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CAE를 통한 하이브리드 용접 후 차체부품 변형예측 및 검증
이덕영(Dug Young Lee),최보성(Bo Sung Choi),최원호(Won Ho Choi),안장호(Jang Ho Ahn) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2012 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.29 No.1
In recent years, laser-arc hybrid welding has begun to be adopted for assembly welding of automotive bodies and parts, because the hybrid welding process can weld lapped steel sheets having a larger gap than is possible with laser welding. In this paper, to predict the twist deformation by the hybrid welding when brackets are welded in B pillar of a passenger car, the residual stress using CAE is analyzed and the deformation result of CAE is compared with the measured deformation. First of all, after modeling heat source as intended to be expressed with laser-arc hybrid welding method, heat source fitting is done with welding conditions and a section of welding part obtained through specimen test. In case of heat source functions, laser used conical source and arc used double ellipsoid source. Through the local model analysis, elements which are located in the center of the model are selected. The elements are called WME(Welding Macro Element). This WME is extruded in the welding lines and welding phenomenon of complex parts is accomplished. The deformation amount after hybrid welding is got through a simulation, the validity of simulation is verified by measuring the panel and comparing with the simulation result.
Modeling and simulation of arc: Laser and hybrid welding process
Cho, D.W.,Cho, W.I.,Na, S.J. Society of Manufacturing Engineers 2014 Journal of manufacturing processes Vol.16 No.1
Welding is a fabrication process to join two different materials. Among the many welding processes, the arc and laser welding processes are the most widely used. Great effort is required to understand the physical phenomena of arc and laser welding due to the complex behaviors which include liquid phase, solid phase and, gas phase. So it is necessary to conduct numerical simulation to understand the detailed procedures of welding. This paper will present the various numerical simulation methods of the arc welding processes such as arc plasma, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, laser welding, and laser-arc hybrid welding. These simulations are conducted by the finite element method, finite differential method and volume of fluid method to describe and analyze the various welding processes.
Interaction between laser-induced plasma/vapor and arc plasma during fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding
Jun Wang,Chunming Wang,Xuanxuan Meng,Xiyuan Hu,Yangchun Yu,Shengfu Yu 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.6
Hybrid plasma is an important physical phenomenon in fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding. It greatly affects the stability of the process,the quality of the weld, and the efficiency of energy coupling. In this paper, clear and direct proofs of these characteristics are presented through high-speed video images. Spectroscopic analysis is used to describe the characterization of hybrid plasma. The hybrid plasma forms a curved channel between the welding wire and the keyhole during the fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding process. The curved channel is composed of two parts. The laser-induced plasma/vapor expands due to the combined effect of the laser and the MIG arc, forming an ionization duct, which is one part of the curved channel. The resistance of the duct is smaller than that of other locations because of the rise in electrical conductivity. Consequently, the electrical arc is guided through the duct to the surface of the material, which is the other part of the curved channel. The spectral intensities of metal elements in laser-MIG hybrid welding are much stronger than those in MIGonly welding, whereas the spectral intensities of shielding gas element in laser-MIG hybrid welding are much weaker.
디스크 레이저-아크 하이브리드 용접을 이용한 포지션 용접
임현식(Hyunsik Lim),김정학(Junghak Kim),김철희(Cheolhee Kim),김정한(Jeonghan Kim) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.5
The combination of laser beam and electric arc sharing common weld pool has widely been investigated since the late seventies, but it is beginning of the industrial uses. Recently, laser-GMA hybrid welding process showed possibility to overcome the tight gap tolerance with improved productivity. The laser-arc hybrid welding process is inherently complex because it has three kinds of process parameters: arc welding, laser welding and hybrid welding parameters. In this study, the optimum range of the process parameters were determined by high speed image analysis which could unveil the welding phenomena in laser-arc hybrid welding. The laser-arc hybrid welding was applied for position welding from the flat position to the overhead position and the welding characteristics were investigated.
A Review on Effects of Weld Porosity in Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding for Aluminum Alloys
김성현,김재득,전현욱,천주용,Seungjong Yun,Yang-Do Kim,지창욱 대한용접접합학회 2023 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.41 No.5
It is expected that the application of aluminum alloy, a lightweight material, will continue to increase in connection with strengthening international environmental regulations and improving fuel efficiency for reducing vehicle emissions. Accordingly, aluminum alloys are widely applied to the automobile industry, and various welding methods are used for aluminum alloys. In this paper, the laser-arc hybrid welding method that combines laser and arc welding is explained. Although laser-arc hybrid welding has better weldability than a single heat source of laser or arc, the degradation of mechanical properties due to defects occurring during hybrid welding has emerged as a problem. This paper discussed the quality of aluminum alloy welds through optimization of various process parameters of hybrid welding.
김철희,채현병,이창우,김정한,이세헌,Kim, Cheol-Hee,Chae, Hyun-Byung,Lee, Chang-Woo,Kim, Jeong-Han,Rhee, Se-Hun 대한용접접합학회 2006 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Laser-rotating arc hybrid welding was introduced by combining $CO_2$ laser and rotating gas metal arc welding. While the arc rotation enhances the weld pool motion, it reduces the undercut formation which is one of most critical weld defects in the conventional laser-arc hybrid welding. This research investigated the bead characteristics according to the welding parameters such as frequency of rotation, welding voltage, shielding gas composition and interspacing distance between laser and we. The welding parameters were selected to reduce spatter generation and ensure sound weld beads fur bead welding and butt welding with various joint gaps. Gap bridging ability was improved, such that the sound weld beads were achieved for butt joint with up to 2mm joint sap, with no adjustment of CTWD(Contact tip-to-workpiece distance) and electrode diameter.
API X-100의 레이저-아크 하이브리드 용접성에 미치는 용접와이어의 영향
김성욱,이목영,Kim, Sungwook,Lee, Mok-Young 대한용접접합학회 2014 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.32 No.5
In this study, API-X100 steel pipes were welded with various kinds of welding wires in the laser-arc hybrid welding process. 10kW fiber laser source was combined to MIG arc welding process. API X-100 steel of base metal was of 16.9mm thickness, and butt welding applied. After welding, full penetration weld was acquired by 1-pass welding. A root porosity and the lack of fusion was observed in some welding conditions. By the mixing the melted wire, acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite, pro-eutectoid, aligned side plate, and bainite structures were observed at the weld metal. From the observation of hybrid weld, unmixed zone had more Ni and Cr. The unmixed zone was a 1/3 area of the weld metal. As the mechanical test of the hybrid welding, tensile test and impact test applied. From the tensile test, all of the welding except SM70S was fractured at the base metal. The result of the impact test at -30 degree C led 60J~320J of the absorbed energy. The result of the low-absorbed energy might be from the coarse equiaxed structures of the weld metal.
논문 : 하이브리드 용접방식을 이용한 박판 및 후판용접공정
최해운(Hae Woon Choi),신현명(Hyun Myung Shin),임문혁(Moon Hyuk Im) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
An application of innovative laser+GMA hybrid welding process is presented for reducing bead humping defects in high speed welding and increasing side wall fusion in narrow groove welding without torch or wire oscillation. In this hybrid process, the laser heat input is applied adjacent to the weld pool at a relatively low power density to produce a wider, flatter weld bead. In bead on plate in sheet metal gauges, the hybrid process was able to produce hump-free welds at almost triple the travel speed of the un-assisted GMAW process. A square-butt joint in 15㎜ A572 Gr50 steel welds was investigated. A square butt joint with a gap of 3.2㎜ was filled with 6 passes. Liquid Nitrogen calorimetry and innovative CO₂ laser reflective optics were also developed to demonstrate the concept of hybrid welding.
최해운(Hae Woon Choi),신현명(Hyun Myung Shin),임문혁(Moon Hyuk Im) 대한기계학회 2008 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.32 No.11
An application of innovative laser+GMA hybrid welding process is presented for reducing bead humping defects in high speed welding and increasing side wall fusion in narrow groove welding without torch or wire oscillation. In this hybrid process, the laser heat input is applied adjacent to the weld pool at a relatively low power density to produce a wider, flatter weld bead. In bead on plate in sheet metal gauges, the hybrid process was able to produce hump-free welds from 70ipm (~1780㎜/min) to over 150ipm (~3810㎜/min) of the travel speed compared to the un-assisted GMAW process. A square-butt joint in 15mm A572 Gr50 steel welds was investigated. A square butt joint with a gap of 3.2㎜ was filled with 6 passes. Liquid Nitrogen calorimetry and innovative CO₂ laser reflective optics were also developed to demonstrate the concept of hybrid welding.
최보성(Bosung Choi),황재현(Jaehyun Hwang),백일기(Ilki Baek),최원호(Wonho Choi),이덕영(Dugyoung Lee),안장호(Jangho Ahn) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.4
In recent years, laser-arc hybrid welding has begun to be adopted for assembly welding of automotive bodies and parts, because hybrid welding process can weld lapped steel sheets that have a lager pap than is possible with laser welding. But if the gap is wide, burn-through occurs, and, if the gap is excessive, the two sheets cannot be welded together. For this reason, the gap is very important for hybrid welding. In this paper, to predict the twist deformation by hybrid welding when brackets are welded in B pillar of passenger car, the residual stress using CAE is analyzed and the deformation results of CAE is compared with welded panel.