해외여행보험에 대한 소비자의 지식, 태도 및 요구

이경미(Lee, Kyung-mi),조미란(Jo, Mi-ran),정순희(Joung, Soon-hee) 한국소비문화학회 2016 소비문화연구 Vol.19 No.1

해외여행에 대한 소비자의 관심과 행동이 점차 증가 및 활성화됨에 따라, 소비자 문제 또한 다각도에서 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 해외여행보험에 대한 소비자의 지식, 태도 및 요구 조사를 바탕으로 소비자 권익을 제고하고 향후 해외여행보험 관련 제도의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 해외여행보험을 인지하고 있는 성인 255명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해외여행보험에 대한 소비자의 지식은 바람직한 수준에 미치지 못하는편이다. 둘째, 해외여행보험에 대한 소비자의 태도는 긍정적인 편이다. 셋째, 해외여행보험에 대한 소비자의 요구도는 보상 지급의 신속성, 정확한 약관 안내, 상품 선택의 다양화 등에서 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 응답자의 일반적특성 중 ‘연령, 직업, 학력, 해외여행보험에 대한 정보 출처’에 따라 해외여행보험에 대한 소비자 지식수준이 다르게 나타났고, ‘직업, 학력, 해외여행보험 평균 가입 금액, 가입 동기’에 따라 해외여행보험에 대한 소비자 태도가 다르게 나타났다. 또한 해외여행보험에 대한 소비자 태도가 부정적일수록 소비자의 요구도가 높아졌다. 이상을 종합해볼 때, 설문된 문항 중 정답률이 낮은 질문들을 중심으로 한 소비자 교육과 명확한 정보 제공의의무화, 보험금 지급 절차 간소화, 보험 상품의 다양성 확보 등이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 나아가, 보험사와 여행사뿐만 아니라 관련 민간소비자단체 및 정부부처 등의 관심과 개입이 요구된다. With the gradual increase and invigoration of consumers' behavior and interest in overseas travel, consumer problems are occurring from various angles. Therefore, this study aims to improve consumer rights and interests and to present a direction of overseas travel insurancerelated system, based on a survey on knowledge, attitudes and demands of consumers for overseas travel insurance. For achieving this purpose, a survey with 255 adults, who recognize overseas travel insurance, was conducted. The study findings are as follows. First, knowledge of consumers about overseas travel insurance was not proper. Second, attitudes of consumers towards overseas travel insurance were positive. Third, demands of consumers for overseas travel insurance were quickness of compensation, accurate guide on insurance terms, diversification of goods choices, ect. Fourth, the level of knowledge of consumers about overseas travel insurance varied depending on the ‘age, job, academic background and information sources of overseas travel insurance’ and attitudes of consumers towards overseas travel insurance varied depending on the ‘job, academic background, average amount of overseas travel insurance, and insurance motivation’ among general characteristics of respondents. Also, consumers' demands rose, as consumers were negative about overseas travel insurance. In conclusion, these results imply that there is a need to implement consumer education focusing on the questions with a low percentage of correct answers, to make it mandatory to provide clear information, to simplify the procedure of insured amount and to verify insurance goods. Furthermore, not only insurance companies and travel companies but also private consumer organizations and government ministries need to show interest and intervene in this issue.

한국을 포함한 보험선진국의 보험수요 결정요인 분석

신종협 ( Jong Hyup Shin ),서대교 ( Dai Gyo Seo ) 보험연구원 2009 보험금융연구 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 보험선진국과 한국의 보험수요 결정요인을 각각 패널 모형과 OLS 모형을 사용하여 분석한 다음, 이들 분석결과를 이용하여 한국과 보험선진국 간 보험수요 결정요인의 상이점을 고찰하였다. 생명보험산업의 경우 보험선진국은 기대 인플레이션, 실질이자율, 정치적 권리, 금융시장 발달 정도, 보험가치 등의 변수들이 보험수요에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 한국은 소득수준, 정치적 권리, 노년층 비율, 금융시장 발달 정도 등의 변수가 보험수요 결정에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 손해보험산업의 경우 보험선진국은 소득수준, 실질이자율, 정치적 권리, 도시화 정도, 보험가치 등이 보험수요 결정에 중요한 변수로 작용하였으며, 한국은 소득수준, 기대 인플레이션, 실질이자율, 금융시장 발달 정도 등이 보험수요에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 보험선진국에 있어 생명보험산업과 손해보험산업의 가장 큰 차이점은 소득수준은 손해보험 수요에만, 기대 인플레이션은 생명보험 수요에만 영향을 미친다는 분석결과에서 찾을 수 있다. 한편 보험선진국과 한국은 기대 인플레이션, 실질이자율 등 경제적 변수가 보험수요에 미치는 영향에서 큰 차이점을 보이고 있는데, 이는 한국의 시계열 데이터가 최근 국내 금융시장의 환경변화를 반영할 만큼 충분히 축적되지 못하였기 때문인 것으로 분석된다. 향후 한국의 보험산업도 선진국 패턴을 따라갈 가능성이 높으므로 본 연구의 분석결과를 잘 활용한다면 국내 보험산업의 선진화를 앞당기는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 본다. This paper analyzes the determinants of insurance demand for selected developed countries and Korea using Panel estimation methods or OLS methods. From the empirical results of the paper, we find some differences between the effects of the determinants in selected developed countries and those in korea. In the case of life insurance industry, demand for insurance depends on expected inflation rates, real interest rates, political rights, financial market development, and the price of insurance in developed countries, while it relies on permanent income, old population ratios, political rights, and financial market development in Korea. On the other hand, in the non-life insurance industry, demand for insurance is significantly related to permanent income, real interest rates, political rights, urbanization, and financial market development in developed countries, and it has much to do with permanent income, expected inflation rates, real interest rates, and financial market development in Korea. The biggest difference, in developed countries, between life insurance industry and non-life insurance industry arises from the empirical results that expected inflation rates affects only the demand for life insurance and permanent income influences only the demand for non-life insurance. We might attribute the discrepancy in the effects of economic factors such as expected inflation rates and rel interest rates between developed countries and Korea to the short time series of korean data.

기술위험이 보험수요에 미치는 영향

홍지민 ( Jimin Hong ) 한국보험학회 2023 保險學會誌 Vol.133 No.-

본 연구는 기술 위험이 보험 수요를 증가시키거나 감소시키는 조건을 이론적으로 도출하고 있다. 첫째, 기술이 손실 확률을 감소시키는 경우, 기술의 발전은 절대위험회피성향의 형태에 따라 보험수요를 증가시키거나 감소시킬 수 있다. 기술위험의 존재는 기술 위험이 없는 경우와 비교하여 보험 수요를 변화시킬 수 없었으며, 기술 위험이 평균손실확률을 유지하며 증가하는 경우에도 보험 수요는 변화하지 않았다. 기술 위험이 1차 확률지배를 따라 개선되는 경우에도 보험 수요는 항상 감소한다고 할 수 없다. 둘째, 기술이 손실 크기를 감소시키는 경우, 기술의 발전은 보험 수요를 감소시킨다. 기술 위험의 존재는 기술 위험이 없는 경우와 비교하여 효용함수가 신중성을 나타낼 때 보험수요를 증가시켰으며, 이때 기술 위험의 증가 역시 보험 수요를 증가시킨다. 기술 위험이 1차 확률지배를 따라 개선되는 경우 보험 수요는 감소한다. This study theoretically derives conditions under which technology risk increases or decreases insurance demand. First, when technology reduces loss probability, advance in technology leads to higher or lower insurance demand, depending on the shape of absolute risk aversion (ARA). The existence of technology risk does not change insurance demand and an increase in technology risk with a mean preserving stochastic change does not change insurance demand as well. The FOSD (first-order stochastic dominance) improvement in technology risk does not always decrease insurance demand. Second, when technology reduces loss size, advance in technology leads to lower insurance demand. The existence of technology risk and an increase in technology risk leads to higher insurance demand when the preference exhibits prudence. The FOSD improvement in technology risk decreases insurance demand.

모호성 회피성향이 보험 수요에 미치는 영향: 보험금 불확실성을 중심으로

석승훈,홍지민 한국리스크관리학회 2018 리스크 管理硏究 Vol.29 No.4

This study analyzes the effect of ambiguity aversion, along with risk aversion, on insurance demand when consumers are exposed to indemnity uncertainty. In particular, we show that an ambiguity aversion does not always decrease insurance demand while a risk aversion decreases insurance demand under indemnity uncertainty. When consumers are risk averse and ambiguity neutral as in the standard models, insurance demand depends on their prudence and the expected value of indemnity uncertainty. Prudent consumers purchase full insurance when the expected value of indemnity uncertainty is less than or equal to zero and the premium is fair, while imprudent ones purchase partial insurance. Partial insurance may also be optimal when the expected value of uncertainty is greater than zero. Given a risk aversion, we derive conditions under which ambiguity-averse consumers purchase more insurance than ambiguity-neutral ones, when indemnity uncertainty changes in terms of the first- and the second-stochastic dominances. The absolute risk aversion, relative risk aversion, absolute prudence and relative prudence would affect an increase in insurance demand under ambiguity aversion. Lastly, given a risk neutral case, insurance demand is not affected by ambiguity aversion. These findings imply that ambiguity aversion is closely linked to risk aversion.

Product differentiation and corporate demand for insurance in a duopoly model

Kyungsun Kim,Jimin Hong,S. Hun Seog 한국재무학회 2021 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

This study develops a duopoly model with quality and price competition, and investigates the corporate demand for insurance. Our model predicts asymmetric strategic effects of insurance for two firms with different qualities, because the increases in the quality of each firm have opposite effects on the intensity of price competition. We show that lowquality firm has positive strategic effect of insurance, and might purchase insurance, whereas high-quality firm has negative strategic effect of insurance and never purchases insurance if firms are risk-neutral. When firms are risk-averse, however, high-quality firm might also purchase insurance if the cost of risk is sufficiently large, so that the benefit of insurance exceeds the sum of the strategic effect and the cost of insurance. We show that the availability of insurance might raise the quality levels of both firms.

Market analysis of VC insurance

Kang Yi,Wang Guojun 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

VC insurance is still developing slowly even with rapid developments of VC and insurance industries. In this paper the current situation of VC insurance is introduced from points of market demand and supply, and a conclusion is made that VC insurance is in great imbalances with greater demands and less supplies especially for technology and credit risks. Peasons for the demand-supply imbalances in VC insurance are mainly high failure rate of VC and difficulties in innovations management in. Finally, the following propopals are made that both VC and insurance industries should improve the assessment in innovation and strengthern the risk management to promote the VC insurance.

The effect of life insurance settlement on insurance market and consumer welfare

Hong, Jimin The Korean Statistical Society 2020 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.27 No.6

This study investigates the effect of life settlement on the monopolistic insurance market. In particular, we consider liquidity cost, which is the cost incurred to the insurer to meet the request of surrender, and trading cost, which is the transaction cost of the policyholders for the settlement. We first show that the introduction of a life settlement can increase insurance demand and enhance consumer welfare even when the trading cost is higher than the liquidity cost. That is, even if the settlement market is less efficient than the insurance market, both insurance demand and consumer welfare can be increased. Second, the insurer's profit can also be increased when settlement is introduced because not only can the insurer save the liquidity cost but also the demand of insurance increases. Lastly, insurance demand does not always decrease when both costs increase. Depending on the population distribution over the liquidity risk, the demand of insurance can be increased or decreased.

보험 구매에 대한 재고찰: 2시점 모형

석승훈 ( S. Hun Seog ),홍지민 ( Jimin Hong ) 한국보험학회 2017 保險學會誌 Vol.111 No.-

본 연구는 기존 보험경제학의 표준적인 1시점 모형과는 달리 보험 구입과 보험 사고 발생 사이의 시차를 고려한 2시점 모형 하에서의 보험 수요를 살펴본다. 손실 발생 여부는 이항 분포를 따르고 보험시장은 완전 경쟁이라고 가정한다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 표준 모형에서의 보험 구입은 상태 간 한계효용에 따라서 결정되나, 본 연구모형에서의 보험 구입은 시점 간 한계효용의 비교에 따라 결정된다. 이에 따라 현재 및 미래의 부, 할인율 등이 복합적으로 영향을 미치게 된다. 둘째, 표준 모형에서 현재 부의 변화는 효용함수의 위험회피도에 따라 보험의 수요를 증가 또는 감소시킬 수 있었던 반면, 본 연구 모형에 따르면 위험회피도와 상관없이 현재 부의 증가는 보험 구입의 증가를 가져오며 미래 부의 증가는 보험 구입의 감소를 가져왔다. 셋째, 표준 모형에서는 부가보험료의 증가 및 사고확률의 증가가 보험의 수요에 미치는 영향이 명확하지 않았으나 본 연구모형에서는 부가보험료가 증가 및 사고확률의 증가는 보험 수요를 감소시켰다. 이는 부가보험료 및 사고확률의 증가가 보험 구입의 한계비용을 높이는 반면, 보험 구입의 한계편익에는 영향을 미치지 않았기 때문이다. This study analyzes the demand for insurance using a two-time model to consider the time difference between buying insurance and occurring accident, which is in contrast with the standard one-time model. The loss follows a binary distribution and the insurance market is competitive. We first find that the demand for insurance is affected by the interaction between the present and the future marginal utilities as well as wealth and risk aversion, whereas the demand is determined by the marginal utilities of loss and no loss states in the standard model. Second, we show that the increase in the present (future) wealth leads to the increase (decrease, respectively) in the demand for insurance, whereas the effect of the increase in wealth on the demand for insurance is ambiguous in the standard model. Third, both the increases in loading premium and in loss probability lower the demand for insurance, whereas their effects are ambiguous in the standard model. This is because they increase the marginal cost of insurance without affecting its marginal benefit.

제3보험의 가입 요인: 간병보험을 중심으로

박복희 ( Bok-hee Park ),전희주 ( Heuiju Chun ) 한국리스크관리학회 2018 리스크 管理硏究 Vol.29 No.3

고령사회 진입과 소득수준의 향상은 장기 생존 시 필요로 하는 노후 자금과 노후간병기에 대한 필요자금의 준비욕구를 증가 시키고 있다. 본 연구는 장기간병보험 가입자 예측모형 적합을 통해 계약분석을 하였다. 간병보험 가입율은 31.3%로 가입자 1인당 약 1.4건의 계약을 보유하고 있으며 생명보험을 통해서 2배이상 더 많이 가입하고 있었다. 상품유형은 간병보험을 단독으로 보장하는 중점보장형태보다 특약부가 형태를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 다중로지스틱 회귀모형에 의한 분석 결과, 간병보험 가입에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 질병보험 보유이고 두 번째 요인이 상해(재해)보험의 보유이었다. 또한 월 납입보험료가 높은 고객일수록 간병보험 가입가능성이 높아져 간병보험 가입률에 영향을 주지만 연 의료비 지출액은 간병보험 가입률에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 보험소비자의 생활 패턴으로는 규칙적인 운동을 할수록 간병보험 가입 가능성이 높게 나타나 건강한 사람은 역선택이 아닌 순선택(advantageous selection)을 할 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다. 인구통계학적 요인으로는 거주지, 연령, 세대주 유무 순으로 결정되었다. 거주지가 서울, 대구, 광주 지역일수록 세대주일수록 간병보험 가입가능성은 큰 현상을 보였다. 연령은 50대가 간병보험 가입 가능성이 가장 높고 60대 이상과 20대는 낮은 결과를 보였다. 50대의 7천만원~1억원의 소득을 가진 대도시에 거주하는 세대주 그룹을 간병보험 가입자의 특성으로 볼 수 있다. 이들은 규칙적인 운동과 질병보험 가입으로 적극적으로 건강리스크를 관리하고 있다. The entry of the aging society and the improvement of the income level are increasing the need to prepare the necessary funds for nursing the aged and the old age funds needed for long-term survival. In this study, the contract analysis is performed through the fitting of the long-term care insurance buyer forecasting model. The rate of nursing insurance coverage is 31.3%, with 1.4 contracts per person, more than twice as many as life insurance. The product type showed preference to the special supplement type rather than the guarantee type that guarantees the care insurance alone. As a result of the analysis by the multiple logistic regression model, the most important factor for the participation in long-term care insurance is disease insurance and the second factor is injury (accident) insurance. In addition, the higher the monthly premiums, the higher the possibility of joining long-term care insurance, which affects the rate of long-term care insurance coverage. As the life pattern of the insurance consumers, the more likely they are to exercise regularly, the more likely they are to buy long-term care insurance. However, the annual medical expenditure did not affect the long-term care insurance coverage rate. In the life pattern of insurance consumers, the more regular exercise, the higher the possibility of nursing insurance coverage, and the healthy person shows the possibility of making an advantageous selection rather than the adverse selection. Demographic factors were determined by the residence, age, and householder. In Seoul, Daegu and Gwangju regions and case of householder, the possibility of joining long-term care insurance showed a big phenomenon. Age is likely to be in the 30s to 50s for long-term care insurance, but it is lower for those in their 60s and 20s. Householder, lives in a big city with an income of 70,000 and 100 million won in the 30s and 50s and monthly household expenditure premium of over 1 million won can be regarded as a characteristic of long-term care insurance policy contractor. They actively manage health risks through regular exercise and disease insurances.

인슈어테크 도입・활용에 따른 보험법적 문제의 개선방향

고재종 충남대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.34 No.1

InsureTech is a term that combines insurance and technology, and refers to the introduction and utilization of information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence in the insurance field. Until now, the insurance industry has been one of the most conservative financial industries that does not specifically introduce technologies other than IT solutions for management information systems. However, as the introduction and use of InsureTech abroad has increased rapidly in recent years, Korea has also become actively interested. InsureTech-related technologies include IoT, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, etc. and these technologies have been widely introduced and utilized throughout the insurance industry, including insurance product development, marketing, Apply for insurance, insurance contract management, insurance premium calculation and insurance payment, and customer service, etc. Furthermore, new and diverse products such as P2P insurance, on-demand insurance, telematics insurance, and micro insurance have also emerged. However, if these InsureTech is introduced and utilized, it is necessary to review whether there is no problem in the application or interpretation of the current insurance-related laws. Therefore, the framework of this paper is as follows. Chapter 2 introduces various uses of InsureTech and new insurance products that have emerged accordingly. Chapter 3 examines whether the current insurance-related laws can be applied as they are when InsureTech is introduced and utilized in the insurance industry. Chapter 4 reviewed whether the current insurance law regulations can be interpreted as they are. And in the last conclusion, I tried to present an improvement direction for it. As a result of the review, InsureTech is expected to further develop in the future and penetrate the insurance industry deeper. If so, it is judged that active response to this is necessary. Specific and individual improvements have already been mentioned in Chapters 3 and 4 above. In other words, in order to secure the management soundness of insurance companies, the protection of policyholders, and the stability of the financial market, it is necessary to consider revising the provisions of the insurance law and the insurance business law.