서식지 적합 지수를 이용한 멸종위기식물 단양쑥부쟁이와 층층둥굴레의 대체서식지 평가

이보은,김정욱,김남일,김재근 한국습지학회 2017 한국습지학회지 Vol.19 No.4

4대강 사업 공사로 인해 한강수계에서 자생하던 멸종위기 야생생물 II급인 단양쑥부쟁이와 층층둥굴레의 서식지가 소실되어 이에 대한 대안으로 대체서식지가 조성되었다. 본 연구에서는 조성된 대체서식지가 각 종의 서식에 적합 한지를 파악하기 위하여 서식지 적합 지수(Habitat Suitability Index; HSI)를 이용하였다. 2015년 10월부터 2016년 7월까지 경기도 여주 강천섬과 섬강 일대에 위치한 단양쑥부쟁이 대체서식지와 강천섬과 충북 충주 영죽지구에 위 치한 층층둥굴레 대체서식지를 대상으로 HSI를 평가하였다. 단양쑥부쟁이의 평가 변수로는 서식 기질(매몰되지 않 은 자갈의 비율), 고도 범위, 토양 양분, 광 조건 4가지를 선정하였고, 층층둥굴레는 토성, 광 조건, 동반 위해종의 피도 3가지를 선정하여 HSI를 이용한 대체서식지 적합성 평가를 수행하였다. 평가 결과, 강천섬의 단양쑥부쟁이 (HSI = 0.839)와 층층둥굴레(HSI = 0.846)의 대체서식지 모두 비교적 높은 적합지수를 나타내었으나, 섬강 일대의 단양쑥부쟁이 대체서식지와 영죽지구의 층층둥굴레 대체서식지는 대체서식지로서 적합하지 않음으로 판단되었다 (HSI = 0). 또한 이들 부적합한 대체서식지의 경우, 자생지 인근에서 서식에 적합한 장소를 새로이 선정하는 것이 더 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 식물종에 대해 HSI를 적용한 국내 최초의 시도로, 식물 서식처에 대한 HSI의 효용성을 증명하였다. As a result of the Four-River Restoration Project in Korea, the habitat of endangered plant species of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and Polygonatum stenophyllum, which had been natively grown in the riparian zone of Namhan River, was destroyed and artificial replacement habitats were created. In this study, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was used to determine whether the replacement habitats are suitable for each species or not. From October 2015 to July 2016, Habitat Evaluate Procedures (HEP) were conducted on two replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae (Gangcheonsum and Sum-River) and on two replacement habitats of P. stenophyllum (Gangcheonsum and Youngjuk) in the Namhan River watershed. As evaluation parameters for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae habitat, habitat matrix (ratio of unburied gravel), height above the ordinary water level, soil nutrients, and light conditions were selected and for P. stenophyllum habitat, soil texture, light conditions, and coverage of companion species were selected. HSI was applied to evaluate the suitability of each replacement habitat. According to the result of the evaluation, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and P. stenophyllum located in Gangcheonsum have relatively high HSI values as 0.839 and 0.846, respectively. On the other hand, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in Sum-River and P. stenophyllum in Youngjuk zone have HSI value of 0, indicating unsuitable habitats for these species. This is the first attempt to apply HSI for plant species in Korea and proved the usefulness of HSI on plants.

Developing habitat suitability index for habitat evaluation of Nannophya koreana Bae (Odonata: Libellulidae)

김홍근,장래하,김선령,Tho Jae-Hwa,정진우,정석환,윤영준 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.4

Background: The Korean scarlet dwarf, Nannophya koreana Bae (Odonata: Libellulidae), is anendangered dragonfly with an increasing risk of extinction owing to rapid climate changes and human activities. To prevent extinction, the N. koreana population and their habitat should be protected. Therefore, suitable habitat evaluation is important to build the N. koreana restoration project. The habitat suitability index model (HSI) has been widely used for habitat evaluation in diverse organisms. Results: To build a suitable HSI model for N. koreana, 16 factors were examined by seven experienced researchers. A field survey for N. koreana observed sites and spatial analysis were conducted to improve the model. Five factors were finally selected by this procedure (crown density, open water surface, water depth, pioneer plant cover, and type of water source). Finally, the N. koreana HSI model was generated with the five adjusted factors based on interview, field survey, and spatial analysis. This model was validated by a current N. koreana habitat in 2021. With this model, 46 sites in Uljin-gun, Korea, were surveyed for N. koreana habitats; five sites were identified as core habitats and seven as potential core habitats. Conclusions: This model will serve as a strong foundation for the N. koreana restoration project and as a reference for future studies on N. koreana and other endangered insect populations. Further analysis and long-term data will improve the efficacy of this model and restore endangered wildlife.

서식지 선호도 및 품질 평가 모형의 신뢰성 개선: 한국 고라니의 경우

정지향,김성수 한국신뢰성학회 2022 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: Predicting the occurrence of wild species at the landscape level is a crucial task for environmental managers and conservation biologists. Modeling and evaluating wildlife habitat quality based on the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique provides new opportunities for enhancing model predictability. Methods: We developed a GIS-based habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in Chungnam province, Korea, where they are a significant cause of damage to vegetables and crops. The model was based primarily on logistic regression analysis and was used to assess the impact of multiple variables, such as landscape patterns and structures, topographic characteristics, and human disturbance, on habitat suitability for the species. After developing the model, we employed it to produce a habitat-suitability map. Results: The HSI model yielded a p-value of 0.339 (χ² = 9.033) and a 74.0% correct prediction rate for the overall predicted data. The model also demonstrated that 42.4% of the province is covered in poor-quality habitat, while Korean water deer prefer fair-quality habitats (mean HSI = 0.50). In addition, the observation probability increased when HSI values rose, meaning that the model has good predictive power. Conclusion: Associations between landscape patterns and habitat requirements could be utilized to build accurate, easy-to-apply, predictive models for the habitats of wild species. The HSI model and habitat-suitability map provide solid foundations on which to build effective wildlife management and Agri-Environment policies with local governments to conserve endangered species.

Development of a habitat suitability index for the habitat restoration of Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurusawa

장래하,김선령,정진우,Tho Jae-Hwa,정석환,윤영준 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.4

Background: We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Pedicularis hallaisanensis, a Grade II Endangered Species in South Korea. To determine the habitat variables, we conducted a literature review on P. hallaisanensis with a specific focus on the associated spatial factors, climate, topography, threats, and soil factors to derive five environmental factors that influence P. hallaisanensis habitats. The specific variables were defined based on the collected data and consultations with experts in the field, with the validity of each variable tested through field studies. Results: Mt. Seorak had a suitable habitat area of 2.48 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.62% of total area) and 0.01 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Bangtae had a suitable habitat area of 0.03 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.02% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Gaya showed 0.13 km2 of suitable habitat for sites with a score of 1 (0.17% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Lastly, Mt. Halla showed 3.12 km2 of suitable habitat related to sites with a score of 1 (2.04% of total area) and 4.08 km2 of sites with a score of 0.9 (2.66% of total area). Mt. Halla accounts for 73.1% of the total core habitat area. Considering the climatic, soil, and forest conditions together with standardized collection sites, our results indicate that Mt. Halla should be viewed as a core habitat of P. hallaisanensis. Conclusions: The findings in this study provide useful data for the identification of core habitat areas and potential alternative habitats to prevent the extinction of the endangered species, P. hallaisanensis. Furthermore, the developed HSI model allows for the prediction of suitable habitats based on the ecological niche of a given species to identify its unique distribution and causal factors.

Developing and testing a habitat suitability index model for Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and its potential for landscape management decisions in Korea

Jung, Jihyang,Shimizu, Yo,Omasa, Kenji,Kim, Sungsu,Lee, Sangdon The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2016 Animal cells and systems Vol.20 No.4

Geographic information system (GIS) and landscape-level data offer a new opportunity for modeling and evaluating the quality of wildlife habitats. Models of habitat quality have not been developed for some species, and existing models could be improved by incorporating updated information on wildlife-habitat relationships and habitat variables. We developed a GIS-based habitat suitability index (HSI) model for the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus), which often causes human-wildlife conflicts in the Chungnam Province of Korea because of industrialization and urbanization. The model is based on logistic regression analysis, which addresses the impact of multiple habitat variables, such as habitat components, topographic characteristics, and human disturbances. The model yielded a p-value of .289 (<TEX>${\chi}^2=9.672$</TEX>) and 65.4% correct prediction level with the overall observation-prediction comparison data. The model demonstrated that a large portion of the province (61.6%) could be regarded as a poor habitat (mean HSI value of the province = 0.22), while the current habitats of the province could be considered of moderate quality (mean HSI value = 0.31). In addition, the chance of observation of the deer increases as the HSI level increases, which means that the model yields a good predictive power. Lastly, we used the model to produce a habitat suitability map. Our HSI model enabled us to quantify habitat preferences, which could be the basis for decision-making on habitat protection, mitigation, and enhancement of the Korean water deer. The proposed model is also applicable for improving and enhancing the existing management practices, as well as for establishing an effective wildlife protection policy.

서식지적합지수를 활용한 서해안 보령 갯벌어장의 바지락 서식지 평가

전승렬,홍석진,옹신정,전준협,강정하,박광재,정희도 한국패류학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.36 No.3

The habitat of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was assessed using habitat suitability index (HSI) factors considering growth (Chlorophyll a, Hydrodynamics), survival (Sediment-sand, Exposure time) and water- environment (Dissolved oxygen, Salinity). As a result, data layer assessed Manila clam habitat, it was possible to calculate the preferred area. Consequently, it was found that areas which seemed to prefer for Manila clams (HSI > 0.5) covers 1.23 km2 (Weight) out of 5.32 km2 and (HSI < 0.5) covers 4.09 km2 (Weight) out of 5.32 km2. Based on these results, it is estimated that Manila clams preferred habitat can be distinguished in areas other than the Boryeong tidal flat. Additionally, continuous environmental monitoring will have to be carried out for habitat management of tidal flats, and it is expected that these studies will develop habitat-based evaluation methods.

유량증분방법론에 의한 생태유량 산정 모형의 비교연구

장경호,박영기,김경오,정만 한국환경기술학회 2017 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was analyzed the ecological flow rate based on physical characteristics of fish habitat. Habitat model is composed of Habitat Suitabilitye Index(HSI) and model of hydraulics. In this process, the CASiMiR model used for computing the habitat suitability Index under Fuzzy-techniques, and PHABSIM and River2D model is simulated for ecological flow rate which used the habitat suitability curve. By using these three models, the ecological flow rate and weighted usable area are computed. There is no fishes monitoring data for long period, It was introduced that Ganghyeonsik HSI was substituted for habitat suitability index. The ecological flow rate that reflects the characteristics of HSI, which was evaluated by models and reach of stream. It was desireable method that Determination for the reasonable ecological flow rate estimated through the comparative analysis. 본 연구는 어종 서식처의 물리학 특성을 토대로 생태유량을 분석했다. 서식처 모형은 서식처적합도지수와 수리모형으로 구성된다. 이 과정에서, CASiMiR 모형은 Fuzzy-techniques의 서식처적합도지수로 모의를 수행하였고 PHABSIM과 River2D 모형은 서식처적합도지수를 사용하여 생태유량을 계산하였다. 이들 3개 모형을 사용하여, 생태유량과 가중가용면적을 산정하였다. 대상하천의 어류 모니터링 자료가 부재하여 강형식의 서식처적합도지수를 사용하여 HSI의 특성을 반영한 생태유량을 모형별, 하천구간별로 평가했다. 모형별, 구간별로 합리성 있는 하천의 생태유량을 비교, 해석함으로써 그 유량의 적정한 모의 방법을 제안하였다.

금강수계 하천에서의 어류 서식처적합도지수 산정

강형식(Kang Hyeongsik),임동균(Im Dongkyun),허준욱(Hur Jun Wook),김규호(Kim Kyu-Ho) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.31 No.2B

최근 하천 환경 및 생태학적 관심도가 증가함에 따라 다양한 하천 복원 및 서식 환경 조성 사업이 수행되고 있다. 서식처 복원 사업에 있어 중요한 것은 서식처에 필요한 유량을 산정하는 것이고, 이를 위해 미국 및 유럽의 많은 국가에서 유지유량증분법을 이용하여 서식처 필요유량을 산정하고 있다. 유지유량증분법은 하천 흐름과 관련되어 있는 생물의 서식처 평가와 적정 유량을 설정할 수 있는 개념으로서, 대상하천에서 유지유량증분법을 적용하기 위해서는 생물에 대한 서식처적합도지수가 반드시 필요하다. 그러나 국내의 경우 과거 현장 모니터링을 통해 피라미와 참갈겨니에 대한 적합도지수만이 존재하기 때문에 다양한 어종에 대한 서식처 유량을 산정하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 금강수계의 현장 모니터링을 통해 수심 및 유속과 같은 물리자료, 산성도 및 용존산소량과 같은 화학자료, 그리고 어종 및 개체수와 같은 생물자료를 구축하였다. 확보된 2,736개의 자료를 바탕으로 피라미, 침갈겨니, 돌마자, 쉬리, 돌고기, 모래무지 등 6가지 어종에 대한 서식처적합도지수를 산정하였으며, 기존에 제시된 서식처적합도지수와의 비교를 통해 새로운 서식처적합도지수를 제안하였다. 또한 각 어종별 프루드수, 산성도, 용존산소의 범위를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 서식처적합도지수는 하천사업의 평가를 수행하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. With the recent growth of environmental and ecological interests, various river restoration and habitat environment creation projects are being carried out. For this, the estimation of the habitat flow discharge is important. In U.S. and Europe nations, The instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) has been used to estimate the habitat discharge. IFIM is the method that can be applied to evaluate the flow discharge for the suitable habitat. To use the IFIM in river, a habitat suitability index(HSI) for the target organism is needed. However, HSIs for only two species of Zacco platypus and Zacco temminckii were proposed from the field monitoring. Thus, for the estimation of the ecological flow rate for a group of fish, the development of the HSIs for various fish are necessary. In this study, physical data such as water level and flow rate, chemical data such as acidity and dissolved oxygen, and life data such as fish types and population are collected in Keum river watershed. Based on the 2,736 field data, HSIs for the following 6 fish are developed: Zacco platypus, Zacco temminckii, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Pungtungia herzi, Pseudogobio esocinus. Through the comparison with HSIs in the literature, the developed HSIs are modified. Also, the limits of Froude number, pH, and DO for 6 fish are proposed. The HSIs developed in this study can be utilized as a essential data for performing river project evaluations.

퍼지논리를 이용한 달천의 물리서식처 모의

정상화,장지연,최성욱 한국수자원학회 2012 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.45 No.2

본 연구에서는 괴산댐 하류 달천에서 성어기 피라미에 대한 물리 서식처 모의를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 퍼지논리에 의한 서식처 적합도 지수를 산정하는 CASiMiR 모형을 이용하였다. 또한 모의결과를 서식처 선호도 곡선을 이용하여 서식처 적합도 지수를 산정할 수 있는 수리모형인 River2D 모형의 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. CASiMiR 모형의 수위 자료는 River2D 모형을 통한 수위계산결과를 활용하였으며 현장측정자료와 비교한 결과 잘 반영하는 것을 확인하였다. 대상구간의 만곡부 상류 직선구간에 있는 여울에서 성어기 피라미의 서식처가 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. CASiMiR 모형의 경우 7.23m3/s의 유량조건에서 가중가용면적이 최대값을 보였고, River2D 모형은 9m3/s의 유량에서 최대 가중가용면적을 예측하였다. 또한 갈수량(Q355), 저수량(Q275), 평수량(Q185), 풍수량(Q95) 유량조건에서 CASiMiR 모형은 River2D 모형에 비해 가중가용면적을 0.3~25.3% 정도 과대 추정하는 결과를 보였다. This study presents a physical habitat modeling of adult Zacco platypus in a reach of the Dalcheon Stream located downstream of the Goesaan Dam. CASiMiR model is used to estimate habitat suitability index based on the fuzzy logic. Results are compared with those from River2D model, which uses habitat preference curve for habitat suitability index. Hydraulic data simulated by River2D are used as input data for CASiMiR model after verification against field measurements. The result shows that the habitat suitability of the adult Zacco platypus is maximum around the riffle area located upstream of the bend. CASiMiR and River2D estimate the maximum weighted usable areas at the discharge rates of 7.23 m3/s and 9.0 m3/s, respectively. Overall comparison of the two models employed in this study indicates that CASiMiR model overestimates the weighted usable area by 0.3~25.3% compared with River2D model in condition of drought flow (Q355), low flow (Q275), normal flow (Q185), and average-wet flow (Q95).

공릉천에서의 어류와 저서무척추 동물에 대한 복합 서식처 적합도 지수의 계산

김승기(Seung Ki Kim),최성욱(Sung-Uk Choi) 응용생태공학회 2017 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.4 No.2

본 연구는 공릉천에서 서식하는 어류와 저서무척추 동물을 대상으로 물리서식처 분석을 실시하였다. 연구대상 어류는 밀어와 피라미, 저서무척추 동물 종은 깔따구류와 줄날도래종을 선정하였다. 어류와 저서무척추 동물의 서식처 적합도 지수는 2010년 수생태계 건강성조사 및 평가사업을 통하여 구축된 생태모니터링 자료를 사용하였다. 복합서식처 적합도 지수의 계산은 가중치법을 이용하였으며, 저서무척추 동물의 경우 계층화분석법을 이용하여 산정된 가중치를 적용하였다. 흐름모의는 2차원 흐름모형인 River2D 모형을 사용하였다. 모의 대상하천의 갈수량, 저수량, 평수량, 풍수량에 대하여 어류와 저서무척추 동물의 복합서식처지수의 분포를 모의하였다. 모의결과 깔따구류와 줄날도래는 각각 소와 여울의 서식처를 선호하였으며, 피라미와 밀어는 여울의 서식처를 선호하는 것으로 모의되었다. This study performed physical habitat simulation for fish and macroinvertebrate species in the Gongneung River. Target fishes were selected as Rhinogobius brunneus and Zacco platypus. Target macroinvertebrate species were selected as Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi and Chironomidae. Habitat suitability curves were constructed by using monitoring data from the monitoring project which is called “the survey and evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health”. For calculation of CSI, weighted mean method was used. For macroinvertebrates species, the weighting factor derived from analytic hierarchy method was considered. River2D, which is capable to simulate flow in two-dimensional space, was selected for flow computation. Composite suitability index was simulated for target fish and macroinvertebrate species for discharge of drought, low, normal, and averaged-wet flow. Simulation results show that Chironomidae and Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi prefer the pool and riffle habitat, respectively. Rhinogobius brunneus and Zacco platypus show high suitability in riffle habitat.