마리아 해리스(Maria Harris)의 이론에 근거한 기독교 평생교육을 위한 제언 -노년여성 영성교육을 중심으로-

채혁수(Hyeok-Su Chae) 영남신학대학교 2019 신학과 목회 Vol.52 No.-

The graying society has come by aging. And this situation calls for a drastic and emergency measure of humankind. The education for the rich and happy old age is one of the alternatives which is means for solving problems. The scope of the education will extend from the age of pedagogy which focuses on teaching children and youth and let them obtain their jobs and sustain society’s frame to the age of andragogy for whole human life journey. Now, the education for old age is a demand of the times. On this point, the divorce rate for elderly couples is growing these days in Korean society. What’s that problem? Korean Church is no exception in order to solve this problem because Korean Church also faces aging era. How does the Korean Church to respond the era of lifelong education? For Korean elder, specifically, for Korean elderly women, any ideas what Korean Church could be? According to Yong-gil Maeng, the elderly education has two meanings: situational adaptive education and lifelong education. However, how does the Korean Church respond to those educations? Thus, in this study, reminding the responsibility of the Korean church for the meaning of the educational sociology of situational adaptive education and the task of the lifelong education for the Korean elder, I will offer several suggestions for the spiritual education to serve the Korean elderly women based on Maria Harris’s educational theory and her spiritual theology on the Jubilee time thought. The structure of the study is as follows: In chapter II, I will introduce two analyses for Korean elderly women: one is the interpretation of educational sociology through historical and social speciality of Korean elderly women. Another is the introduction of lifelong education which is a basic frame of the elderly education. In chapter III, I will examine the response of the Korean Church to the problem of the aged and absence of education for the elderly female as a null curriculum. For the alternative of that, in chapter IV, I will explore Maria Harris’s spiritual theology on the Jubilee time thought as a spiritual education for the elderly women. As the climax of the study, in chapter V, offering summary of the study, several suggestions for the education for the Korean elderly women in the future, and limitations of this study, I will close this study.

규칙적인 한국무용프로그램 참여가 고령여성의 인지기능과 하지골밀도에 미치는 영향

이소은,김준동 한국체육과학회 2024 한국체육과학회지 Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular korean dance program participation on cognitive function and leg bone mineral density in elderly women. The subjects were of 36 elderly women, they were divided into two groups: the group of 18 elderly women with regular korean dance habit and the group of 18 elderly women without korean dance habit. To analyze the results, an independent t-test was performed to compare and analyze the differences in dependent variables between groups. As a result of conducting an independent t-test to analyze the difference in cognitive function between groups, the MMSE-K score was found to be significantly higher in the group with regular korean dance habit than in the group without korean dance habit. Cognitive function was in the normal range for the group with regular korean dance habit but it was lower than the normal range for the group without korean dance habit. As a result of conducting an independent t-test to analyze the difference in bone mineral density between groups, leg and total bone mineral density and T-score were found to be significantly higher in the group with regular korean dance habit than in the group without korean dance habit. T-score was in the borderline range between normal and osteopenia for the group with regular korean dance habit but it was in the osteoporosis stage for the group without korean dance habit. These results suggest that elderly women of korean dance habit maintain cognitive function and legs bone density at higher levels. Therefore it is important to habit and long-term regular exercise habits using korean dance to prevent dementia and osteoporosis and development of regular and systematic korean dance programs for elderly women are highly needed.

Elderly Korean American Women's Experiences with Health Care

Jeong Hee Kang,Song Sik Choi 한국노인복지학회 2011 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.24 No.-

The Purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of elderly Korean American women`s experiences with health care. This topic is of critical importance at this time, with the increasing Asian elderly population, especially Korean American women, who make up one section of the population whose health is critical because they are women and culturally isolated immigrants. This study was conducted by in-depth interviews with four elderly Korean American women by using constructivist inquiry method(Rodwell, 1998). In recruiting participants, purposive sampling was used. Five major categories emerged from this analysis: (a) perceived health status (b) health care practices (c) negative factors that impact elderly Korean American women`s health (d) resources connected with health care (e) constraints related to health care. The findings from this study highlighted a richer cultural understanding of elderly Korean American women`s experience with health care. It offers detailed contextual factors contributing to put elderly Korean American women`s health and health care at a more vulnerable status.

한국여성 노인의 가족 돌봄과 생활만족도

김주현(Ju-Hyun Kim) 한국인구학회 2016 한국인구학 Vol.39 No.2

본 연구는 점차 늘어나는 돌봄의 요구에 대응하기 어려운 사회적 현실 속에서 여전히 작동하는 여성노인의 부양부담과 희생의 문제에 대하여 비판적 논의를 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 여성 노인이 돌봄 위기를 해결하기 위해 대체 활용되면서 여성노인은 노년기에도 지속적인 돌봄노동을 수행해야 하고, 이로 인해 심리적이고 물리적인 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 여성 노인들의 삶의 질과 생활 만족도 제고가 절실한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 돌봄 제공 주체로서 여성노인의 생활만족도를 연구 대상으로 하여 돌봄 형태 및 사회경제적 상태별 생활만족도의 차이 분석을 한다. 분석의 결과에 따르면, 손자녀 돌봄을 수행하는 여성노인은 배우자를 돌보는 여성 노인에 비해서 자신의 생활에 대해서 긍정적으로 평가하고 있다. 배우자 돌봄을 수행하는 여성노인의 생활만족도가 부정적이라는 기존 연구의 결과가 확인되었다. 한편 돌봄 노동 참여여건이 양호한 여성노인의 경우에는 돌봄 노동의 물리적이고 직접적인 요인보다는 정신적 상태에 따라 생활만족도의 차이가 나타났다. 이것은 돌봄 노동에 참여하는 상층 여성노인의 생활만족도를 제고하기 위해서는 정서적 측면을 주목해야 함을 시사한다. 반면 돌봄 노동 참여 여건이 상대적으로 열악한 여성노인의 경우에는 생활만족도에 통계적으로 유의미하게 부정적 영향을 미치는 요인이 비교 집단보다 여러 가지로 나타났다. 돌봄 노동으로 생활만족도가 낮아지는 것을 막기 위해서 정신적 요인 뿐 만 아니라 도구적인 문제 해결도 요구된다. 특히 돌봄 여건이 열악한 여성노인이 배우자를 돌보는 경우에 유난히 부정적인 생활만족도를 완화시키는 방안을 연구할 필요가 있다. This study aims to critically discuss elderly women’s burden of caregiving and their sacrifices amidst social difficulties in responding to the growing demand for caregiving. Elderly women face numerous psychological and physical challenges due to caregiving extending into old age. In order to enhance their quality of life and level of life satisfaction, this study examined the conditions of elderly women’s participation in caregiving from various perspectives. The analysis revealed that elderly women providing care for their grandchildren had a more positive outlook on their lives compared to those providing care for their spouses. This was consistent with the results of past research, in which elderly women providing care for their spouses were found to have a lower level of satisfaction with life. For elderly women with favorable conditions of caregiving participation, differences in life satisfaction were observed in relation to their psychological states rather than physical and direct factors. This implies that the life satisfaction of elderly women belonging to higher classes can be enhanced by focusing on emotional problem-solving instead of instrumental. On the other hand, in the case of elderly women with poor conditions of caregiving labor participation, there were more factors that negatively affected life satisfaction and were of statistical significance. To prevent their satisfaction with life from deteriorating due to caregiving, both emotional and instrumental problem-solving are required. In particular, further research must be conducted to improve the level of satisfaction with life among elderly women providing care for their spouses under poor conditions of caregiving.

한국무용활용프로그램이 비만여성노인의 Irisin과 Biochemical Bone Markers에 미치는 영향

노현식 한국무용과학회 2019 한국무용과학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 비만여성노인을 대상으로 한국무용을 적용시켰을 경우 아이리신과 생화학적 골대사지표에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위함이다. 연구대상은 체지방률이 30%이상인 65세 이상의 비만여성노인 16명을 한국무용 집단 8명, 대조집단 8명으로 구분하였다. 연구결과 체지방률은 한국무용프로그램 적용에 따라 운동 후 유의하게 감소하고, 상호작용효과를 보였으며, 한국무용프로그램집단에서 체중의 유의한 감소와 제지방 체중의 변화가 없었던 것으로 미루어 볼 때 긍정적인 신체구성의 변화가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 아이리신은 한국무용프로그램 적용에 따라 프로그램적용 후 유의하게 증가하였고, 상호작용효과를 보여 항 노화효과에 긍정적인 반응을 보인 것으로 생각된다. 오스테오칼신은 상호작용효과를 보였으며, 운동전․후의 비교결과 한국무용프로그램적용집단에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 실시한 한국무용프로그램은 비만여성노인의 신체구성의 개선, 아이리신과 생화학적 골대사지표의 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 프로그램으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of applying Korean dance to obese middled-aged women on irisin and Biochemical Bone Markers. Participants are 16 obese middle-aged women with 30% and more fat and they were divided into 2 groups which are Korean dance Group with 8 and Control Group with 8. The result of this study shows Body Fat Percent was higher in Korean dance Group than in Control Group, and it significantly decreased in Korean dance Group after exercise. Among groups, Irisin was significantly higher in Korean dance Group than in Control Group after exercise and in before-and-after exercise comparison, it showed significant decrease in Korean dance Group after exercise. Among groups, Osteocalcin was significantly higher in Korean dance Group than in Control Group after exercise and in before-and-after exercise comparison, it showed significant decrease in Korean dance Group. NTx showed no significant change. Therefore, it is considered that Korean dance applied in this study is a program which can help to improve body composition, irisin, and Biochemical Bone Markers in obese elderly women.

12주간의 한국무용 참여가 여성 노인의 기능체력과 대사증후군 위험인자에 미치는 효과

박하늬(Park, Ha-Nui),소위영(So, Wi-Young),서상훈(Suh, Sang-Hoon) 한국체육과학회 2014 한국체육과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Traditional Korean Dance has been employed as an alternatively physical activity tool to improve overall health. However, the effects of Traditional Korean Dance on physical function and metabolic parameters has not been extensively studied. Thus, the purpose of the study is to explore the effects of Traditional Korean Dance program on functional fitness and metabolic syndrome risk components in Korean elderly women. A total of 23 healthy Korean women (over 65 years old) participated in this study. The subject were randomly assigned into Normal life group (n=12) and Traditional Korean Dance (n=11). Anthropometric measures (weight, height and BMI), Functional strength test(Muscular endurance, Muscular strength, Flexibility, Agility and Balance), Senior Fitness Test, and metabolic syndrome risk factors were measured before and after the 12-week of dance program among all subjects. After the 12 weeks of Traditional Korean Dance program, muscular strength and flexibility in upper and lower body were significantly improved in Traditional Korean Dance group (p<0.05), compared with the Normal life group. In addition, metabolic syndrome risk factors including triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, total cholesterol and waist circumference were significantly improved in Traditional Korean Dance group (p<0.05), compared with the Normal life group. In conclusion, participation in Traditional Korean Dance is associated with positive improvements in body composition, functional fitness, metabolic syndrome risk factors in Korean Elderly Women.

노인여성에서 신체구성과 혈류동태 지표들의 관련성 및 공통성

오봉석(Bong Seok Oh) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.53

The main purpose of this study is to find the relations and common factors regarding the body composition and hemodynamic variables. The subjects were 257 elderly Korean women (mean age 69.32 years). Body composition measurement items were minerals, muscle mass(MM), fat mass(FM), body fat percentage(BFP), waist-hip ratio(WHR) and body mass index(BMI). Hemodynamic factors were systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), resting heart rate(HR), pulse wave korotkoff sound systolic time(TP-KS), pressure rate product(PRP), stroke volume(SV), cardiac output(CO), cardiac index(CI) and total peripheral resistance(TPR). Data assessment for Pearson`s correlations and common factors was analyzed using SPSS (ver. 19.0). The results are as follows. First, there was no significant correlations between body compositions and hemodynamic variables in elderly Korean women. Second, MM and WHR were significantly related to all of body compositions. There were statistically significant positive relationships between MM and obesity. Third, hemodynamic variables such as SBP, HR, PRP, CO were TPR modulators which affect blood circulations throughout whole-body. Fourth, arteriosclerosis index(TP-KS) displayed a negative relationship with HR, however there were no any significant correlations between TP-KS, body compositions and hemodynamic variables. Fifth, measuring body compositions and hemodynamic items such as FM, minerals, CO, DBP, HR can be used to help figure out most of the body composition and hemodynamic conditions in elderly Korean women. In summary, the relationships between body compositions and hemodynamic variables were no significance, which suggests that the body compositions and hemodynamic elements in elderly Korean women should be interpreted and took care of as a independent factor for elderly health management. Controling muscle mass and abdominal obesity would be helpful for managing all of body composition and elderly health. Mild obesity in elderly Korean women may have positive effects on keeping muscle mass and expanding lifespan. Senile arteriosclerosis may be more affected by other components than body compositions and hemodynamic variables.

한국 여성 노인의 적응유연성에 관한 질적 연구

강유진 한국가족사회복지학회 2004 한국가족복지학 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to understand the unique dynamics of resilience in the Korean elderly women through their life histories. Understanding their resilience mechanism can provide a crucial insight to developing effective adaptive strategies for the elderly. This qualitative study extracted personal narratives from tape-recorded interviews of 27 Korean elderly women and analysed key themes of resilience in their life stories. First, major adversities experienced during their life courses included wars, poverty, ideologies oppressing the life of women, and death of family members. Participants developed their strengths and resilience with a variety of strategies despite these difficulties: 'role of mother', 'laying a fault at that period', and 'faith'. Second, major challenges in their old ages were loss of physical functions, death of spouse, and loneliness. This study found that their overcoming strategies were: maintaining physical independence, social involvement, success of adult children, and spiritual practices. Out results show that the Korean elderly women were actively negotiating with themselves and their environments to adapt themselves to crises through their life courses. This resilience in the Korean elderly women is not a static trait but instead is a life long process affected by a variety of factors. 최근 사회복지학 분야에서는 문제 집단에 대한 긍정적 관심, 즉 그 집단의 강점을 강화하고 문제에 대한 대응과 해결점에 관심을 두는 ‘강점관점’이 주목을 받고 있으며, 이것을 적용한 연구 범위가 다양한 인구 영역으로 확대되고 있다. 노인영역에서도 노화의 긍정적 측면을 탐색하고 ‘어떻게 행복한 노년을 보낼 것인가’에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구는 ‘강점관점’을 토대로 그동안 간과되었던 노인들의 잠재적 역량과 자원을 규명하고자 여성노인들의 ‘적응유연성’(resilience)에 초점을 맞춘 것이다. 즉, 우리 사회 여성노인들이 과거와 현재의 삶을 통해 직면한 역경과 위기들을 어떻게 극복하고 현재에 이르렀는지를 여성노인들의 생애이야기를 분석하는 질적 연구 방법을 사용하여 탐색해 보았다. 본 연구에서 사용된 생애사 자료는 65세에서 88세에 이르는 27명의 여성노인으로부터 수집한 것이다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과거 생애의 적응유연성을 구성하는 중요한 주제는 “억척모성”, ‘시대 탓’, ‘동병상련의 힘’, ‘신념’ 등인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 현재 노년기 삶의 적응유연성에 있어서 중요한 주제들로는 ’자신감과 의욕의 원천으로서 건강’, ‘사회적 활동’, ‘가족’, ‘불가항력 위기 극복을 위한 신앙의 힘’ 등을 들 수 있다. 본 연구 결과 면접노인들의 적응유연성은 다양한 인생역정 속에서 시간의 흐름과 시대적 환경에 따라 변화하여 왔음을 알 수 있다. 또한 노년기 삶에서 적응유연성은 과거와 달리 가족으로부터 벗어나 좀 더 다양한 영역에서 나타나고 있다. 결국, 본 연구는 위기를 극복하는 노인의 역량과 방법을 규명함으로써 노인에 대한 고정관념을 극복하고 노년기 성공적 적응을 위한 가이드라인을 제시하는데 유용한 자료가 될 것이라 기대한다.

자연과학분야 : 노인여성의 6개월간 생활무용 참가가 관상동맥질환 위험인자와 Framingham Risk Score에 미치는 영향

이한준 ( Han Joon Lee ) 한국무용과학회 2014 한국무용과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구는 6개월간의 노인여성이 한국무용과 댄스 스포츠 참여가 관상동맥질환의 위험인자와 Framingham Risk Score에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이 목적이다. 총 142명이 실험에 참가했고, 6개월간 국거리, 살풀이, 자진모리 등을 활용한 한국무용(68명)과 룸바와 차차차를 활용한 댄스스포츠(47명)를 수행하였다. 6개월간의 생활무용 참가 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 관상동맥질환의 위험인자 중 TC, HDL, LDL, TG에서 6개월간의 생활무용(한국무용, 댄스스포츠) 참가가 긍정적인 영향을 주었고(p<.01), 혈압에서는 댄스스포츠, 한국무용 순으로 효과적인 감소가 나타났다(p<.01). 둘째, Framingham risk score에서는 댄스스포츠, 한국무용 순으로 더 낮았고(p<.01), 심혈관질환의 위험율에서도 댄스스포츠, 한국무용 순으로 더 낮았다(p<.01). 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 보면, 6개월간의 한국무용과 댄스스포츠 등의 생활무용 참가에서 관상동맥질환의 위험요인은 두 운동 모두 효과적인 감소를 가져왔고, Framingham risk score에서는 댄스스포츠, 한국무용 순으로 더 효과적인 감소를 나타냈다. 또한 심혈관질환의 위험율에서도 댄스스포츠, 한국무용 순으로 더 효과적인 감소를 나타냈다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the CHD risk factors & Framingham risk score of Korean traditional dance and dance sports for elderly women. 142 elderly women were recruited and tested. Subjects were assigned to Korean traditional dance group(n=68), dance sports group(n=47), and control group(n=27). The Korean traditional dance consist of ‘Gukguri’, Salpuri’, ‘Jajinmori’, and dance sports consist of ‘rumba’, ‘cha-cha-cha’. Dance was done for 6 months, 3 times per week, 60 minutes per day. After the dance participation of 6 months, and the following results were obtained. First, Participation of the Korean traditional dance and dance sports of 6 months has given a positive effect in TC, HDL, LDL, TG(p<.01). Second, Framingham risk score was lower in the order of dance sport, Korean traditional dance(p<.01), and CHD %risk was lower in order of dance sport, Korean traditional dance, control group(p<.01). In conclusion, Korean traditional dance and dance sport in 6 month had a positive effect on CHD risk factors. And FRS was significantly lower in the order of dance sport, Korean traditional dance, control group. Also CHD %risk was significantly lower in the order of dance sport, Korean traditional dance, control group.

북한이탈여성노인의 남한사회 정착경험에 관한 연구

이현주(Lee, Hyen Joo),오보람(Oh, Bo Ram),이은혜(Lee, Eun Hye) 한국노년학회 2009 한국노년학 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 탈북한 여성노인이 남한에 정착하면서 겪게 되는 경험의 의미와 본질을 밝힘으로써 그들 경험에 대한 보다 풍부한 이해를 하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구방법을 사용하였다. 연구참여자는 북한에서 탈북한 후 남한에서 생활한지 3년 이상 된 65~70세 이내의 여성노인으로 총 6명이다. 의도적 표집방법을 사용하였고, 심층면담을 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 자료 분석은 Colaizzi가 제시한 6가지의 구체적 단계들에 의거하였다. 연구결과, 8개의 주제묶음과 16개의 주제가 도출되었으며 이를 삶의 다양한 측면에 따라 제시하면, <탈북노인을 소외시키는 사회의 장벽>, <생소하고 불편한 남한 문화>, <남한에서도 나를 옭아매는 빈곤>, <흩어진 가족으로 인한 시름>, <타향에서 느끼는 고독과 존재감의 상실>, <자연스레 형성된 좁은 울타리>, <내 힘의 원천이 되는 신앙>, <남한정착에 버팀목이 되는 복지서비스>이다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 북한이탈여성노인의 남한사회 정착경험의 의미를 사회문화적 맥락 속에서 논의하고 사회복지적 함의와 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다. The aim of this study is to observe the settlement experience among elderly North Korean women defectors who have been living in South Korea, and to understand their experience more fully. In this study, we adopted Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. The research participants consisted of six elderly North Korean women defectors in the age group of 65 to 70 who have settled in South Korea over three years. We utilized the purposed sampling and an in-depth interview for data collection. Data analysis was based on Colaizzi's six specific steps. As a result, eight theme clusters and sixteen themes were deduced from this research. The eight theme clusters are <social barrier estranging elderly North Korean women defectors>, <strange and unfamiliar South Korea culture>, <poverty also entangling me in South Korea>, <worry about families who have been living in South Korea and North Korea>, <loss of existence and loneliness in a strange land>, <narrow fence formed naturally>, <faith as the source of my strength>, <welfare service as a support for settlement in South Korea>. Based on these results, we discussed the meaning of elderly North Korean women's settlement experience in South Korea from a socio-cultural aspect and provided social welfare implications and future research suggestions.