국제결혼제도 개선방안에 관한 연구 - 미국의 법제를 중심으로 -

김성진 단국대학교 법학연구소 2023 법학논총 Vol.47 No.4

우리나라 현행 국제결혼제도에 의하면 국제결혼의 외국인 배우자는 해외에있는 상태에서 한국인 배우자에 의한 혼인신고절차를 진행하여야 한다. 대부분의 외국인 배우자는 한국인 배우자의 생활환경 등의 정보는 혼인 후 한국에입국한 이후에나 알 수 있는 것이 현실이다. 외국인 배우자가 결혼을 결정하는데 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 중요한 사항들을 결혼 후 한국에 입국한 이후에나파악할 수 있다는 것은 결혼생활에 있어서 잠재적 갈등의 요인이 되는 것이다. 그리고 결혼생활은 한국에서 함께 지내는 것을 전제하는 것인데 입국이거부될 가능성이 있는 상황에서 혼인신고를 선행하는 절차는, 이후 실제로 외국인 배우자의 입국이 거부된다면, 국내법으로 인정된 부부가 함께 결혼생활을 할 수 없다는 불합리함 때문에 인권침해의 소지가 있는 것이다. 이 글은 국제결혼에 있어서 외국인 배우자를 보호하고 건전한 국제결혼을유지할 수 있는 가장 시급한 국제결혼제도 개선방안에만 초점을 두고 미국법제를 중심으로 논의한다. 구체적으로, 제II장에서 미국의 결혼 및 국제결혼 관련 법제를 소개하고, 제III장은 우리나라의 국제결혼 관련 법제를 간단히 살펴본다. 제IV장에서 우리나라 현행 국제결혼제도의 문제점을 논의하고 아래와같이 3가지 영역에서 그 개선방안을 제안한다. 먼저, 개인신상정보제공 문제 영역으로서 외국인 배우자가 결혼상대방을 선택할 시에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 한국인 배우자의 정확한 신상정보를 제공받을수 있기 위해서 다음의 4가지 개선방안이 있다. 첫째, 국제결혼중개자에게 국제결혼의 당사자인 외국인 배우자에게 결혼상대방을 선택할 시에 영향을 미칠수 있는 한국인 배우자의 신상정보를 제공하도록 의무화하여, 한국인 배우자와 결혼 또는 약혼하는 외국인 배우자에게 발생하는 가정폭력 또는 학대의 원천적 문제를 예방하도록 한다. 둘째, 국제결혼에 있어서 당사자들의 신상정보에는 각 개인에게는 아주 민감하고 예민한 정보이기 때문에 국제결혼 당사자에게도 상대방에 관한 신상정보 누설금지의무를 결혼중개업법에 직접 규정하는 것이 합리적이다. 셋째, 국제결혼중개업자의 신상정보의 불고지 및 주의의무에 대한 민·형사상 책임을 부과하는 것이다. 국제결혼중개업자가 고의 또는과실로 상당한 주의의무를 다하지 못하여 발생한 소극적인 주의의무 위반에대해서는 손해배상책임을 지우고, 결혼중개업자가 고의로 적극적인 정보제공의무 위반하는 때에는 처벌의 규정을 마련할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 국제결혼 당사들의 개인신상정보를 공적기관이 담당하도록 하는 것이다. 다음은, 국내출입국 사증 제도 관련 문제 영역이다. 미국의 약혼자 비자(K1) 제도를 도입한다면, 국제결혼의 당사자들이 먼저 해외 현지에서 결혼식부터거행하고 한국인 배우자 일방이 먼저 혼인신고를 한 이후에 외국인 배우자가한국에 도착하여 입국심사 시에 국내 입국이 거부되는 위험을 방지할 수 있을것이다. 약혼자 비자제도를 이용해서 국내로 들어와서 예비배우자들 상호 간의 충분한 정보교환과 신뢰를 구축한 이후에 혼인의 의식과 혼인신고를 완성하는 것이 합리적일 것이다. 마지막으로, 국제결혼 이민자 정착지원 영역이다. 국내에서도 미국 아칸소주 노동부가 지원하는 원스톱 커리어센터 제도를 도입하여 국제결혼 이민자들에게 언어교육, 법률지원, 직업교육, 귀 ... According to Korea’s current international marriage system, the foreign spouse of an international marriage while staying overseas must go through the marriage registration process by the Korean spouse. The reality is that a foreign spouse can only find out information about the Korean spouse’s living environment after marriage by entering Korea. The fact that a foreign spouse can only find out important matters that can influence the decision to get married after marriage by entering Korea is a potential source of conflict in marriage. In fact, if a foreign spouse is denied entry into the country, there is a risk of human rights violations due to the absurdity that a married couple recognized by domestic law of Korea cannot live together in marriage. This article discusses the most urgent ways to improve the international marriage system to protect foreign spouses and maintain healthy international marriages by focusing on the U.S. legal system. In details, chapter II introduces the U.S. family relationship registration system and international marriage immigrant settlement support system. Chapter III briefly examines international marriage-related laws in Korea. Chapter IV discusses problems with Korea’s current international marriage system and suggests improvement measures in the three areas below. First of all, as a matter of providing personal information, in order for foreign spouses to be provided with accurate personal information about their Korean spouses, which can influence their choice of marriage partner, this article propose the following four improvement measures. First, by mandating international marriage brokers to provide the foreign spouse who is a party to an international marriage with the personal information of the Korean spouse that may influence the selection of a marriage partner, domestic violence that occurs against a foreign spouse who is married or engaged to a Korean spouse is prevented. Second, because the personal information of the parties involved in an international marriage is very sensitive information to each individual, it is reasonable to directly stipulate in the Marriage Brokerage Act that the parties to an international marriage are also required to prohibit the disclosure of personal information about the other party. Third, it imposes civil and criminal liability for non-disclosure of personal information and duty of care on international marriage brokers. Fourth, it is to make public institutions responsible for the personal information of international marriage parties. Next is the problem area related to the domestic immigration visa system. If the U.S. fiancé visa (K1) system is introduced, it would be reasonable to use the fiancé visa system to enter the country and complete the marriage ceremony and marriage registration after sufficiently exchanging information and building trust between the prospective spouses. Lastly, there is the area of support for the settlement of international marriage immigrants. In Korea, it is necessary to introduce a one-stop career center system supported by the Arkansas Department of Labor to provide service support such as language education, legal support, vocational education, and naturalization information to immigrants through international marriages. In addition, if the court interpretation agency system under the U.S. state courts is introduced in Korea, when a married immigrant files a lawsuit over a green card or divorce issue, she can request free interpretation provided by the court and translate into the foreign spouse’s own language to facilitate the litigation process.

혼인중개계약의 효력과 국제결혼관리제도의 합리적 개선방안

孫京贊 ( Son Kyoung Chan ) 법조협회 2019 법조 Vol.68 No.5

This research is to study the effects of marriage mediation contract and to suggest the reasonable improvement plan of the international marriage management policy. Marriage mediation contract is not a typical contract under civil law. Although the mediation contract has been regulated referring to German and Swiss law in a civil law amendment, marriage mediation contract has been excluded in the revised version after the discussion. Therefore, the effect of the marriage mediation contract was recognized by the provisions of civil delegation and the provisions of Act On The Regulation Of Standardized Contracts. Then, in 2007, Act On The Regulation Of Marriage Brokerage Businesses has been established and marriage mediation contract, especially international marriage mediation contract, became under the control and supervision of the country. The problem is the difference in the validity of the contract between Korea and other countries. Although the international marriage mediation contract for commercial purpose is valid in Korea according to Act On The Regulation Of Marriage Brokerage Businesses, it is illegal in Vietnam, China, and other countries and the mediating agents can receive criminal punishments. In order to solve this problem, the governing law theory of the international private law can be applied. In other words, ① the governing law to judge the effects of international mediation contract can be solved by rules of conflict of laws and ② the governing law becomes Vietnamese or Chinese law. ③ But if those laws violate the public orders and good faiths of Republic of Korea, the law of Republic of Korea is applied instead of the law of Vietnamese or Chinese. ④ Prohibiting marriage brokerage can violate the public orders and good faiths, ⑤ so the marriage mediation contract is effective in principle according to Act On The Regulation Of Marriage Brokerage Businesses. Therefore, as long as it is not an contra bonos mores, the effect of marriage mediation contract is valid as a rule. After the establishment Act On The Regulation Of Marriage Brokerage Businesses in 2007, the international marriage management policy kept strengthening the regulation and punishment. In particular, the Regulations on Disclosing Personal Information, registration policy of brokers, requirement of minimum capital of 100 million won, facility standard requirements and broker education system are meaningful in that they minimize side effects of international marriage. However, obligating the Regulations on Disclosing Personal Information at the timing of ‘first meeting’ dose not coincide with the actual international marriage and it may have privacy issues as well as potential conflict with Vietnam’s local law, which requires the groom’s name in the marriage certificate. Therefore, the international marriage process need to be divided into two stages: ‘meeting stage’ and ‘marriage stage’. In ‘meeting stage’, only ‘confirmation of personal information’ should be provided, and in ‘marriage stage’, the original and translated version of personal information should be provided. Together with this, it should be under law that Korean man must fly overseas at least twice at ‘meeting stage’ and ‘marriage stage.’ In addition, it makes sense to separate the total costs into the costs of the ‘meeting stage’ and the costs of the ‘marriage stage’ by revising the standard agreement of Fare Trade Commission. It is also necessary for the country to recognize international marriage brokerage and to recognize an international marriage broker as a legal occupation. Since 2014, the immigration law has strengthened the criteria for screening marriage immigrant visas (F-6). Income and housing requirements for Korean man were added, and the Korean language skills were also required for foreign woman. However, the legal provisions that refuse to issue a visa ‘if the inviter invites another spouse within the last five years’ need to be revised. If a divorce is caused by a foreign spouse’s fault, it will harm the Korean male, and this provision is unconstitutional against the spirit of the Constitution. And fiance visa system needs to be introduced. In connection with dividing the marriage brokerage process into the meeting stage and the marriage stage, it is an idea to minimize the risk of international marriages if the foreign women can visit Korea on a fiance visa in the process of preparing for marriage. Now, we should not approach the international marriage management policy in terms of 'reinforcement' and 'relaxation' of regulation, but should consider and approach what is 'reasonable' improvement plan.

국제혼인의 파탄사유에 관한 실증적 고찰

한숙희(Han, Sook-Hee) 한국가족법학회 2010 가족법연구 Vol.24 No.1

The aim of this study was to examine the breakoff of international marriages empirically. For this, the investigator looked into divorce through the statistical data of international divorce in 2007. In addition, the investigator examined basic data of Supreme Court’s 100 judicial decisions of international marriage lawsuits which were registered on the decision making management system of the Supreme Court and then concretely analyzed the cause of international marriage breakoff by dividing it into annulment and divorce. As for the reason of breakoff of international marriage, there are such reasons of annulment as the withdrawal of marriage intention due to not receiving the certificate of marriage, running away from home after entering a country, and denial of entrance into a country. In the number of annulment cases actual reasons are all false marriages. As for the divorce cases of which plaintiff is a Korean, the general reasons are defendant’s running away from home after entering Korea, rejection of visa issue, and denial of admission into Korea. As for the divorce cases of which plaintiff is a male foreigner, the main reasons are such problems as related to money, the extension of length of one’s visit, and verbal violence. As for the divorce cases of which plaintiff is a female Chinese, the most frequent reasons are the exaction of money and its incidental violence and running away, and it is followed by violence, threat, and nonfulfillment of cohabitation obligation. As for the divorce cases of which plaintiff is a female Korean, there are such main reasons as the rejection of visa issue, conflicts due to language barrier and personality difference, violence, and morbid suspicion about wife’s chastity. As for the appeal divorce cases, there are such complex reasons as not returning home after employment on the pretext of commuting troubles after the period of occasional homecoming, avoidance of childbirth on the pretext of husband’s economic power, denial of sexual relations with the reason of fatigue, Korean male’s interests in foreign wife’s income, conflicts with woman’s parents-in-law, attempts of sexual relations against spouse’s intention, and making an illegal emigrant by reporting as running away from home though one leaves home temporarily.

국제결혼에 대한 국가 통제의 원인 고찰: 캄보디아 국제결혼이주에 대한 규제를 중심으로

김민지 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2019 탈경계인문학 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 국가가 개인에 대해 이주 통제를 하는 이유와 과정을캄보디아의 국제결혼 규제사례를 통해 살펴보는 사례 연구를 하는 것이다. 본 연구는 이주의 한 유형으로써 국제결혼을 통한 이주문제를 사례로정한다. 결혼은 개인의 사적인 영역으로 인식되지만 사회의 기초 단위를구성한다는 점에서 사회적 영역이기도 하다. 또한 결혼의 잠정적 전제가배우자와의 공식적 동거라는 점에서 국제결혼은 어느 한 쪽 혹은 둘 모두의이주를 전제로 한다. 따라서 국제결혼의 경우 결혼과 다르게 이주문제로서함께 고려되어야 한다. 특히 최근 아시아 여성들의 국제결혼을 통한 이주는단순히 개인의 사적인 문제를 넘어 유행하고 있는 사회적 현상이며, 국가가개인의 이주에 개입하려는 경향이 증가하고 있는 추세다. 캄보디아는 2008년 결혼중개업체에 의한 중매결혼을 금지하고, 「캄보디아 국민과 외국인간 결혼의 방식 및 절차에 관한 시행령」을 제정하였다. 그리고 2011년 해당 시행령에 캄보디아 여성과 결혼하려는 외국인 남성에게소득기준과 나이 등의 자격 기준을 두어 국제결혼에 대한 규정을 강화하였다. 캄보디아 정부의 이와 같은 규제는 일차적으로 중개인을 통한 국제결혼의 사례 중 일부가 인신매매의 성격이 있는 것으로 판단됨에 따라, 이를방지하고 자국민을 보호하기 위한 조치로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 한 가지의요인만으로 캄보디아의 국제결혼 규제를 모두 설명할 수 없다. 처음 캄보디아 정부가 국제결혼과 관련한 정책을 마련하겠다고 한 이후 지금의 정책이시행되기까지 3년이 걸렸는데, 정책의 방향은 혼인신고 절차를 개선하는방법에서 국가가 배우자의 자격을 규제하는 방법으로 바뀌었다. 따라서본 연구는 최초 정책의 필요성을 인지하고 지금까지의 과정과 내용의 변화를살펴봄으로써 어떤 요인들이 정책결정에 영향을 미쳤는지를 살펴본다. 본 연구의 종속변수는 캄보디아 정부의 국제결혼에 대한 규제정책의시행이다. 그 과정에서 대외적 요인과 사회적 요인, 상황적 요인, 조직적요인에 영향을 받았다. 좀 더 구체적으로 국제사회의 압력과 인구-사회적 구조, 국제결혼에 대한 상황적 추세 반영, 내부적 정책 방향으로 나누어진다. 본 연구의 사례는 송출국에서 자국민의 이주를 통제하지만 그 실질적인통제의 대상은 이를 초청하려는 외국인이라는 점에서 특이성을 가진다. 따라서 외교적으로 민감한 사안이 될 수도 있다. 본 사례는 정책결정과정에서 국가의 조직적 특성으로 인해 결정과정과 내용에 한계가 있음을 지적한다. 국제결혼을 하는 자국 여성들은 거의 이주를 전제로 하며, 정책의미완된 부분은 국제관계 속에서 상대국 정책이 마련됨으로서 상호보완될 수 있다. 최근 아시아지역 여성들의 국제결혼이주가 이주의 유형으로서분명한 특성을 지니고 있고, 송출국들이 비슷한 문제와 통제방식을 가지고있는 추세이기 때문에 본 규제사례는 연구 사례로서 의미를 지닌다. The purpose of this paper is to look into the reasons behind a state’s’controls on individual’s migration and its control mechanism, based on the case study on Cambodia’s regulation on international marriage. This study took migration via international marriage as a form of migration. Marriage is often considered as the realm of private sphere, but it also belongs to the social realm because family created by marriage is the fundamental unity of a society. In addition, the tacit premise of marriage, which is an official cohabitation with a spouse, dictates that in case of international marriage one or both of the couple might immigrate to a different country. Therefore international marriage needs to be differentiated from the other forms of marriage and should be considered as a migration issue. In particular, the recent increase of international marriage of Asian women and their migration makes this social phenomenon, as one which goes beyond an individual’s private choice, and this condition prompts states to search for intervention measures. In 2008, Cambodian government banned arranged marriage by agencies and enacted the ‘Sub-Decree N.183 on Regulating Formalities and Procedures for Marriage between Cambodian Citizens and Foreigners.’ In 2011, the government even further toughened its regulation on international marriage, by adding eligibility clause in the decree for foreign males who would wish to wed Cambodian women, which stipulates that those males should meet certain requirements such as income level and age. These regulations could be interpreted as the state’s measure to prevent human trafficking in the form of international marriage, as were found in some cases, and to protect its nationals. However, this one element would not suffice to explain all aspects of the Cambodian government’s regulation on international marriage. Since the government’s announcement on measures to address international marriage issue, it had taken three years before the current policy took form and fully implemented, during which the policy direction has changed from a form of improving marriage registration procedure to state’s intervention in limiting eligibility of spouses. Therefore, this thesis looked into how the government came to acknowledge the need for the policy in the beginning and how polices have evolved in the form and contents, and what elements have affected the policy making process. The dependent variable in this study is the implementation of regulations on international marriage by Cambodian government, which has been affected by external, social, circumstantial and organizational factors. More specifically, these factors are categorized into pressure from international community, demographic-social structure, international marriage trend, and internal policy directions. The cases in this study have a distinguishing characteristic in the fact that, although the state controls the emigration of its nationals, the actual control targets foreigners who want to initiate the emigration, which can potentially cause diplomatic tension. This study points out that a state’s organizational attributes could limit the policy making process and its results. Most of females in home country who intend to marry different nationals assume they will immigrate to their spouses’ countries, and gaps in the policies can be complemented by enactment of regulations or rules in the counterpart’s country in the context of international relations. The regulation case in Cambodia has meaningful implications in policy making as emigration of Asian women via international marriage has emerged as a distinct form of migration, and many more their countries have experienced common issues stemmed from the migration, and have attempted similar ways of control.

국제결혼 한국남성들의 결혼해체 경험 연구

채순옥,한재희 한국상담학회 2014 상담학연구 Vol.15 No.5

This study is phenomenological research about the damage experience from marital dissolution of Korean men who had international marriage. There have been many studies about married immigrant women, but this study attempted to reveal the experience of marital dissolution of Korean men vividly and clearly in the position of Korean men who selected international marriage. For this, this study had in-depth interviews with 13 Korean men who had international marriage for the motive of international marriage, psychological phenomenon for dissolution process of marriage, and their lives after dissolution of marriage. As a result of the analysis with the Colaizzi's phenomenological research methodology, the Korean men who experienced marital dissolution after international marriage first selected international marriage with desperate hope for a happy family unlike the existing results that Korean men selected international marriage for instrumental purpose. But they experienced marital dissolution due to the reasons of wife's elopement, extramarital affair and the return to their countries with no entry to Korea. And due to marital dissolution, the participants were experiencing complex negative feelings and physical symptoms such as a sense of loss, despair, powerlessness, shame, fear, resentment, guilty. In particular, men who had international marriage had the characteristics of strong depression and anger experiences about their country, society, the press and international matchmaking agencies in the process of dissolution of marriage. This study revealed that not only immigrant women but also Korean men who had international marriage can be victims. From this study, we found that Korean men who had international marriage experienced pains for marriage dissolution and wills for recovery simultaneously after dissolution of marriage. Based on there results, we suggested discussion and suggestion for follow-up study. 본 연구는 국제결혼 한국남성들의 결혼해체 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구이다. 지금까지 국제결혼 관련 선행연구들은 결혼 이주여성의 입장에서 이루어진 것이 많았으나, 본 연구는 국제결혼 한국남성들의 결혼해체 경험을 남성의 입장에서 생생하고 명확하게 드러내고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 국제결혼 한국남성 13명을 대상으로 국제결혼을 선택한 동기와 결혼해체과정에서의 심리적 현상, 결혼해체 후의 삶에 대한 심층적인 탐색이 이루어졌다. 심층 면담한 자료를 Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구방법으로 분석한 결과, 국제결혼 후 결혼해체를 경험한 한국남성들의 결혼 동기는 국제결혼을 도구적인 목적으로 선택한다는 기존 연구결과와는 달리 일반적인 남성들과 동일하게 행복한 가정에 대한 간절한 소망을 가지고 국제결혼을 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이들은 아내의 가출, 외도, 본국으로의 귀국, 미 입국 등의 사유로 결혼이 해체되었고, 이로 인해 상실감, 절망감, 무력감, 수치심, 두려움, 원망감, 자책감 등의 매우 복합적인 부정적 감정과 신체적 증상을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 국제결혼 한국남성들은 결혼해체를 통해 국가와 사회, 언론과 결혼중개업체에 대한 강렬한 억울함과 분노감을 경험하는 것이 매우 특징적인 현상으로 드러났다. 이로써 본 연구에서는 결혼 이주여성만이 피해자가 아니라 국제결혼을 한 한국남성들 역시 피해자일 수 있음을 밝힐 수 있었다. 또한 국제결혼 한국남성들은 결혼해체 이후에 결혼해체의 고통 속에서 시간이 경과하며 회복의 의지를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 하여 논의와 후속연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.

국제결혼중개계약과 혼인신고의 문제점과 해결방안

강승묵(Kang, Seung-Mook) 한양법학회 2016 漢陽法學 Vol.27 No.3

Korea has made great advances in the success of the industrialization. As a result, the marriage problem of rural bachelor"s issue of the impact of urbanization and the shortage of workers could have been a problem since the mid-1980s. The international marriage has increased as a way to solve the bachelor"s marriage. This trend was caused by the company to arrange the international marriage. The international marriage brokerage company that was caused by this phenomenon. However, the brokering companies that international marriage had caused many problems in the pursuit of profit. This paper try to solve the problem of marriage registration in international marriage and international marriage brokerage. In Chapter 2 is about problems of international marriages and international marriage brokers problems that appear in the statistics. Chapter 3 presents the concrete problems of improvement marriage brokerage. Chapter 4 study of a new legislative model, research on international marriage brokerage in Taiwan. A Study on the marriage registration associated with an international marriage in chapter 5. The State intervention should be minimized to the marriage, but because of the personal damage is enormous, international marriage brokerage must have intervened significantly. There are way international marriage brokers it is to amend the current law to be improved and now two ways to establish a public foundation. This should be the choice of which system will be determined in the future by a lot of discussion and research. Marriage registration should the formal qualification not practical. Only so, disguised marriage will be prevented.

농촌지역 다문화가족 폭력피해로 본 국제결혼의 문제와 대안

배영동 ( Bae Young-dong ) 남도민속학회 2024 남도민속연구 Vol.49 No.-

이 연구는 농촌지역의 한국 남성과 동남아시아 출신 여성의 국제결혼 가족이 해체상황에 직면한 경우 그 근본적인 원인이 국제결혼의 방식에 있음을 지적하고 대안을 모색하려는 것이다. 문제가 되는 국제결혼 부부의 사례를 보니, 남성이 여성보다 20살 이상 많아서 양자는 문화 차이와 세대 차이를 동시에 겪고 있다. 또한 남성은 한국 농촌 노총각이고, 여성은 동남아시아 출신으로 결혼을 하여 평소 동경하던 한국에서 살겠다는 생각이 강했다. 그러나 국제결혼은 서로에 대한 구체적인 정보도 없이 짧은 기간에 성사되고 있으며, 이것이 국제결혼 가정에 갈등과 폭력을 불러오는 매우 중요한 원인이다. 따라서 국제결혼으로 결성된 가족의 해체 문제는 기본적으로 자본주의체제와 세계체제의 만남으로 형성된 결혼의 파열음이다. 그러한 상황에서는 남성과 여성이 성장한 국가의 언어ㆍ사회ㆍ문화가 다르고, 세대차이가 커서 건전한 가정으로 회복되기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 국제결혼은 두 국가의 사회와 문화의 특성에 대해서 당사자들이 충분히 이해하고 고려하는 가운데 점진적으로 추진되어야 한다. 농촌지역 다문화가족의 폭력피해를 줄이기 위해서는 국제결혼에 대한 진지한 반성과 검토가 필요하다. 첫째, 국제결혼이라는 사회문화 제도에 대한 원론적 이해가 중요하다. 둘째, 국제결혼 이주여성 폭력피해의 문제는 국가와 사회의 문제로 인식돼야 한다. 셋째, 국가적 차원에서 국제결혼의 장단점과 실상을 정확히 알려야 한다. 그리고 상대국의 언어뿐만 아니라 국제결혼을 희망하는 남성과 여성을 위한 사회ㆍ문화 교육이 모국에서 장기간 이루어져야 한다. 국제결혼의 폐해를 최소화하기 위해서는 국가 차원에서 제도적 여건을 마련할 필요가 있다. 구체적으로는 국제결혼중개업체가 중개 활동에 책임을 지고 국제결혼 부부를 장기간 관리하게 함으로써 신뢰성을 구축하도록 해야 한다. 또한 국제결혼 부부를 대상으로 하는 주기적 상담과 실효성 있는 교육을 장기적으로 정례화해야 가족 간 갈등과 사회문제가 감소할 것이다. 그 밖에도 양국의 언어ㆍ사회ㆍ문화에 대한 남성과 여성 사이의 교차 교육이 이루어져야 한다. 왜냐하면 여성은 한국의 언어와 전통적인 사회ㆍ문화를, 남성은 여성 모국의 언어와 사회ㆍ문화를 알아야 부부간의 문화충돌을 줄일 수 있고 상호이해가 수월해지기 때문이다. 따라서 한국 사회와 문화 교육에서는 가부장적 사회구조의 유습과 그에 관련된 성역할, 소속집단 사람들과 함께하는 공동체문화를 중요하게 포함해야 옳다. This study points out that the breakup of families of international marriages between Korean men and women from Southeast Asia in rural areas is fundamentally caused by the method in which international marriages are arranged and seeks alternatives. Case observations of international marriages showed that the men are over 20 years older than the women, causing both to experience generational differences on top of cultural differences. The men are old bachelors living in rural areas and the women are from Southeast Asia, so the women strongly feel that after they get married, they should live in Korea, which they have always admired. However, international marriages are taking place in a short period of time without any specific information being shared between the men and the women of the two countries, and this is a very important cause of conflict and violence in families of international marriages. This is basically the bursting sound of marriage formed by a meeting of a capitalist system and a world system. Such situations make it difficult to form a healthy family as the language, society, and culture of the countries where the men and women grew up are different, and there is too much of a generational difference as well. Therefore, international marriages should take place gradually with the parties fully understanding and considering the characteristics of the society and culture of their two countries. In order to reduce the violence in multicultural families in rural areas, there must be some serious reflection and a review of international marriages. First, it is important to understand the social and cultural system of international marriage. Second, the problem of violence to migrant women in international marriages should be recognized as a problem for the state and society. Third, it is necessary to provide accurate information on the strengths and weaknesses and the reality of international marriages at a national level. Also, men and women who want to marry internationally must participate in social and cultural education and learn the language of the other country for a long time in their home country. International marriage brokers should establish trust on a national level and they should be responsible for brokerage activities and institutionalized to manage international marriage couples for a long time in order to minimize the harmful effects of international marriage. Additionally, family conflicts and social issues will decrease only when the state regularly provides periodic counseling and effective education to couples of international marriage over a long period of time. Couples of international marriages should be educated so the men and women can learn the language, society, and culture of each other’s country. This is due to the fact that women need to know the Korean language and traditional society and culture, and men need to know the language and culture of their spouse’s motherland to reduce cultural conflicts between couples and facilitate mutual understanding. Therefore, education on Korean society and culture should include the traditions of patriarchal social structures, related gender roles, and community culture shared with people in their groups.

국제사법상 혼인성립과 그 흠결에 관한 준거법의 문제

조은희 ( Cho Eun-hee ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2024 국제법무 Vol.16 No.1

As the number of international marriages increases, the international legal implications of international marriage are becoming more important. In this paper, we looked at the legal issues governing the substantive establishment of international marriage and the formal establishment requirements. If the parties to a marriage have different nationalities, according to private international law, the marriage can take place within the country or abroad. The substantive conditions for establishing a marriage are the law of each party’s home country, and the formal conditions for establishment are the law of the place of marriage and the law of one party’s home country. As such, various legal problems arise. In this paper, these matters were comprehensively reviewed, while some were examined in detail and examples of German law were referred to. The most controversial issue in the requirements for the actual establishment of marriage is the agreement of the intention to marry. Accordingly, the problem of one-sided or two-sided marriage impediment, the problem of deficiencies in the requirements for the establishment of marriage, and the confirmation of marriage invalidity were examined. Regarding this issue, the recent Supreme Court decision (Supreme Court decision 2017meu1224, pronounced on January 27, 2022) has a different interpretation from the academic theory, so this was reviewed in more detail. Although private international law does not stipulate the governing law for defects in the establishment of marriage, it was deemed appropriate to apply Article 63, Paragraph 1 of private international law by analogy and view it from a dual perspective. Meanwhile, under international private law, a marriage between parties who wish to marry is a valid marriage in a foreign country, and as long as the marriage does not violate public order and morals, it should be recognized as a marriage. Accordingly, the Immigration Control Act is designed to prevent pretend marriages according to national policy. Excessive intervention by the council was deemed unreasonable.

국제혼인에 대한 재판상의 대응과 그 가정의 해체에 따른 문제

임영수(Lim, Yeong Soo) 국민대학교 법학연구소 2015 법학논총 Vol.27 No.3

본고는 우리나라의 국제혼인에 대한 재판상(헌법재판소 결정 및 각급법원의 판결)의 대응내용을 살펴보고, 국제혼인 가정의 해체에 따른 몇 가지 문제에 대하여 개략적인 접근을 해 보았다. 우리법제의 재판상의 대응으로써 우리 헌법재판소는 혼인이주자의 초청, 사증신청, 정착, 직업의 자유와 관련한 사항들에서 그리고 법원은 국적회복, 체류자격, 국제결혼중개업체에 대한 책임 등의 영역에서 혼인이주자 보호에 적극으로 대응하고 있음 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 국제혼인 가정의 해체와 관련하여는 가정해체 현황을 통해 우리나라에서 국제이혼의 비율 및 이혼방법 등에 대하여 살펴보았고, 아직까지 통계적 접근이 이루어지지 않은 가정의 해체사유에 대해서도 간략하게 접근해 보았다. 아울러 국제이혼 당사자를 4가지로 유형화 해 보고, 외국에서 성립된 협의이혼에 대한 우리나라의 수리불가 문제에 대하여도 고민해 보았다. 또한 국적미취득 혼인이주자의 체류상 지위에 관하여 출입국관리법 상의 규정을 통해 살펴보고, 계속 체류를 위해서는 재판상 이혼을 해야만 하는 상황에 대하여 문제를 제기하였다. 특히, 국제혼인 가정이 해체되면서 발생되고 있는 혼인이주자의 체류권, 국제이혼 사건의 송달절차의 간소화, 자녀에 대한 친권 및 양육권을 아동의 해외이송 문제에 대하여 고민해 보고 개략적인 개선 방안을 제시해 보았다. This study examined the response of Korean legal system to the factors leading to the increase in international marriage nationwide with a focus on the rulings of the Constitutional Court and judicial branch in legislative and judicial context and looked into several issues and problems arising from the breakdown of families formed by international marriage. In relation to the legislative response of Korean judicial system, it was found that the protection of marriage immigrants was extended even to those who had already been naturalized as Korean citizens through acquisition of nationality as a result of naturalization permit. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court of Korea confirmed positive protection of marriage immigrants in connection with invitation of marriage immigrants, visa application, settlement, occupational freedom, and realms of nationality recovery, residence status, and responsibility of international marriage brokers, etc., regarding the judicial response. Meanwhile, we examined the ratio of international divorce, divorce procedures, etc., in Korea in relation to the breakdown of families formed by international marriage and briefly looked into the circumstances leading to the breakdown of families which is not covered by statistical data. Furthermore, we typified the parties of international divorce into 4 categories and considered the nation"s rejection of "divorce by mutual consent" which was accepted as valid in overseas countries. In addition, we considered the residence status of marriage immigrants who did not acquire nationality from the perspective of Immigration Control Act and raised issue with judicial divorce required for continuation of residence. In particular, we looked into the jurisdiction of international divorce resulting from the breakdown of families formed by international marriage, residence right of marriage immigrants, simplification of dispatch procedures for international divorce case, parental right to children, custody, and child abduction.

국제결혼중개업법과 결혼이주여성의 인권보호

조홍석 ( Hong-suck Cho ) 한국법정책학회 2020 법과 정책연구 Vol.20 No.4

Since the difficulties that marriage migrant women face in Korea will come to us at a greater social cost, existing systems and laws will ensure stable settlement of international marriage migrant women in Korea and prevent human rights violations from occurring in the process. Improving this is emerging as a new social problem. First, we look at the reality of international marriage brokerage and international marriage. Next, the contents and problems of the current International Marriage Brokerage Act were reviewed. Finally, the protection of the human rights of immigrant women in international marriage was examined, and the following conclusions were drawn. It is to improve the practice of international marriage, which is too fast. In the case of international marriage, the factors of conflict are very diverse. Exchanges with outsiders who can ask for help and a systematic network are needed. The problem of marriage immigrant women should not be viewed as a problem of an independent personality, rather than a family. The problem of immigrant women in international marriage should consist of continuous monitoring, rapid response and simplification of the reporting system, job placement and medical services. Measures to protect and support multicultural families should be made through organic cooperation between the state and local governments.