architect Mr. Pai participated as a head of the fourth field surveyors to plan the restoration project and to design the preliminary plans. He proposed the installation of a double dome structure to prevent further water leakages on the concrete addition that was built up around the grotto by the Japanese. However, in 1961, the Cultural Heritage Committee of Korea examined the plans of Mr. Pai and immediately rejected them. The factors of the rejection were the omitting of entrance design, system of new double dome structure that presses the existing structure, and these changes that had to be made outside of the drainage plans. The repair work of Sokkuram began in 1961, and the main construction was building double dome structure and entrance installation. In this we realize that Mr. Pai’s double dome structure plans were very important key concept of this project. This study attempts to demonstrate the double dome installations that Mr. Pai initially proposed, which ultimately remains as emblematic factors of Sokkuram’s legacy. 이 연구는 배기형이 1961년에 완성한 「경주 석굴암 보수공사 설계도」를 학계에 보고하고, 이에 관하여 고찰하려는 것이다. 이 보수공사는 1958년부터 조사작업에 들어가서 1964년에 마쳤다. 석굴암의 수리공사는 일제강점기에서 비롯하였다. 석굴암은 1913년부터 1923년까지에 수선공사를 받았지만 곧바로 누수현상이 일어났고, 1933년부터 시작된 정기적인 세척작업은 조각물에 많은 손상을 가져왔다. 문화재위원회는 1958년부터 1960년까지 총 4차례에 걸쳐 석굴암에 대한 현지조사를 실시하였고, 조사의 결과를 토대로 석굴 내 환경개선을 통한 조각물 보호를 최우선 과제로 삼은 보수원칙을 수립하였다. 배기형은 4차 조사단의 단장 겸 보수설계자로서 석굴암의 보수설계 작업을 맡았다. 배기형은 기존 석굴암 구조에 철근콘크리트 외피를 덧씌우는 이중 돔을 보수설계안으로 제시하였다. 그런데 문화재위원회는 전실 측 입구와 지붕을 설치하지 않았다는 점과, 이중 돔이 석굴암 구조에 하중이 직접 가해진다는 점, 지반조사에 따른 배수계획이 변동되었다는 점 등을 이유로 들면서 배기형의 설계안을 즉각 폐기하였다. 1963년부터 시작한 석굴암 수리공사의 주요 공정은 이중 돔 설치와 전실 측 입구와 지붕의 설치였었다. 석굴암의 수리공사에서 배기형이 제안한 이중 돔의 구조시스템은 여전히 중요하게 작용하고 있었던 한 것이었다. 그러므로 이 연구는 배기형의 설계안을 면밀히 살피고, 이 계획에 적용된 특징과 기법을 석굴암 보수공사의 역사상에 위치 지으려고 하는 것이다.

Korea : A Synopsis of Its History and Culture A Perspective from Kyongju

Kim, Key-Hiuk 한국동학학회 2001 동학연구 Vol.9·10 No.-

2,000년에 걸친 그 역사의 전반기에 경주(慶州)는 신라의 도읍지로 한국 고유사회와 문화의 공전절후의 발전을 보았으며 당대 중국(中國)에 비할만한 찬란한 불교문화를 이룩하였다. 통일신라(統一新羅)시대에서 유래한 오랜 유학(儒學)전통을 가졌든 경주는 조선왕조시대에는 이 지역 서원(書院)을 중심으로 하여 유학의 주요한 중심지가 되었다. 19세기후반에 동학(東學)이 발생한 배경에는 이와 같은 경주의 장구한 역사와 다양한 문화적 유산이 있었다. During the first half of its two-millenium history, Kyongju was the capital of Silla, which witnessed indigenous Korean society and culture developing to a level without parallel before and since and built a brilliant Buddhist culture rivaling that of contemporary China. During the Chos?n dynasty, Kyongju, with its long tradition in Confucian studies dating from the Unified Silla period, became a major center of Confucian scholarship, centered around local private Confucian academies. The long history and various cultural heritages of Kyongju were behind the birth of Tonghak in the late nineteenth century.

포항 및 경주지역의 토양내 keratinophilic Fungi의 분포상태

서무규 ( Moo Kyu Suh ),성열오 ( Yeol Oh Sung ) 대한피부과학회 1996 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

Background: Because saprophytes found in soil rarely cause dermatomycosis, we studied the distribution of soil keratinophilie fungi(KPF) in the Pohang & Kyongju areas. Objective : The purpose of the study was to investigate the distribution of soil KPF isolated in various sites in the Pohang & Kyongju areas. Methods : From 150 soil samples, collected at 50 sites in the Pohang & Kyongju areas, KPF were isolated using the hair baiting technique. Results : 1) Of the number of 150 sol samples KPF were isolated from 103 samples(68.7%). The total number of strains isolated were 115 consisting of 45 Trichophyton(T.) ajelloi, 33 Chrysasporium sp 24 Microsporum(M) gyseum, 7 Sepedonium, and 6 M. cookei. 2) The number of KPF isolated at varius sites was high in the cowshed, and low at the riverside. T. ajelloi was frequent in the field in the Pohang area, M. gypseum in the cowshed in the Kyongju area, Chrysosporium sp. on the hill, by the river and at the roadside in the Pohang area, M. cookei at the roadside in the Pohang area, and Sepedonium on the hill. Conclusion : We find that the distribution of KPF in the Pohang & Kyongju areas is similar to that in previous studies which have been undertaken in Korea. However, particular attention shoud be paid to the presence of KPF isolated near the sea. (Kor J Dermatol 1996;34(3):,381-385)

한국과 일본의 역사도시 경관관리법규의 비교 -경주시와 나라시의 사례로-

정성태,조세환,오휘영 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of paper is to investigate the characteristics of regulations on landscape management of historic city of Kyongju in Korea, compared with those of Nara in japan to answer the research question that what is the regulative characteristics of landscape management of historic city in Korea. We have analyzed the three laws of the two country - Urban Planning Law, Cultural Assets Protection law, and Building Law. This research has been done in terms of regulative systems of the two country and articles, ordinances, and bylaws on landscape managements of historic city Major components of urban historic landscape management are goals and devices of preservation, preserving actor, authorized actor permitting major planning change, regulatory power on landscape development, and backgrounds of enacting regulations. From this research, we have fond the fact that 1) Kyongju City has general and implicit objectives of landscape management based on conservation of natural environment while Nara City has concrete objectives of lansdscape management, 2) Kyongju City has no regulations on landscape planning while Nara City has systematic planning measures such as designation of landscape management district, planning for preservation of historic landscape, and planning for establishing urban landscape, 3) In an application of landscape management district, Kyongju City designate the district based on the general principle of urban planning district while nara City designate it in a more detailed manner such as district of preservation of historic landscape, district of landscape establishment, and district of building agreement. 4) Kyongju has no legal actor in implementation and management of historic landscape plan while Nara City has administrative organization and procedures, including citizen participation, public hearing, and voluntary participation, and 5) Kyongju City does not operate the consultation committee on landscape management just like Nara City operating. This research results will provide us the remedial insights for landscape preservation of such Korean historic city as Kongju, Puyo, and Chunju. Since our research is focused on the limited area of preserving landscape in historic cities in korea and Japan we need to study sociocultural issues on preserving urban historic landscape more in depth in the future.

경주지방의 백선증

서무규(Moo Kyu Suh),성열오(Yeol Oh Sung),하경임(Gyoung Yim Ha) 대한피부과학회 1995 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

Background : Because of the differences in dermatophytoses by ographic distribution in Korea, we studied the incidence of dermatophytoses in the Kyongju area. Objective : The purpose of the study was to investigate the recant clinical and mycological features of dermatophytoses in the Kyongju area. Methods : We evaluated the clinical and mycological aspects flermatophytoses in 431 patients from September 1992 to August 1994 in the Kyongju area. Results : 1) The incidence of dermatophytoses was 7.8% out of a total of 5,549 out patients. 2) The incidence of dermatophytoses was Tinea(T.) pedis (36%), T. unguium (30.2%), T. corporis (12.0%), T. cruris, (11.5%), T. manus (7.3%), T. faic (2.2%), T. capitis (0.6%) in order of decreasing frequency. 3) Among the age groups, the in idence rate was highest in the third decade (21.3%). 4) The ratio of male to female patients was 1.5: l.5) Coexisting fungal infections were found in 1 patients (41.0%), and the cases of T. pedis with T. unguium was the most common. 6) In dercimatophytoses, the positive rate of KOH mount examination was 95.7 %, and the positive rate of culture was 77.6%. 7) Trichophytone T. rubrum was the most common causative organism of dermatophytoses (91.8%), T. mentagrophages (4.3%), T. verrucosum (2,3%), Microsporum(M.) canis (1.0%), M. gypseum (0.3%). Epidermoplyte floccosum (0.3%), presenting in order of decreasing freqiency. Conclusion : We find that the incidence rate of T. veriosum infection & coexisting dermatophytosis in the Kyongju area are higher than previous studies in Korea (Kor J Dermatol 1995;33(2): 294-302)

경주주민의 컴퓨터 이용에 관한 조사연구

정기억,윤상환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 2001 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.4

This study is focusing on the analysis of current situation of computer usage of Kyongju citizen in order to provide with necessary information for helping build a proper strategy which make it possible for the citizen to enjoy better information. To do so, we co.pare the material that we examined with the data on the same subject released by Information Culture Center of Korea in April 2001 and analyze them. As a result of analysis, we find that while the percentage of possession and utilization of computer is higher than the nation's average percentage, regarding to computer usage frequency, average usage hour per day, purposes of computer usage and using software, Kyongju has shown lower profile. Moreover, in the case of households not possessing computer, the number in Kyongju is quite same with the nation's average, even though the analysis for non-possession category has not united yet. Therefore, it is required to set appropriate policies for promoting practical use of computer in order for Kyongju citizen to utilize their high-class computer.

인터넷을 통한 경주시내권의 관광홍보

유영준 경주대학교 정보전자기술연구소 2002 情報電子技術論叢 Vol.1 No.-

The public informations of the tourism through the Internet in Kyongju have been studied on. The purpose of this study is to review the concepts of tourism public informations theoretically and through the Internet, respectively. And each person, local governments and regional university's homepages furnished tourists the Kyongju tourism information contents at any time. Also it was analyzed by the comparative method. So it has been revealed that the Internet homepages gives people the better images and attitude to some places, therefore, the more many people would visit the destinations for nice tour. Because the Internet homepages could provide tourism information, creation images to some places and made sustainable relationships between the destinations and tourists. The results are as follows; 1) Through the internet homepages could shown to the specific point and favorite, new goods of all stores, and recommended to tourists the tasty special foods of every restaurants. 2) It was made us to the customers' site, and then we could consider customer's informations to be satisfied with or not. 3) It was made to the Kyongju downtown maps on the internet homepages, and store region and the position of cultural tour places have been marked of it in detail, so it could provided all tourists many informations about access routes and telephone number of all stores.

고려시대 경주민의 항쟁과 제사

이정신 동국대학교 WISE(와이즈)캠퍼스 신라문화연구소 2008 新羅文化 Vol.32 No.-

Uprising of the peasants were frequently happened during the period of the government of the Military Rule in Koryo dynasty. I will focus on the Kyongju(Kyongsang-Do) inhabitants' struggle in 1202. These uprising of the Kyungju were characteristic of the those period such as the struggle against landed proprietors and local officials, against national government and the nostalgia of the Silla Kingdom. For example, The reasons of the Kyung-Ju inhabitants' struggle at King SinJong were not only the sense of alienation on the Koryo dynasty but also the exploitation on the peasants. The restoration of the destroyed Silla kingdom took a key role of the Kyung-Ju inhabitants' struggle. This issue was not for the people's interest but for the Koyong-Ju landed proprietors' purpose. When they met the national disorder, sacrifice on the gods was a dally events of Koryo dynasty. In the Kyongsang area, such close cooperation among rebel forces had given them strength to continue their struggle for some ten years. During the Kyongju inhabitants' struggle, Koryo government performed the 33th rite. The government regarded this struggle as the serious national disorder. At that time, these rites included the Buddhism, the Taoism, and various popular believes. It was the Buddhism that was the popular national belief in the Koryo dynasty. However many believes were remained to coexist peacefully. These gods worked for the purpose of their credence both the Government and the rebel bands. The various popular believes at Koryo dynasty were cowered because of the Mongolian Buddhism at the King Chongsuk period and the Sung Confucianism at Chosun dynasty. In the end of these popular uprisings were suppressed, but their believes based on the various popular believes and these believes are keeping alive at this present.