일제 총동원체제기 조선군사후원연맹의 설립과 군사원호체계

김선호 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2025 한국학연구 Vol.- No.76

조선군사후원연맹은 1937년 7월 24일 조선총독부가 조선인을 군사원호활동에 동원하기 위해 설립한 군사원호단체였으며 핵심사업은 일본군 원호사상의 보급과 군인ㆍ유가족에 대한 원호사업이었다. 군사후원연맹이 설립되면서 기존의 제국군인후원회와 제국제향군인회가 여기에 통합됨에 따라 1910년 한일병합 이후 조선에서 전개된 군사원호활동의 경험이 군사후원연맹으로 계승되었다. 군사후원연맹은 조선총독부 내무국이 운영하고 조선군사령부가 협조하는 관군(官軍)합동단체였으며 조선총독부의 중앙ㆍ지방 행정계통에 따라 운영되었다. 조선군사후원연맹은 1937년 7월부터 1939년 3월까지 각 도에 13개 지부와 각 부ㆍ군ㆍ섬에 225개 분회를 결성했다. 또한 연맹은 각종 사회단체를 가맹시켰는데 1938년 1월 2일 당시 중앙본부와 지방지부에 가맹한 단체는 2,500여 개에 달했다. 조선총독부는 연맹의 지방지부를 중앙본부ㆍ사회단체와 종적ㆍ횡적으로 연결시킴으로써 조선인을 총력전체제에 결박시킴과 동시에 이들의 반일운동을 차단했다. 일제는 1938년 7월부터 한반도를 장기전의 후방기지로 만들었으며 12월 1일 군인원호회 조선지부를 설립해서 군사원호활동의 중심기관으로 삼았다. 이후 군사후원연맹은 2년 6개월 동안 활동을 유지하다가 1941년 7월 31일에 군인원호회로 최종 통합되었다. The Joseon Military Support Federation(JMSF) was a private organization independently established by the Japanese Government-General of Korea on July 24, 1937 to mobilize Koreans for military support activities. The foundation funds for the Federation were provided by the Japanese royal family, and the Federation’s core business was the dissemination of Japanese military support ideology and support for soldiers and bereaved families. The JMSF was an organization operated by the Japanese Government-General of Korea and cooperated with the Japanese Military Command, and was operated according to the administrative system of the Japanese Government-General of Korea. The JMSF established branches and branches in each region and established its own organizational system. As a result, from July 1937 to March 1939, 13 branches in each province and 225 branches in each district, county, and island were formed. In addition, the JMSF allowed various social organizations to join as sub-organizations, and as of January 2, 1938, the number of organizations affiliated with the central headquarters and local branches reached about 2,500. As the Chinese-Japanese War became prolonged starting in July 1938, Japanese imperialism began to turn the Korean Peninsula into a rear base capable of responding to a long-term war. The Japanese government established the Joseon branch of the Military Aid Association on December 1, 1938 and made it the central organization for military aid activities. Afterwards, the JMSF was active for two years and six months and was integrated into the Joseon branch of the Military Aid Association on July 31, 1941.

1894년 전라도 군용전신선 가설 계획과 일본 해군의 동학농민군 진압

박진홍(Park, Jin-Hong) 고려사학회 2019 한국사학보 Vol.- No.76

1894년 8월 수립된 전라도 군용전신선 가설계획은 일본군 대본영이 육군과 해군의 통제를 위해 육군의 군용전신선과 해군의 ‘근거지’를 연결하고자 한 것이다. 청일전쟁 당시 전라도는 일본 해군에게 서해 제해권 확보를 위해 중요한 지역이었다. 일본 육군의 군용전신선과 일본 해군의 ‘근거지’는 모두 조선 정부의 허가 없이 해당지역에 강압적으로 설치되었다는 공통점이 있었다. 일본 해군은 남해안과 서해안의 경비 뿐만 아니라 육전대를 파견하여 이 지역에서 활동하는 동학농민군을 직접 진압하기도 하였다. 1894년 12월 순천과 좌수영의 동학농민군 진압은 일본 해군 역시 조선군을 지원하여 동학농민군 진압의 한 부분을 담당하고 있음을 확인할 수 있는 사례였다. The Jeolla-do Military Line Construction Plan was established in August 1894. This is what the Imperial General Headquarters wants to link the Japanese army"s military telegraph lines with the Japanese navy"s "base" for control of the army and navy. During the Sino-Japanese War, Jeolla-do was an important area for Japanese Navy to secure naval supremacy of the Yellow Sea. Both the Japanese Army"s military telegraph lines and the Japanese Navy"s "base" were all coercively constructed in the area without the permission of the Korean government. The Japanese navy not only guards the south coast and the west coast of Korea, he also dispatched Japanese Navy Land Forces to suppress the Donghak peasant army in the area. In December 1894, the Japanese Navy"s suppression of the Donghak Peasants" Army in Suncheon and the Jeolla-jwasuyeong was an example of the fact that the Japanese Navy also supported the Chosun Army, which was part of the suppression of the Donghak Peasants" Army.

일본의 대외전쟁과 대본영의 운영실태 - 청일, 러일전쟁을 중심으로 -

趙明哲(Cho, Myung Chul) 동양사학회 2019 東洋史學硏究 Vol.147 No.-

The script was created during the creation of the Navy’s military command, the Navy’s military command. Through this, the Army wanted to take the initiative in wartime. In other words, the script was the product of a conflict between the army and the navy over the military’s desire to create an independent agency that could not reach interference from the government and politicians under the pretext of the emperor’s control. Although the organization was purely for the military, the first of its kind was the one in which a civilian politician representing the government took part, which did not carry out its original intention. However, the first scriptwriter played a very successful role, including the cooperation of the military, the cooperation of the Army and Navy, and the connection with the military. Most of all, it is noteworthy that civilian control has been compromised in the war map. In this process, it is very meaningful that the “coordination of political strategy” has won the consensus of the government and the military as a great principle in conducting the war. After the Sino-Japanese War, the Army wanted to create an army-oriented system in peacetime, but was frustrated when it faced strong opposition from the Navy. The Navy took a step further, saying, “The wartime headquarters ordinance should be revised because it is on a par with the Army, Navy and Army.” The Army, which could no longer pressure the Navy to revise its wartime headquarters ordinance with the Bolmo War, accepted the Navy’s demand just before the opening of the war with Russia and created a war zone ordinance in which the Army and Navy were equal. This earned the Navy equal status with the Army in peacetime and wartime, but there was no institutional mechanism for reaching an agreement between the Army and Navy in the script. Fortunately, by the time of the Russo-Japanese War, the systemic flaws of Scrippyong had been resolved relatively smoothly by experienced and experienced human resources.

러일전쟁과 영토확장 : 사할린 점령작전의 재검토 조명철

조명철(Cho, Myung-Chul) 일본사학회 2021 일본역사연구 Vol.56 No.-

봉천회전 후, 러일 양국의 전력이 소진됨으로써 일본 육군은 더 이상 추격전을 벌일 수 없었고 러시아군도 대규모 반격을 시도할 수 없었다. 이런 이유로 봉천회전의 승리에도 불구하고 전쟁은 종료되지 않았다. 봉천회전 이후 일본 육군은 새로운 작전을 기획했다. 보통 ‘제2기 작전계획’으로 불리는 이 작전계획은 러시아군의 주력을 섬멸시 킴으로써 전쟁을 끝내겠다는 초기의 작전계획과는 전혀 다른 것이었다. 그것은 전쟁의 승패와는 무관한 특정 지역을 영구히 점령하기 위한 작전계획이었다. 먼저 ‘제2기 작전계획’에서 작전의 방향이 갑작스럽게 변경된 과정과 이유를 면밀히 살펴보았다. 다음으로 ‘제2기 작전계획’에서 언급된 점령 대상 중에서 군사적 점령에 성공한 곳은 사할린이 유일했다. 결과적으로 사할린은 ‘제2기 작전계획’의 목적이 가장 충실하게 실현된 지역이었다. 지금까지 사할린 점령작전은 전투의 규모나 치열함, 전략적 중요성 등에 비추어 러일전쟁 연구에 있어서 크게 주목받지 못했지만 전쟁을 통해 자국의 영토를 확장하고자 일본의 욕구가 완전하게 실현되었다는 점에서 새로운 접근이 필요하다. After the Battle of Mukden, the Japanese Army could no longer pursue and the Russian army could not attempt a large-scale counterattack as the power of the two countries was exhausted. For this reason, the war did not end despite the great victory of the Battle of Mukden. After the battle, the Japanese Army planned a new operation. This, commonly referred to as the Second Operation Plan, was a completely different plan from the earlier one to end the war by destroying the Russian military s main power. It was a plan to permanently occupy a specific area unrelated to the victory or defeat of the war. First, the process and reason for the sudden change in the purpose and direction of the operation in the Plan were closely examined. Next, Sakhalin was the only region that actually succeeded in military occupation among the objects of occupation mentioned in the Plan. As a result, Sakhalin was the region where the purpose of the Plan was most faithfully realized. So far, the Sakhalin occupation operation has not received much attention in the study of the Russo-Japanese War in light of the size, fierceness, and distance from Manchuria. But it needs to be reviewed anew in that Japan’s desire to expand its territory through the war has been fully realized.

역사보존의 팔림세스트 -도시유산, 어댑티브 유즈, 그리고 기억-

송지원 한국건축역사학회 2023 한국건축역사학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.05