Preparation of indium tin oxide powder from low-grade metallic indium and tin

구수진,주창식 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.12

Preparation of indium-tin oxide(ITO) powder by oxalic acid from metallic indium and tin was investigated. The intermediate(indium-tin oxalate salt) was formerly prepared at various conditions, and thermal decomposition was followed to obtain ITO powder for ITO target. Optimum conditions for preparation of the intermediate were oxalic acid concentration 2.0M, pH 8.0, reaction temperature 80 oC and reaction time 6 hours. The purity of the intermediate could be increased by recrystallization up to 99.99% (4 N). The phase transition temperature of the intermediate to ITO powder was analyzed by TGA. The purity, crystal structure and particle shape of ITO powder were examined by ICP-OES, XRD and TEM, respectively. ITO powder obtained was spherical, whose size was 20-50 nm.

Selective indium recovery from ITO etching waste water using Nickel nanoporous material

이수경,황영규 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

The indium ion adsorption property of nickel nanoporous material on indium-tin oxide (ITO) etching waste water was investigated and compared for VSB-5, VSB-1, SAPO-34, Iron (Ⅲ) phosphate. VSB-5 exhibits the highest for total indium ion adsorption in the condition of 78.9 mg indium /1g of VSB-5 (7.9wt%) and 99.9 % was adsorbed in 50 ml of indium tin oxide waste water was used per 0.1g of adsorbent at 25°C for 10 hours adsorption time. Desorption property of indium adsorbed VSB-5 was studied. Only indium rather than tin selectively desorbed in acidic media. Finally, indium aqueous solution could be obtained selectively, while tin still remain in VSB-5 structure. These results clearly show that VSB-5 with high BET surface area is very promising material for indium recovery.

분무열분해법(Spray Pyrolysis)에 의한 주석산화물이 도핑된 In2O3(ITO: Indium Tin Oxide)의 분말 제조에 대한 연구

김상현(Sang Hern Kim) 한국유화학회 2014 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.31 No.4

마이크론 크기를 가지는 ITO(indium tin oxide) 입자들은 인듐과 틴의 수용성 전구체들과 유기 첨가제를 분무 열분해하여 얻었다. 유기 첨가제로서는 에틸렌글리콜과 시트르산을 이용하였다. 분무 열분해 시 에틸렌글리콜과 시트르산과 같은 유기첨가제를 첨가하지 않고 얻어진 ITO 입자들은 구형이며 속이 꽉찬 형태를 가지는데 비해 유기 첨가제를 첨가하여 분무 열분해를 하면 얻어지는 ITO 입자들은 유기 첨가제의 양이 증가 할수록 껍질이 얇고 다공성이 증대된 중공 입자가 얻어진다. 유기첨가제를 첨가하지 않고 분무 열분해를통해 얻어지는 마이크론 크기를 가지는 ITO는 700oC에서 두 시간 동안의 후소성과 24 시간동안의 습식 볼밀링에 의해 나노 크기의 ITO로 전환되지 않으나, 유기첨가제를 첨가하고 분무 열분해를 통해 얻어지는 마이크 론 크기를 가지는 ITO는 700oC에서 두 시간 동안의 후소성과 24 시간 동안의 습식 볼밀링에 의해 나노 크기의 ITO로 쉽게 전환되었다. 응집된 나노 크기의 ITO의 일차 입자의 크기를 Debye-Scherrer 식에 의해 계산하였고 ITO 입자를 압축하여 만든 펠렛의 표면저항을 측정하였다. The micron-sized ITO(indium tin oxide) particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis from aqueous precursor solutions for indium, and tin and organic additives solution. Organic additives solution with citric acid(CA) and ethylene glycol(EG) were added to aqueous precursor solution for Indium and Tin. The obtained ITO particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from the aqueous solution without organic additives solution had spherical and filled morphologies whereas the obtained ITO particles with organic additives solution had more hollow and porous morphologies with increasing mole of organic additives. The micron-sized ITO particle with organic additives was changed fully to nano-sized ITO particle whereas the micron-sized ITO particle without organic additives was not changed fully to nano-sized ITO particle after post-treatment at 700oC for 2 hours and wet-ball milling for 24 hours. The size of primary ITO particle by Debye-Scherrer formula and surface resistance of ITO pellet were measured.

Tailoring Opto-electrical properties of ultra-thin indium tin oxide films via filament doping: Application as a transparent cathode for indoor organic photovoltaics

Kim, Yong Woon,Goo, Ji Soo,Lee, Tae Ho,Lee, Byeong Ryong,Shin, Sang-Chul,Kim, Hyeok,Shim, Jae Won,Kim, Tae Geun Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.424 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Either side of organic photovoltaics incorporates a transparent conducting electrode for light entry, which becomes particularly crucial under indoor light conditions with low light intensity. However, since electrical resistivity and optical transparency with respect to film thickness are mutually contradictory, sufficiently thick (>150 nm) electrodes are inevitably required to ensure the appropriate electrical conductivity, at the sacrifice of transmittance. This paper introduces an electric field induced filament doping method to realize ultra-thin indium tin oxide with high conductivity. The proposed method allows for injecting metal dopants (i.e., Ni) into ultra-thin indium tin oxide under an electric field, enabling substantial resistance reduction while retaining high transmittance and low surface roughness. Optimum light absorption and effective carrier transport via filament doping provides improved performance for indoor organic photovoltaics. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we fabricate poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C60 bisadduct based inverted organic photovoltaics with 10 nm Ni-doped indium tin oxide as a transparent cathode, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 14.6 ± 1.8% under the 1000-lux light-emitting diode. This efficiency is 40% higher than that achieved from the device using commercially available 150 nm indium tin oxide.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Highly conductive ultra-thin (<30 nm) ITO films via filament doping are produced. </LI> <LI> Produced ITO films are used as transparent cathode for indoor ogranic photovoltaics. </LI> <LI> A power conversion efficiency of 14.6% is achieved under the 1000-lux LED light. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Study of Nitrogen Plasma Treatment on Indium Tin Oxide Thin Film

Ji-Won Jang,지혁,서혜원 한국물리학회 2020 새물리 Vol.70 No.1

We studied the effect of nitrogen plasma treatment on the indium-tin-oxide thin films. By monitoring the in-situ optical emission spectra during the capacitively coupled plasma treatments, we investigated the populations and the energies of the nitrogen plasma species. In particular, the nitrogen plasma consisting of excited neutral and ionic molecular species was studied and found to depend on the nitrogen flow. After the nitrogen plasma treatment, the optical band gap of the indium-tin -oxide thin films was reduced, and their resistance was increased. Interestingly, when the energy of the excited neutral molecular series became higher, the band tails increased but the sheet resistance was suppressed. We believe that co-generations of nitrogen doping species and oxygen vacancies by an energetic plasma were responsible for these results.

인듐 노출 근로자를 위한 생물학적 노출지표로써 혈청 Krebs von den lungen-6의 활용가능성

원용림 ( Yong Lim Won ),이광용 ( Gwang Yong Yi ),이미영 ( Gwang Yong Yi ),김은아 ( Eun A Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives: Although several cases of lung diseases caused by indium have been reported in Japan, the United States and China, South Korea, which is estimated to have been the world’s largest consumer of indium, has not yet established a criteria for the diagnosis of lung diseases caused by indium exposure. In this study, we tried to determine the applicability of the Krebs von den lungen-6, which has been widely recognized for its use with interstitial lung disease in Japan, as a biological exposure index for indium. Methods: Methods: The analysis of indium in serum was conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the analysis of KL-6 in serum was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The indium levels in serum were distributed from below the detection limit to a peak of 125.78 μg/L, and the values of the KL-6 were distributed from 104.5 U/mL to 2162.2 U/mL. The serum indium and KL-6 showed good correlation (R 2 =0.389,pfortrend=0.000) and smoking did not affect the KL-6. Conclusions: The usefulness of KL-6 as a specific biomarker for interstitial lung disease has been recognized. In addition, it is expected that effective prevention of health problems can be achieved by determining the lung-damage progress at an early stage according to individual susceptibility.

Synthesis of IZTO(Indium Zinc Tin Oxide) particle by spray pyrolysis and post-heat treatment and characterization of deposited IZTO film

Lim, Seong Taek,Kim, Sang Hern The Korean Society of Applied Science and Technolo 2016 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The micron-sized indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis from aqueous precursor solution for indium, zinc, and tin and organic additives such as citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG) were added to aqueous precursor solution for indium, zinc, and tin. The obtained IZTO particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from the aqueous solution without organic additives had spherical and filled morphologies, whereas the IZTO particles obtained with organic additives had more hollow and porous morphologies. The micron-sized IZTO particles with organic additives were changed fully to nano-sized IZTO particles, whereas the micron-sized IZTO particles without organic additives were not changed fully to nano-sized IZTO particle after post-treatment at $700^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and wet-ball milling for 24 hours. Surface resistances of micron-sized IZTO's before post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling were much higher than those of nano-sized IZTO's after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling. From IZTO with composition of 80 wt. % $In_2O_3$, 10 wt. % ZnO, and 10 wt. % $SnO_2$ which showed a smallest surface resistance IZTO after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling, thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, and the electrical and optical properties were investigated.

Synthesis of IZTO(Indium Zinc Tin Oxide) particle by spray pyrolysis and post-heat treatment and characterization of deposited IZTO film

임성택,김상헌 한국응용과학기술학회 2016 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The micron-sized indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) particles were prepared by spraypyrolysis from aqueous precursor solution for indium, zinc, and tin and organic additives such ascitric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG) were added to aqueous precursor solution for indium,zinc, and tin. The obtained IZTO particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from the aqueous solutionwithout organic additives had spherical and filled morphologies, whereas the IZTO particlesobtained with organic additives had more hollow and porous morphologies. The micron-sizedIZTO particles with organic additives were changed fully to nano-sized IZTO particles, whereasthe micron-sized IZTO particles without organic additives were not changed fully to nano-sizedIZTO particle after post-treatment at 700 oC for 2 hours and wet-ball milling for 24 hours. Surface resistances of micron-sized IZTO’s before post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling weremuch higher than those of nano-sized IZTO’s after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling. From IZTO with composition of 80 wt. % In2O3, 10 wt. % ZnO, and 10 wt. % SnO2 whichshowed a smallest surface resistance IZTO after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling, thinfilms were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, and the electrical andoptical properties were investigated.

전기화학 증착법을 이용한 그래핀 개질 Indium Tin Oxide 전극 제작 및 효소 전극에 응용

왕설 ( Xue Wang ),시키 ( Ke Shi ),김창준 ( Chang-joon Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.60 No.1

Graphene has a large surface area to volume ratio and good mechanical and electrical property and biocompatibility. This study described the electrochemical deposition and reduction of graphene oxide on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass slide and electrochemical characterization of graphen-modified ITO. Cyclic voltammetry was used for the deposition and reduction of graphene oxide. The surface of graphen-coated ITO was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispesive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrodes were evaluated by performing cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The number of cycles and scan rate greatly influenced on the coverage and the degree of reduction of graphene oxide, thus affecting the electrochemical properties of electrodes. Modification of ITO with graphene generated higher current with lower charge transfer resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the graphene-modified ITO and has been found to successfully generate electrons by oxidizing glucose.

Synthesis of IZTO(Indium Zinc Tin Oxide) particle by spray pyrolysis and post-heat treatment and characterization of deposited IZTO film

Seong Taek Lim,Sang Hern Kim 한국유화학회 2016 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The micron-sized indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO) particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis from aqueous precursor solution for indium, zinc, and tin and organic additives such as citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG) were added to aqueous precursor solution for indium, zinc, and tin. The obtained IZTO particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from the aqueous solution without organic additives had spherical and filled morphologies, whereas the IZTO particles obtained with organic additives had more hollow and porous morphologies. The micron-sized IZTO particles with organic additives were changed fully to nano-sized IZTO particles, whereas the micron-sized IZTO particles without organic additives were not changed fully to nano-sized IZTO particle after post-treatment at 700 oC for 2 hours and wet-ball milling for 24 hours. Surface resistances of micron-sized IZTO’s before post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling were much higher than those of nano-sized IZTO’s after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling. From IZTO with composition of 80 wt. % In2O3, 10 wt. % ZnO, and 10 wt. % SnO2 which showed a smallest surface resistance IZTO after post-heat treatment and wet-ball milling, thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, and the electrical and optical properties were investigated.