Assessment of insect diversity along an altitudinal gradient in Pinderi forests of Western Himalaya, India

Prakash Chandra Joshi,KISHORE KUMAR,Manoj Arya 한국응용곤충학회 2008 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.11 No.1

Insect diversity, richness and abundance were evaluated at different altitudes in three forest habitats in the Western Himalayas. The habitats studied were all situated between 2100 and 3500 m and included a site with no disturbances, a site with a moderate level of disturbance and a site with a very high level of disturbance. The species composition and diversity of insects varied at all the three study sites, which demonstrates the effect of altitude and disturbances, as well as the effects of other ecological and climatic parameters on insect populations. The site at lowest altitude, which contained a moderate level of disturbance, supported the highest number of species (108), whereas the site at the highest altitude, which contained the maximum level of disturbance, supported the lowest number of species (77). When all of the sites were considered, 122 species of insects belonging to 43 families and 8 orders were recorded. Lepidopterawas the most dominant insect order recorded, with 46 species being observed. This was followed by Hymenoptera (20), Coleoptera (18), Orthoptera (12), Hemiptera (10), Odonata (9), Diptera (5) and Dermeptera (2). The most abundant species were Vanessa cashmirensis Fru. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Pieris canidia indica Sparr. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Apis laboriosa Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Anomala dimidiata Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabidae), Chorthipus sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Crocothemis servilia servilia (Drury) (Odonata: Libellulidae) and Syrphus fulvifacies Brunetti (Diptera: Syrphidae). The site at the lowest altitude and the sites with the longest rainy seasons had the highest Shannon–Wiener Diversity. Insect diversity, richness and abundance were evaluated at different altitudes in three forest habitats in the Western Himalayas. The habitats studied were all situated between 2100 and 3500 m and included a site with no disturbances, a site with a moderate level of disturbance and a site with a very high level of disturbance. The species composition and diversity of insects varied at all the three study sites, which demonstrates the effect of altitude and disturbances, as well as the effects of other ecological and climatic parameters on insect populations. The site at lowest altitude, which contained a moderate level of disturbance, supported the highest number of species (108), whereas the site at the highest altitude, which contained the maximum level of disturbance, supported the lowest number of species (77). When all of the sites were considered, 122 species of insects belonging to 43 families and 8 orders were recorded. Lepidopterawas the most dominant insect order recorded, with 46 species being observed. This was followed by Hymenoptera (20), Coleoptera (18), Orthoptera (12), Hemiptera (10), Odonata (9), Diptera (5) and Dermeptera (2). The most abundant species were Vanessa cashmirensis Fru. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Pieris canidia indica Sparr. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Apis laboriosa Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Anomala dimidiata Hope (Coleoptera: Scarabidae), Chorthipus sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Crocothemis servilia servilia (Drury) (Odonata: Libellulidae) and Syrphus fulvifacies Brunetti (Diptera: Syrphidae). The site at the lowest altitude and the sites with the longest rainy seasons had the highest Shannon–Wiener Diversity.

Changes in nocturnal insect communities in forest-dominated landscape relevant to artificial light intensity

이학봉,조용찬,정상우,김윤호,이승규 한국생태학회 2021 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.45 No.4

Background: Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically in the Korea National Arboretum (with no artificial light at night), with that of three nearby urban sites with a gradient of artificial light at night (five locations at each site). We analyzed the effects of the artificial night lighting index, mean annual temperature, and field light intensity (lux) at night on the insect community structure. Results: The urban sites generally exhibited higher species richness and abundance as well as clear indicator species compared with the control site. The size distribution of the collected insects markedly differed between the control and the three urban sites. The abundance of herbivorous and omnivorous insects increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in light intensity. Species richness of herbivorous and omnivorous insects was likely correlated with the field light intensity at night and artificial night lighting index, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the association between nighttime environment and marked changes in insect community structure and revealed consequent transition of ecosystem services by changes in trophic group composition. Background: Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically in the Korea National Arboretum (with no artificial light at night), with that of three nearby urban sites with a gradient of artificial light at night (five locations at each site). We analyzed the effects of the artificial night lighting index, mean annual temperature, and field light intensity (lux) at night on the insect community structure. Results: The urban sites generally exhibited higher species richness and abundance as well as clear indicator species compared with the control site. The size distribution of the collected insects markedly differed between the control and the three urban sites. The abundance of herbivorous and omnivorous insects increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in light intensity. Species richness of herbivorous and omnivorous insects was likely correlated with the field light intensity at night and artificial night lighting index, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the association between nighttime environment and marked changes in insect community structure and revealed consequent transition of ecosystem services by changes in trophic group composition.

Effects of insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) cultivation on non-target insect diversity

오성덕,임명호,이범규,윤도원,손수인,장안철,박순기,서상재 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2018 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.45 No.1

This study was done to develop environmental risk assessments and a biosafety guide for insect-resistant genetically modified rice at a LMO (Living Modified Organism) isolation field. In the LMO quarantine area of Kyungpook National University, the species diversities and population densities of non-target insects found on insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) resistant to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and on non-GM rices (Dongjin and Ilmi) were investigated. The Bt-9 event was therefore evaluated under field conditions to detect possible impacts on the above ground insects and spiders. The study compared transgenic rice and two non-GM reference rices, Ilmi and Dongjin, at Gunwi in Southern Korea in 2016. Each rice was grown on three 18 m2 plots with a randomized block design. A total of 4,243 individuals from 43 families and 9 orders were collected from the LMO isolation field. In the three types of rice fields, a total of 1,467 individuals from the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9), 1,423 individuals from the Ilmi, and 1,353 individuals from the Dongjin were collected, respectively. There was no difference between the population densities of the non-target insect pests, natural enemies and other insects on the insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-9) and non-GM rices. These results provide the diversity and population density of non-target insects for an environment risk assessment survey on insectresistant genetically modified rice and could be used as a guideline to make a biosafety assessment method for genetically modified crops.

LMO 격리 포장에서 해충저항성벼(Bt-T)가 비표적 곤충다양성에 미치는 영향

오성덕,박수윤,장안철,임명호,박순기,서상재 한국육종학회 2018 한국육종학회지 Vol.50 No.4

This study was conducted to develop environmental risk assessments and biosafety guides for insect-resistant genetically modified rice in an LMO (Living Modified Organism) isolation field. In the LMO quarantine area of Kyungpook National University, the species diversities and population densities of non-target insects found on insect-resistant genetically modified rice (Bt-T), rice resistant to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and non-GM rice (Dongjin-byeo and Ilmi-byeo) were investigated. The Bt-T plants were, therefore, evaluated under field conditions to detect possible impacts on above ground insects and spiders. In 2016 and 2017, the study compared transgenic rice and two non-GM reference rice, namely Dongjin-byeo and Ilmi-byeo, at Gunwi. A total of 9,552 individuals from 51 families and 11 orders were collected from the LMO isolation field. From the three types of rice fields, a total of 3,042; 3,212; and 3,297 individuals from the Bt-T, Dongjin-byeo, and Ilmi-byeo were collected, respectively. There was no difference between the population densities of the non-target insect pests, natural enemies, and other insects on the Bt-T compared to non-GM rice. The data on insect species population densities were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) without distinguishing between the three varieties, namely GM, non-GM, and reference cultivar, in all cultivation years. However, the PCA clearly separated the samples based on the cultivation years. These results suggest that insect species diversities and population densities during plant cultivation are determined by environmental factors (growing condition and seasons) rather than by genetic factors.

Introduction and application of a composite insect trap for the National Ecosystem Survey of Korea

Han Yong‐Gu,Hong Eui jeong,Kim Do‐Sung,Kim Chulgoo,Cha Jin Yeol 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.10

This study aimed to establish the best applicable method for the National Ecosystem Survey (NES) guidelines by (i) verifying the efficiency of an insect trap that combined the Malaise trap, flight intercept trap, and pitfall trap (MFP trap) as part of the improvement for the terrestrial insect field in the fifth NES, and (ii) comparing the result with the currently used Malaise trap and pitfall trap (MP traps). We found that the efficiency of attaining species diversity was much higher with the added flight intercept trap function than the current Malaise trap alone for flying insect collection. For collecting ground insects, the efficiency of attaining species diversity of the pitfall trap from the MFP trap was lower than that from the MP trap. Besides, the Malaise trap of the MP trap showed superior efficiency than that of the MFP trap in species diversity. The results suggested that modification, supplementation, and re‐testing should be performed by analyzing various factors such as the trap material, barrier size, capturing container inlet, and mesh size, with consideration of the design of the current Malaise trap. Therefore, in survey‐based research, which aims at identifying insects species diversity and inhabiting status—such as the NES, it is necessary to introduce the MFP trap with the flight intercept trap function added to the Malaise trap function, and for the pitfall trap function of the MFP trap, it can be operated as a separate trap from the MFP trap.

Changes in nocturnal insect communities in forest-dominated landscape relevant to artificial light intensity

Lee, Hakbong,Cho, Yong-Chan,Jung, Sang-Woo,Kim, Yoon-Ho,Lee, Seung-Gyu The Ecological Society of Korea 2021 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.45 No.1

Background: Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically in the Korea National Arboretum (with no artificial light at night), with that of three nearby urban sites with a gradient of artificial light at night (five locations at each site). We analyzed the effects of the artificial night lighting index, mean annual temperature, and field light intensity (lux) at night on the insect community structure. Results: The urban sites generally exhibited higher species richness and abundance as well as clear indicator species compared with the control site. The size distribution of the collected insects markedly differed between the control and the three urban sites. The abundance of herbivorous and omnivorous insects increased and decreased, respectively, with the increase in light intensity. Species richness of herbivorous and omnivorous insects was likely correlated with the field light intensity at night and artificial night lighting index, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the association between nighttime environment and marked changes in insect community structure and revealed consequent transition of ecosystem services by changes in trophic group composition.

LMO격리포장에서 비타민A강화콩 재배가 곤충다양성에 미치는 영향

오성덕,박수윤,이성곤,윤도원,이강섭,서상재 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.4

In this study, conducted in living modified organism (LMO) isolation fields, we sought to develop environmental risk assessmentprocedures for identifying the potential effects on non-target above-ground insects and spiders within agroecosystems cultivated with vitaminA-enhanced transgenic soybean with tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. To this end, we investigated insect/arachnid species diversitiesand population densities on vitamin A-enhanced transgenic soybean and non-GM soybean (Gwangan) grown in LMO quarantine areas ofKyungpook National University (Gunwi) and the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (Jeonju). In total, 93,419 individual insects andarachnids, representing 65 families in 12 orders, were captured during the study. In Gunwi, totals of 17,110 and 17,627 individual insectsand arachnids were collected from vitamin A-enhanced transgenic soybean and Gwangan, respectively, whereas in Jeonju, totals of 28,621and 30,061 individuals were collected from vitamin A-enhanced transgenic soybean and Gwangan, respectively. Although we detected nosignificant differences among the population densities of insect pests, natural enemies, and other insects on vitamin A-enhanced transgenicsoybean and Gwangan grown within the same field, the population densities of these insects were found to be higher in Jeonju than thosein Gunwi. Throughout the study, analysis of variance indicated no significant differences (p<0.05) in insect/arachnid populations, and multivariateanalysis indicated that the abundance and diversity of plant-dwelling insects were similar within the same fields.

Insect diversity and community structure depending on the landscape and habitat

Ui-Joung Byeon,Jeong-Min Kim,Youngsung Joo,Jong-Seok Park 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Understanding the landscapes and the elements that make up the landscapes can help us understand the entire natural ecosystems and biodiversity. Landscape ecology has been studied since the past. however, many studies are conducted on single landscapes, and comparative studies between landscapes are few. We compared insect species diversity and community structure within a single plant community across landscapes and habitat. Additionally, identify environmental factors that affect diversity. Our results showed that above-ground and below-ground insect communities were clearly distinguished. Additionally, species diversity was high below-ground in all landscapes. Insect community structures across landscapes did not differ in above-ground. However, below-ground, the urban was differentiated from the forest and agricultural land. We identified the urbanization indices GMIS and PHBASE as factors responsible for these difference.

국내 천연보호구역의 곤충상 현황

안승락 국립문화재연구원 2009 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.42 No.1

우리나라 천연기념물로 지정된 10개 천연보호구역 가운데 홍도, 설악산, 한라산, 대암산·대우산, 향로봉·건봉산 및 독 도천연보호구역에 대해 조사 및 문헌을 토대로 서식 곤충 다양성을 분석한 결과, 한라산천연보호구역이 22목 1,867종으로 종다양성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다음은 설악산천연보호구역으로 19목 1,604종, 향로봉·건봉산천연보호구역이 18목 704종, 홍도천연보호구역 19목 474종, 대암산·대우산천연보호구역이 16목 468종, 독도천연보호구역 11목 114종 순 으로 각각 나타났다. 천연보호구역에서 출현한 곤충목들 가운데 나비목은 홍도, 설악산, 한라선, 향로봉·건봉산 등 4개 천연보호구역에서 우점분류군으로 나타났고 딱정벌레목은 아우점분류군으로 확인되었다. 한편 대암산·대우산천연보호구역과 독도천연보호 구역에서는 반대로 딱정벌레목이 우점분류군, 나비목이 아우점부류군으로 출현하였다. 나머지 주요 목들의 출현 양상을 각 지역별로 비교하면 하루살이목은 25종이 출현한 설악산천연보호구역, 잠자리목은 28종이 출현한 한라산천연보호구역, 집게벌레목은 9종이 출현한 설악산천연보호구역, 메뚜기목은 51종이 출현한 한라산천연보호구역, 노린재목은 175종이 출 현한 한라산천연보호구역, 매미목은 126종이 출현한 설악산천연보호구역, 벌목은 183종이 출현한 한라산천연보호구역, 파 리목은 206종이 출현한 한라산천연보호구역에서 각각 가장 높은 종다양성을 보여주었다. 이들 가운데 천연보호구역별 학술조사 규모 및 횟수의 차이는 있으나 향로봉·건봉산천연보호구역, 대암산·대우산천 연보호구역 및 독도천연보호구역에서 곤충상이 빈약하게 나타난 것은 다른 원인도 있지만 다양한 종합조사 부족에 따른 결과가 가장 큰 것으로 사료된다. 더구나 성산일출봉천연보호구역, 문섬·범섬천연보호구역, 차귀도천연보호구역, 마라도 천연보호구역들은 지정당시 조사는 물론, 지정 후 지금까지 육상곤충에 대한 종합학술조사가 수행된 바가 없다. 따라서 이들 지역에 대한 곤충상 학술조사가 시급히 필요하며, 이들 조사결과를 바탕으로 지역별 특성을 고려한 관리 및 보전 기 본계획을 수립해야 할 것으로 사료된다. This research is insect diversity analysis on the basis of survey results and bibliographies of Hongdo Island, Mts. Seoraksan, Hallasan, Daeamsan & Daeusan, Hyangnobong peak & Geonbongsan nature reserves and Dokdo Protected Natural Area among 10 designated nature reserves. The Mt. Hallasan nature reserve has 1,867 species in 22 orders and shows the highest species diversity. The species diversities of Mt. Seoraksan, Mt. Hyangnobong peak & Geonbongsan, Hongdo Island, Mt. Daeamsan & Daeusan, and Dokdo Protected Natural Area reveal 1,604 species in 19 orders, 704 species in 18 orders, 474 species in 19 orders, 468 species in 16 orders, and 114 species in 11 orders, respectively, in descending order. The order Lepidoptera shows as dominant taxa in Hongdo, Seoraksan, Hallasan, Hyangnobong peak & Geonbongsan, whereas the order Coleoptera as subdominant taxa in these areas. On the other hand, in Mt. Daeamsan & Daeusan, and Dokdo Protected Natural Area, the order Coleoptera appears as dominant taxa whereas the order Lepidoptera as subdominant taxa. The order Ephemeroptera has been shown the highest species diversity in Seoraksan which is reported to 25 species, Odonata in Hallasan to 28, Dermaptera in Seoraksan to 9, Orthoptera in Hallasan to 51, Hemiptera in Hallasan to 175, Homoptera in Seoraksan to 126, Hymenoptera in Hallasan to 183, and Diptera in Hallasan to 206. The species diversity is generally poor in Daeamsan & Daeusan, Hyangnobong peak & Geonbongsan, and Dokdo Protected Natural Area. Maybe this result is caused by the lack of various academic surveys compared to the other areas. It is needed to study systematic academic investigation on insect in the nature reserve areas in Korea, and to plan appropriate management and conservation on natural environment considering biodiversity of each nature reserve area.

월악산국립공원의 곤충다양성에 관한 연구 : 노린재목, 딱정벌레목, 나비목

박성준(Seong-Joon Park),전용락(Yong-Lak Jeon),홍의정(Eui-Jung Hong),윤주창(Ju-Chang Yun),박서경(Seo-Kyoung Park),김병진(Byung-Jin Kim) 국립공원연구원 2010 국립공원연구지 Vol.1 No.3

본 연구는 2007년부터 2009년까지 3년 동안 월악산 모니터링 조사 지점과 동일지구에 대해 정기적인 주간조사를 통해 주간곤충류(노린재목, 딱정벌레목, 나비목)의 종목록을 확보 하여, 월악산국립공원의 생태계에 자연적 혹은 인위적으로 변화된 내용을 측정하여 곤충자원의 체계적인 관리를 위한 자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 본 조사기간 동안 채집 확인된 주간곤충류는 65과 404종(노린재목 21과 86종, 딱정벌레목 38과 244종, 나비목 6과 74종)이 조사되었다. 따라서 문헌조사를 포함한 결과 월악산국립공원에 서식하는 것으로 확인된 주간곤충류는 멸종위기야생동물 2종, 고유종 6종, 국외반출승인대상종 10종과 특정종 50종을 포함하여 총 72과 609종(딱정벌레목 44과 368종, 노린재목 22과 126종, 나비목 6과 115종)으로 나타났다. 아울러 조사지점별 분석결과 S3에서 종다양성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, S10은 다른 조사지점과 다르게 종다양성이 현저하게 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 각 조사기간별우점종으로는 2007년과 2009년도에 넉점박이송장벌레, 2008년도에는 더듬이긴노린재로 나타났다. This study were conducted for three years from 2007 to 2009 and at the same points as monitoring surveys, through regular surveys insects (Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera) to obtain the list, to measure and assess Woraksan National Park ecosystem’s natural or artificial change, to provide data for systematic management of the contents of insects. As a result of all the collections were examined, 404 species of 65 family under 3 order were identified. Therefore, the species composition of insect over each result from Woraksan National Park’s was a total of 3 orders, 72 families, 609 species including 2 Endangered species, 6 Endermic species, 10 Management of exotic species and 50 Designated species; 368 species of family Coleoptera which is the highest, 126 species of family Hemiptera and 115 species of family Lepidoptera. Site 3 had the highest indices diversity. In contrast, Site 10 indices diversity, different from the other survey points, were significantly low. In each survey period, dominant species included Nicrophorus quadripunctatus in 2007 and 2009. In 2008, dominant species was Pachygrontha antennata.