Oleic acid-added embedding medium for histological analysis of hard tissue

Lim, Jin Ik,Lee, Yong-Keun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Microscopy research and technique Vol.72 No.10

<P>For the histological analysis of hard tissue such as bone, various acrylate-based materials have been used as an embedding medium. However, commercial embedding media are expensive, and cutting the embedded block takes a long time. In this study, mixtures of methyl methacrylate (MMA), di-butyl-phthalate (DBP), and oleic acid (OA) were tested for possible application as an embedding medium for large and small undecalcified bone specimens. Mechanical properties were tested in a compressive mode. We investigated the change of hydrophilicity in the sectioned surface by measuring the contact angle depending on the OA. Crystallinity was analyzed using a X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Surface analysis was performed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. To determine the staining efficiency of staining dyes, hamatoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining methods were performed for the histological analysis of bone-implant complex. We confirmed that the investigated embedding media showed good properties such as optimal mechanical strength appropriate for cutting the embedded block and proper staining efficiency for histological analysis. Therefore, the MMA/DBP/OA mixtures can be used as an embedding media appropriate for various hard tissues and bone-implant complex. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Quantitative histology-based classification system for assessment of the intestinal mucosal histological changes in patients with celiac disease

Prasenjit Das,Gaurav PS Gahlot,Alka Singh,Vandana Baloda,Ramakant Rawat,Anil K Verma,Gaurav Khanna,Maitrayee Roy,Archana George,Ashok Singh,Aasma Nalwa,Prashant Ramteke,Rajni Yadav,Vineet Ahuja,Vishnu 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: The existing histological classifications for the interpretation of small intestinal biopsies are based on qualitative parameters with high intraobserver and interobserver variations. We have developed and propose a quantitative histological classification system for the assessment of intestinal mucosal biopsies. Methods: We performed a computer-assisted quantitative histological assessment of digital images of duodenal biopsies from 137 controls and 124 patients with celiac disease (CeD) (derivation cohort). From the receiver-operating curve analysis, followed by multivariate and logistic regression analyses, we identified parameters for differentiating control biopsies from those of the patients with CeD. We repeated the quantitative histological analysis in a validation cohort (105 controls and 120 patients with CeD). On the basis of the results, we propose a quantitative histological classification system. The new classification was compared with the existing histological classifications for interobserver and intraobserver agreements by a group of qualified pathologists. Results: Among the histological parameters, intraepithelial lymphocyte count of ≥25/100 epithelial cells, adjusted villous height fold change of ≤0.7, and crypt depth-to-villous height ratio of ≥0.5 showed good discriminative power between the mucosal biopsies from the patients with CeD and those from the controls, with 90.3% sensitivity, 93.5% specificity, and 96.2% area under the curve. Among the existing histological classifications, our quantitative histological classification showed the highest intraobserver (69.7%–85.03%) and interobserver (24.6%–71.5%) agreements. Conclusions: Quantitative assessment increases the reliability of the histological assessment of mucosal biopsies in patients with CeD. Such a classification system may be used for clinical trials in patients with CeD.

Histological Detection of Phytoalexin Scoparone from Heat-Treated and UV-Illuminated Lemon Fruits After Inoculation with Penicillium digitatum

Kim, Jong-Jin,Yehoshua, Shimshon-Ben The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2001 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.17 No.5

Phytoalexin scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) was induced in flavedo tissue of lemon fruit inoculated with Penicillium digitatum during heat treatment for 3 days at $36^{\circ}$. The compound was also induced in the flavedo tissue after UV illuminatiion. Induction of scoparone was deteected in the flavedo tissue by histological analysis. This fluorescent scoparone accumulated only on the 4-5 layers of cells adjacent to the inoculation site. Preinoculation with P. digitatum and subsequent heat-treatment induced resistance in the lemon fruit tissues after challenge-inoculation at the site of the first infection. the data obtained in the study suggest that lemon fruit acquired resistance against P. digitatum parallel with the scoparone production at the infection site.

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)법과 조직학적 방법을 통한 넙치 조직에서의 Kudoa septempunctata (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida)의 분석에 관한 연구

도정완,조미영,정승희,이남실 한국환경생물학회 2017 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.35 No.4

This study is for the consideration of the existence tendency of Kudoa septempunctata in olive flounder. In general, muscle has shown a strong PCR positive reaction in spores containing tissues rather than non-containing tissues. However, blood PCR results showed opposed tendency. In various organs of the tested fish containing spores in muscle tissue, heart had shown positive reaction along with muscle at PCR analysis. Muscle fiber necrosis was observed at the histological observation, and this degeneration was common in both samples. The one sample was the PCR positive muscle containing spore and the other was the PCR positive muscle non-containing spore. Both of muscle tissues indicated a positive reaction at ISH (in-situ hybridization) against K. septempunctata. Kudoa septempunctata에 대한 PCR 검사에서 양성으로 확 인된 개체를 조직 내 포자가 확인된 개체 (3마리)와 포자가 확인되지 않은 개체 (4마리)를 선별하여 순치 후 혈액과 조 직검사를 실시하였다. 혈액에 대하여 PCR 검사를 실시하여 포자가 명확하게 확인되었던 2개체에서는 음성이 확인되었 으며, 다른 5개체는 감도는 각각 차이는 있었지만 양성으로 확인되었다. 포자가 확인된 개체의 각 장기 (간, 비장, 신장, 심장, 위, 소화관, 근육)에 대하여 PCR 검사를 실시한 결과, 심장과 근육에서 명확한 양성이 나타났다. 근육조직의 H&E 염색과 ISH를 실시하여 K. septempunctata의 감염으로 근섬 유에 괴사가 발생하고, 이 부위에 포자의 슈도시스트가 형성 되는 것을 확인하였으나 심한 염증반응을 유도하지는 않는 것이 확인되었다. 이후 혈액에 대한 더욱 면밀한 조사가 필 요할 것으로 보이며, 연구내용은 넙치양식에서의 쿠도아감 염증의 예방과 구제를 위한 기반자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

Outcomes of thin versus thick-wire snares for cold snare polypectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Suprabhat Giri,Vaneet Jearth,Harish Darak,Sridhar Sundaram 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.6

Background/Aims: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is commonly used for the resection of colorectal polyps ≤10 mm. Data regardingthe influence of snare type on CSP effectiveness are conflicting. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes and safety ofthin- and thick-wire snares for CSP. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature published between 2000 and 2021 was performed of various databases for compara-tive studies evaluating the outcomes of thin- versus thick-wire snares for CSP. Results: Five studies with data on 1,425 polyps were included in the analysis. The thick-wire snare was comparable to the thin-wiresnare with respect to complete histological resection (risk ratio [RR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–1.09), overall bleeding(RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.40–2.40), polyp retrieval (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97–1.04), and involvement of submucosa in the resection specimen(RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.72–2.28). There was no publication bias and a small study effect, and the relative effects remained the same in thesensitivity analysis. Conclusions: CSP using a thin-wire snare has no additional benefit over thick-wire snares in small colorectal polyps. Factors otherthan snare design may play a role in improving CSP outcomes.

REMOVAL TORQUE OF BICORTICALLY STABILIZED RBM(RESORBABLE BLAST MEDIA) PIN IMPLANTS IN RABBIT TIBIA

Kim, Kwon-Sik,Suh, Kyu-Won,Lee, Richard Sung-Bok,Ryu, Jae-Jun The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2006 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.44 No.6

Statement of problem. The use of small diameter implants having less than 3 mm in diameter were restricted because of lack of bonding strength to bone. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to observe how much resorbable blast media pin implants increase the binding force to the bone compared to machined transitional pin implants by measuring removal torque, and whether they can be used as final implants for replacement of small diameter teeth. Material and method. Fifteen rabbits were used in this study. Two kinds of implants (resorbable blast media pin implants and machined transitional pin implants) were inserted in each tibia bicortically. After healing time of 2, 4 and 8 weeks, the removal torque values were recorded and the rabbits were sacrificed for histological analysis. Linear finite element method analyses were conducted to compare bicortical fixation with monocortical fixation. Result and conclusion. Within the limitation of this in vivo study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) The removal torque value of RBM pin implants showed statistically significant increase compared to machined pin implants at 2, 4, and 8 weeks respectively (p<0.05). 2) The removal torque value of RBM pin implants at 2, 4, and 8 weeks was increased statistically significantly with time (p<0.05). 3) Bicortical fixation showed better stress distribution compared with monocortical fixation in a linear finite element method analysis. 4) RBM pin implants are not recommended as transitional implants because they showed a lot of bone fracture in histologic specimens.

가토 하악골에서 신연 골형성술시 제 I형 및 II형 교원질의 발현

강대실(Dae-Sil Kang),지유진(Yu-Jin Jee),송현철(Hyun-Chul Song) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2004 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the histological changes and the pattern of expression of type I, II collagen in the elongated area by distraction osteogenesis in the rabbit mandible. Sixteen rabbits weighing 2.5kg-3kg were used for this experiment. Experimental group was distracted at the rate of 0.7mm, twice/day for 7days, and control group was only osteotomized. After 5 days latency, osteotomic site is distracted for 7days. Consolidation period is 28days. The animal was sacrificed at the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th day after the operation. The distracted bone was examined by histological analysis and RT-PCR analysis. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Experimental group was observed that the gaps between the distracted bone edges were occupied by new bone. 2. Expression of Type I collagen were detected throughout the experiment in both groups and Expression of Type I collagen were markedly increased during distraction and consolidation period in experimental group than control group. 3. Expression of Type II collagen were detected throughout the experiment in both groups and expression of Type II collagen were maintained at high level during distraction and consolidation period in experimental group than control group. From these results, in contrast to type II collagen, type I collagen seemed to be more expressed by mechanical stimuli during distraction and consolidation period. The predominent mechanism of new bone formation in the distraction gap was intramembranous bone formation, but some of the regenerated bone was formed by endochondral ossification.

성장기 저칼슘 섭취가 척추 골다공증 발생과 척추사이원반 변성에 미치는 영향 평가

박지형(Ji-Hyung Park),우대곤(Dae-Gon Woo),김치훈(Chi-Hoon Kim),이법이(Beob-Yi Lee),김지현(Chi-Hyun Kim),김한성(Han-Sung Kim) 대한체질인류학회 2009 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 성장기 때 저칼슘 섭취가 최대뼈질량을 감소시키고 뼈엉성증의 요인이 된다고 가정하고 칼슘제거사료를 공급하여 실험을 구성하였다. 변성된 척추사이원반은 해면뼈에 압력분포를 줄여주고 겉질뼈와 척추뒤돌기(가시돌기)의 압력분포를 증가시키며 해면뼈 면적을 줄여주어 골다공증을 유발할 수 있다는 다수의 연구가 발표되었지만, 골다공증이 유발된 척추가 척추사이원반 변성에 영향을 준다는 연구는 적고 골다공증이 유발된 척추에 인접한 정상 척추사이원반은 변성될 가능성이 있다는 가정을 확인하고자 하였다. 골다공증이 유발된 척추를 확인하기 위하여 살아있는 암컷 흰쥐의 허리뼈 전체(L1~L6)를 생체 내 미세단층촬영 시스템으로 촬영하고 유한요소 모델생성 및 가상 압축실험을 통하여 허리뼈의 형태학적 및 기계학적인 특성을 평가하였다. 골다공증으로 인한 척추의 골량감소와 미세구조의 변형이 척추사이원반에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 확인하기 위해 조직학적 방법으로 관찰하였다. 통계처리는 일변량 ANOVA검정, Tukey’B검정, 대응표본 T검정을 수행하였다(p<0.05). 정상군의 해면뼈는 전체적으로 골량이 증가하였으나 칼슘제거군의 해면뼈는 골량이 감소하였다. 0주, 4주, 8주의 칼슘제거군에서 L3, L4, L5의 구조적 요소가 L1, L2, L6보다 모두 낮게 평가되었고, L3, L4, L5에서 해면뼈의 강도가 다른 부분에 비해 상대적으로 약한 구조임을 관찰할 수 있었다. 0주에서는 건강한 척추사이원반이 관찰되었다. 4주와 8주에서는 높이가 상대적으로 줄어들고 형태가 변하여 함몰된 모습을 관찰할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 성장기에 칼슘을 섭취하지 못하면 뼈손실이 크게 발생됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 기존연구에서 더 나아가 첫째 허리뼈에서 여섯째 허리뼈까지(L1~L6) 골다공화에 따른 해면뼈의 구조적 및 기계적 특성 변화와 집중 하중을 받는 척추사이원반을 관찰하여 상호 연관성을 검토하였다. 골다공증은 뼈대계통 전체적으로 발생하나 허리뼈의 중심 부위인 L3, L4, L5가 외곽 부위인 L1, L2, L6에 비해서 약 1.8배 정도(중심부위: 122±101, 외곽부위: 224±118) 기계적 강도가 더 약하므로 L3, L4, L5의 해면뼈에서 골다공증이 가장 먼저 유발됨을 관찰하였고, 해면뼈의 뼈손실과 미세구조 변화에 따른 척추사이원반의 변성이 발생됨을 확인하였다. The aim of the present study is to analyze the generation of osteoporotic vertebral bone induced by malnutrition during growth period and analyze its effects for disc degeneration, based on biomechanical and histomorphometrical study. Mechanical and histomorphological characteristics of lumbar vertebral bones and discs of rats with calcium free diet (CFD) were detected and tracked by using high resolution in-vivo micro-computed tomography (in-vivo micro-CT), finite element (FE) and histological analysis. Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old, approximate weight 170g) were randomly divided into two groups (CFD group: 10, NOR group: 10). The CFD group was maintained on a refined calcium-controlled semisynthetic diet without added calcium, to induce osteoporosis. All lumbars (L1~L6) were scanned by using in vivo micro-CT with 35 μm resolution at 0, 4, 8 weeks to track the effects of CFD on the generation of osteoporosis. The results of morphological characteristics showed that BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N in CFD group were significantly decreased over time (p<0.05), while those in NOR group were statistically increased over time (p<0.05) in the most lumbars (L1~L6). We also investigated the contrary tendency in Tb.Sp and SMI, compared to the above results in each group. In the simulated compression test using FE models, the structural effective modulus of CFD group significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas that of NOR group was statistically increased, depending on the measuring time (p<0.05). The present study observed remarkable histological changes of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrous by water loss in CFD group, compared with NOR group. These findings indicated that calcium insufficiency was the main factor in the generation of osteoporosis and it induced lumbar vertebral disc degeneration. This study is a valuable experiment to firstly evaluate osteoporotic vertebral bone and disc degeneration induced by malnutrition during growth period from a biomechanical and histomorphometrical point of view.

Quantitative comparison of histological subtypes in seborrheic keratosis using computer-aided image analysis

( Je Byeong Chae ),( Bo Ri Kim ),( Chong Won Choi ),( Sang Woong Youn ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.2

Background: Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is traditionally classified into 4 major histological subtypes: hyperkeratotic, acanthotic, adenoid, and irritated. This classification, however, is based on visual characteristics, which can be subjective, rather than on objective criteria based on quantified parameters. Objectives: The aim of our study was to describe the histological features of each subtype of SK with quantified values, using computer-aided image analysis and to objectively compare the differences in histopathological findings among the SK subtypes. Methods: We retrospectively collected histological photographs of 181 biopsy-proven SK lesions. The major histopathological findings of SK were quantitatively assessed using Image J software. Results: Hyperkeratosis (708.43±1095.27 μm) and papillomatosis (26.39±9.27 /μm) were predominant in the hyperkeratotic subtype, while acanthosis (489.44±346.89 μm) was relatively mild among the subtypes. Conversely, the acanthotic subtype showed pronounced acanthosis (749.25±375.13 μm) with slight hyperkeratosis (99.57±81.69 μm) and papillomatosis (6.35±7.39 /μm). The characteristic feature of the irritated subtype was prominent inflammatory cell infiltration (11.23±3.86 %). Conclusion: Our study introduced a method of computer-aided image analysis to quantify the histopathologic findings of SK and objectively proved the difference between each histological subtype.

여교잡을 통한 케나프 바이오매스 우수 계통 선발

이인석(In-Sok Lee),강찬호(Chan-Ho Kang),이진재(Jin-Jae Lee),김희준(Hee-Jun Kim) 한국육종학회 2021 한국육종학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Multipurpose utilization, including as rope, pulp, and filtration media, is what makes kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) special. Thisexperiment was conducted to select elite pedigrees with high biomass production through backcrosses. The agronomic performance, fuelcharacteristics, and histological analysis of the elite lines were investigated at the BC1F2 generation in comparison with the Control. Significantdifferences were observed in 12 evaluations of variety and pedigrees. Five plants, including the two Controls (Jangdae and Hongma300) andthree pedigrees, showed a large difference in the number of flowering days from July 5 to September 30. The plant height of BC100-10(447 cm) was the highest among the genotypes. Regarding branch number, BC100-15 showed the best performance with 29 branches. Stemdry weight was found to be the lowest in Jangdea at 792 g, whereas BC100-17 showed the highest dry weight. Hongma did not set seedsowing to late flowering. However, with 34 g/plant on average, three elite lines had more seeds than Jangdae (16 g/plant), which are vulnerableto decay owing to viviparous germination. In the fuel characteristics analysis, the heating value of the three elite lines ranged from 4,510to 4,930 kcal/kg, which was much higher than that of the two Controls (4,320 kcal/kg). The ash content analysis indicated the lowest valueat 3.2% for the line BC100-10, which was similar to Korea’s 3rd-grade. Based on the histological analysis of the stem, the pedigrees wereclose to Hongma. Taken together, these three elite lines would be useful as genetic resources for high biomass production.