우리나라 노인의 구강건강상태 및 관리행태와 주관적 건강상태와의 관련성: 제7기 국민건강영양조사(2016-2018)를 이용하여

홍주희 ( Joo Hee Hong ),이용재 ( Yongjae Lee ),김태현 ( Taehyun Kim ),김노을 ( Roeul Kim ),정우진 ( Woojin Chung ) 한국보건행정학회 2021 보건행정학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Background: It is getting important to improve the oral health status of the elderly because oral health status may affect their health status of the whole body. In this respect, we aimed to explore the association of oral health status and behavior factors with self-rated health status by sex. Methods: Using the data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for health surveys and oral examinations (2016-2018), we analyzed a total of 3,070 people aged 65 or older (men: 1,329; women: 1,741). Our dependent variable, self-rated health status, was divided into two groups: not good (bad and very bad) and good (very good, good, and fair), whereas our independent variables of interest were oral health status and behavior factors. In addition to descriptive analysis and the Rao-Scott chi-square test, reflecting survey characteristics, we conducted hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for socio-demographics and health status and behavior factors. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results: The proportion of people having ‘not good’ self-rated health was 36.5% in women but 24.5% in men. In a model adjusted for all covariates, the self-rated health status showed significant association with the self-rated oral health status. For example, in men, the risk of having ‘not good’ self-rated health was high in people having ‘poor’ (odds ratio [OR], 5.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.34-12.03) self-rated oral health status and in those having ‘fair’ (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.68-9.70) in comparison with those having ‘good’ self-rated oral health status. Dental status regarding speaking difficulty seemed to be very important in influencing self-rated health status. For instance, in women, compared to people having ‘no discomfort’ speaking difficulty, the risk of having ‘not good’ self-rated health was high in people having ‘not bad’ (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.14-2.24) and ‘discomfort’ (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.30-2.47) speaking difficulty. The covariates significantly associated with the risk of having ‘not good’ self-rated health were: physical activity, chronic disease, stress, and body mass index in both sexes; health insurance type and drinking only in men; and economic activity only in women. Conclusion: Oral health status and behavioral factors were associated with self-rated health status among the elderly, differently by sex. This suggests that public health policies toward better health in the elderly should take their oral health status and oral health behaviors into account in a sex-specific way.

노인들의 사회경제적 수준과 건강수준, 건강행태와의 관계

이석구,전소연,Lee, Sok-Goo,Jeon, So-Youn 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: To analyze the relationships of socioeconomic status(SES) to health status and health behaviors in the elderly. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 4,587 persons, older than 65 years, living in a community. We measured the sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status (subjective health status, acute disease, admission experience, dental state, chronic disease etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSEK). Binary and multinominal logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze factors affecting on the socioeconomic status of the elderly. Results: With regard to the SES and health status, those with a low SES had poorer subjective health states and lower satisfaction about their physical health. Also, acute disease experiences, admission rates and tooth deciduation rates were higher in those of low SES. In the view of physical and cognitive functions, the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K scores were also lower in those of low SES. However, with regard to health behaviors, lower smoking and alcohol drinking rates were found in the low SES group, and a similar trend was shown with regular physical exercise, eating breakfast, and regular physical health check-up. From these findings, we surmise that those with low SES have a poorer health condition and less money to spend on health, therefore, they can not smoke or drink alcohol, exercise and or have a physical health check-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic status plays an important role in health behaviors and status of the elderly. Low socioeconomic status bring about unhealthy behavior and poor health status in the elderly. Therefore, more specific target oriented(esp. low SES persons) health promotion activities for the elderly are very important to improve not only their health status, but their health inequity also.

다중로지스틱 회귀모형을 이용한 구강건강관련 삶의 질과 사회경 제적위치의 연관성 분석

신선정 ( Sun Jung Shin ),정원균 ( Won Gyun Chung ),안용순 ( Yong Soon Ahn ),마득상 ( Deuk Sang Ma ),박덕영 ( Deok Young Park ),정세환 ( Se Hwan Jung ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2011 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives. The study assessed the association between socio-economic status (SES) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) for elderly Koreans, and determined the role of oral health status, oral health behaviors and general health status on this association using multi-variate logistic regression models. Methods. The study population was elderly (≥65-years-of-age) residents of Wonju-City, Gangwon province recruited from five elder welfare institutions. Education level and household income were selected as measures of SES. To assess socio-economic inequalities in OHRQoL, multi-variable logistic regression models were used. A model adjusting for socio-demographic factors (Model I) was compared to models additionally adjusting for oral health behaviors (Model II), oral health status (Model III), general health status (Model IV) and all factors (Model V). Results. One hundred fifty nine people were invited to participate, and the response rate was 97.5% (n=155). Lower SES was significantly associated with lower score of OHRQoL. Oral health behaviors, oral health status and general health status explained part of the social inequalities in OHRQoL. The social gradient score of OHRQoL persisted when adjusted for oral health behaviors, oral health status and general health status. Conclusions. An association between SES and OHRQoL was evident for elderly Koreans. Oral health behaviors, oral health status and general health status were factors affecting the association. Longitudinal research is required to determine the specific role of the association between SES and OHRQoL.

시설노인과 재가노인의 가족지지, 자존감 및 건강상태 비교연구

김귀분 ( Kwuy Bun Kim ),이경호 ( Kyung Ho Lee ) 경희대학교 동서간호학연구소 2000 동서간호학연구지 Vol.5 No.1

This study aims to provide the fundamental data for substantial nursing intervention in the elderly through a comparative appreciation on family support, self-esteem, and health status between the institutionalized elderly people and the homestaying ones. The subjects of this study are the institutionalized 108 elderly people of E and C Public Homes and the home-staying 109 elderly ones of O-Nho In Jeong(a kind of public recreational facilities for the aged) over the age of 65. The instruments for this research are based upon the tool(11 items, 5 points for each) for measuring family support developed by Choi, Young Hee(1984), a self-esteem scale done by Rosenberg (1965), the tools(20 items) for checking the health status of the elderly done by Lee, Young-Ja(1989). The sampling for this study has been carried on from July, 2000 until November, 2000. Questionnaire data were drawn up by personal interviews. The analyses of collected data are based on general characteristics calculated at the rate of 100 percentage to the average, t-test, ANOVA(some difference on a level with p<.05 being subsequently confirmed by DMR) for family support, self-esteem and health status, and Pearson Correlation to verify the hypothetical correlation among the subjects` family support, self-esteem and health status. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The difference between two groups in the light of family support, self-esteem and health status. ① Family support-The rate of the family support that the institutionalized elderly people perceive turned out to be 22.13, that of the home-staying ones 30.99. ② Self-esteem-The rate of the self-esteem that the former perceives proved to be 25.59, that of the latter 32.28. ③ Health Status-The rate of the health status that the former perceives turned out to be 39.67, that of the latter 51.60. 2. Family support, self-esteem, health status in terms of demographic characteristic ① Family support-The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by the death or life of the spouse and the number of the children; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the educational level ② Self-esteem-The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the amount of pocket money, the pocket money provider and the family main supporter. ③ Health Status-The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by age, the death or life of spouse, religion, and the educational level. 3. Correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status The rate of correlation between family support and health status proved to be the highest (r=.549). After came the rate of correlation between health status and self-esteem, which turned out to be(r=.506). The last came the rate of correlation between family support and self-esteem, which proved to be(r=.406). According to this study, there is a conspicuously close correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status for the elderly. Thus, it would be indispensible to seek out a variety of nursing intervention ways how the elderly could promote family support, self-esteem, and health status.

건강관련 대인커뮤니케이션과 경제수준이 신체적 정신적 건강증진행위에 미치는 영향

전려홍(Lihong Quan),서미혜(Mihye Seo) 한국언론정보학회 2018 한국언론정보학보 Vol.91 No.-

본 연구는 경제수준을 개인의 객관적·주관적 경제수준과 개인이 거주하는 커뮤니티의 경제수준으로 나누고, 다양한 차원의 경제적 요인이 개인의 신체적 정신적 건강에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지 종합적으로 검토하고자 했다. 이와 함께, 건강 캠페인이나 전문가와의 대화가 아니라 일상생활에서 이루어지는 가족, 친구, 이웃과의 건강에 대한 대화가 개인의 건강증진행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 연구가설을 검증하기 위해 서울특별시 각 구의 가구당 평균소득을 파악한 후 평균 경제수준이 높은 3개구와 낮은 3개 구에 거주하는 만 20세 이상 성인 259명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 객관적 경제수준은 신체적 정신적 건강증진행위에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못했다. 하지만, 주관적 경제수준은 신체적 건강증진행위와 정적 관련을 맺고 있을 뿐 아니라, 개인과 커뮤니티의 객관적 경제수준이 신체적 증진행위에 미치는 영향을 매개하기도 했다. 일상에서 다른 사람들과 건강에 대한 대화를 많이 나눌수록 신체적 건강증진행위와 정신적 건강증진행위를 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구는 건강관련 대인커뮤니케이션, 경제수준, 그리고 개인의 건강증진 행동과의 관계를 20명의 성인을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 통해 추가적으로 살펴보았다. 심층 인터뷰를 통해 일상생활에서 사람들이 가족, 친구, 이웃과 어떤 맥락에서 어떤 내용을 중심으로 건강에 대한 대화를 나누는지, 건강을 유지 증진하기 위해 하는 행동은 어떠한 것들이 있는지, 개인과 커뮤니티의 경제수준은 개인의 건강증진행동과 어떤 관련을 맺고 있는지에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고자 하였다. 본 연구는 개인의 건강증진행위가 개인적 차원과 커뮤니티 차원의 다양한 요소로부터 영향을 받는다는 결론을 통해 한국사회의 공공건강을 증진하는 데 실증적 제안을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This paper aims to examine the effects of various economic status factors on individual’s mental and physical health comprehensively by dividing the economic status into the individual’s objective and subjective economic status and the economic status of the community where the individual lives. This study also investigates how health-related conversations in daily life, rather than health campaigns and conversation with experts, affect individual’s behaviors of maintaining and enhancing health. An online survey data was collected from 259 adults who are live in three lowest economic status districts and three highest economic status districts in Seoul. The results showed that the objective economic status was not directly linked to mental and physical health-enhancing behaviors; however, as subjective economic status increased, the physical health-enhancing behaviors also increased. The results also indicate that the more health-related conversation people had in their daily life, the more mental and physical health-enhancing behaviors they tended to practice. This study further conducted the in-depth interviews with 20 adults from the same selected districts reported above and probed the relationships between various economic status, health-related interpersonal communication and health-enhancing behaviors. Through the in-depth interviews, this study found in what contexts are people having health-related conversations with their family members, friends, and neighbors, and what contents do they mainly talk about; what do they do for enhancing health; and what is the relationship between the economic status of individual and community and health-enhancing behaviors. In conclusion, we found that individual’s health-enhancing behaviors were influenced by various economic status factors such as individual and community economic status, which could provide some suggestions for promoting the public health of Korean society.

An Epidemiological Study for Desirable Health Habits Affecting Workers' Health Status

Lee, Myung-Sun Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 2002 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.19 No.4

This study identified the health habits affecting health status of industrial workers. Data was collected from 965 workers in 58 companies at Buchon. The research conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey and obtained the workers' health examination records. The results were as follows: 1. Among 965 respondents, men were 82.4%, women were 17.6%, 44.5% were of the 30${\sim}$40 age group, the married were 67.4%, the single were 30.8%, high school graduates were 81.1% and 38.8% were of people who worked between 1 and 5 years 2. As far as the seven health habits, current smokers were 52.8%, people who regularly exercise was 28.5%, 7${\sim}$8 hour of sleep, on the average were 71.4%, people eating breakfast nearly every day were 8.8%, and people eating between meals almost every day were 46.5%. Heavy drinkers who drink 3${\sim}$4 times or more per week were 14.2%, 1${\sim}$2 times per week were 32.6% and the obese were 9.3%. 3, Health status of A and B, estimated by doctors in the health examination were 80.8% and C, D1, D2, the unhealthy were 19.2%. For men, those who reported more than women in unhealthy groups and the results regarding health status reflects those for gender, educational level and age. That is to say that, lower educational level group and over 30 years of age group perceive their health to be worse than the higher educational level and under 30 age group. And these differences were statistically significant. 4. The relationship between health habits and health status were examined based on the odds ratio. Current smokers had a consistently worse health status than a non smokers with a 1.98 odds ratio. The workers who reported eating breakfast rarely or never were more associated with the unhealthy group than the regular breakfast eating group with a 2.96 odds ratio. One or more drink per week had a worse health status than a never or a little drinker with a 1.56 odds ratio. 5. General health habit score and duration of work were selected as significant factors influencing health status from the result of logistic regression analysis. According to the results of this model, the odds ratio of good health status was 2.08 for good health habit score, 1.63 for workers who worked five years or more duration at work. In summary, good health habits were associated with good health status. In particular, the workers who had 5 or more desirable health habits had a significantly better health status than the workers who had 4 or less than 4 good health habits. Therefore, in order to provide the health promotion programs to workers it is necessary to organize clear health management plans based on effective health education and health service perspective. If further research examines health habits and health status using a prospective study design, More precise findings for health promotion program development in the worksite and worksite health management planning.

Health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged men by marital status: Korea Community Health Study, 2015

Yongho Jee,Youngtae Cho 한국역학회 2019 Epidemiology and Health Vol.41 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with household composition and living arrangements, which partially explain observed differences in health status according to marital status. However, due to the rapid socioeconomic and demographic transformations of the last few decades, the distribution of marital status among middle-aged adults has become more diverse. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain up-to-date information on the associations between marital status and health and to investigate the implications of these findings for conventional explanations of the health effects of marriage. METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 Korean Community Health Study. We compared 4 modifiable lifestyle behaviors-smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and self-rated health status-as outcome variables in association with marital status in Korean middle-aged men (age 40-44) living in Seoul and other regions. RESULTS: Married men showed the lowest cigarette smoking prevalence and the highest subjective health status both before and after adjusting for education and income. The odds of engaging in vigorous physical activity did not show a major difference before and after adjustment for income and education. CONCLUSIONS: In married men, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was lowest and subjective health status was highest, similar to previous studies. However, the prevalence of engaging in physical activity was highest in divorced/widowed/separated men. The health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged adults should be more closely followed, since they are representative of demographic changes in the Korean population.

Health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged men by marital status: Korea Community Health Study, 2015

지용호,조영태 한국역학회 2019 Epidemiology and Health Vol.41 No.-

composiOBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that marital status is associated with household composition and living arrangements, which partially explain observed differences in health status according to marital status. However, due to the rapid socioeconomic and demographic transformations of the last few decades, the distribution of marital status among middle-aged adults has become more diverse. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain up-to-date information on the associations between marital status and health and to investigate the implications of these findings for conventional explanations of the health effects of marriage. METHODS: The data for this study were obtained from the 2015 Korean Community Health Study. We compared 4 modifiable lifestyle behaviors—smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and self-rated health status—as outcome variables in association with marital status in Korean middle-aged men (age 40-44) living in Seoul and other regions. RESULTS: Married men showed the lowest cigarette smoking prevalence and the highest subjective health status both before and after adjusting for education and income. The odds of engaging in vigorous physical activity did not show a major difference before and after adjustment for income and education. CONCLUSIONS: In married men, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was lowest and subjective health status was highest, similar to previous studies. However, the prevalence of engaging in physical activity was highest in divorced/widowed/separated men. The health behaviors and health status of Korean middle-aged adults should be more closely followed, since they are representative of demographic changes in the Korean population.

The Effects of the Optometry Students’ Healthcare Condition and Subjective Health Status on Eye Health

Youngju An,Ka Ul Choi,Se-Jin Kim 대한시과학회 2021 대한시과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

목적 : 안경광학과 대학생의 건강관리 실태와 눈 건강상태를 조사하여 건강관련 특성요인을 파악하고 눈 건강에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한다. 방법 : 충남지역 안경광학과 대학생 196명에게 온라인으로 일반적 특성(3)과 건강관련 특성(7), 지각된 눈 건강상태(5)의 총 15개 문항을 설문 조사하였다. 지각된 눈 건강상태는 리커트 5점 척도를 사용하였으며, 점수가 높을수록 눈 건강상태가 나쁘다. 분석방법은 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 사용하였으며 통계적으로 유의수준은 p<0.050 기준으로 하였다. 결과 : 흡연을 하는 학생은 눈 건강상태 중 눈의 피로감과 충혈 증상, 눈꺼풀이 무겁다고 느끼는 정도가 많았다. 일주일동안 운동 횟수가 5회 이상인 학생은 눈의 피로감과 충혈 증상이 적었고, 규칙적인 식사를 하는 경우 눈의 충혈 증상이 적었다. 여가활동 시간이 긴 학생은 눈의 충혈과 눈꺼풀이 무겁다고 느끼는 정도가 적었고, 주 관적 건강상태가 좋다고 응답한 학생은 눈의 피로감과 통증, 눈꺼풀 무겁다고 느끼는 정도가 적었다. 주관적 건강 상태는 눈 건강상태와 음의 상관관계로 주관적 건강상태가 나쁠수록 눈 건강상태의 좋지 않았다. 결론 : 안경광학과 대학생들은 건강의 기본이 되는 규칙적인 식사와 운동을 소홀히 하고 있었으며, 주관적 건강상태와 운동 횟수, 여가활동 시간이 눈 건강에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 예비 안경사인 안경광학과 대학생들은 스스로의 건강행위를 지각하여 규칙적인 식사와 운동, 여가활동 등의 건강한 습관 형성과 눈 건강관리의 중요성에 대해 인지할 필요가 있다. Purpose : This study aims to identify health-related characteristic factors and find out their impacts on eye health, investigating the healthcare condition and eye health status of optometry students. Methods : An online survey of 15 questions including general characteristics (3), health-related characteristics (7), and perceived eye health status (5) was conducted with 196 optometry students in Chungcheongnam-do. For the perceived eye health status, a 5-point likert scale was applied, and the higher the score, the worse the eye health status becomes. For the method of analysis, SPSS 18.0 statistical program was applied, and the statistical significance level was based on p<0.050. Results : Smoking students felt much fatigue, hyperemia and eyelid heaviness in the eye health status. The students who exercised more than five times per week had less fatigue and hyperemia, and those who had regular meals had less hyperemia. The students who had longer leisure time felt less hyperemia and eyelid heaviness, and those who responded that they had good subjective health status felt less fatigue, pain, and eyelid heaviness. Subjective health status showed a negative correlation with eye health status, and the worse the subjective health status, the worse the eye health status became. Conclusion : Optometry students neglected regular meals and exercise, the basics of health. It was found that subjective health status, the number of times of exercise, and leisure activity time affected eye health. Therefore, Optometry students who are prospective optometrists need to be aware of their own healthy behaviors, forming healthy habits such as regular meals, exercise and leisure activities, and the importance of eye health management.

Good subjective health status and health-related quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease: A secondary analysis using the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey in 2019 and 2020

Jena Lee,Yujin Suh 한국지역사회간호학회 2023 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to describe subjective health status of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), identify factors that affect good subjective health status and investigate the relationship between good subjective health status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people with CKD. Methods: This secondary analysis utilized data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2019-2020. Participants (N=295) had an eGFR of ≤59 mL/min/1.73 ㎡. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting good subjective health status and examine the association between good subjective health status and HRQOL. Results: Among all participants, 61.4% had good subjective health status, and the HRQOL index was 0.88 in people with CKD. Household income, activity limitation, stress, and the number of comorbidities in people with CKD were associated with good subjective health status. People with better subjective health status were more likely to be satisfied with self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort in HRQOL. Conclusion: Good subjective health status is associated with better HRQOL. Therefore, subjective health status should be assessed early, and a nursing intervention program should be developed considering factors that can improve subjective health status in people with CKD.