적극적 부모역할 프로그램을 적용한 집단미술치료가 보육교사의 직무스트레스와 자기효능감에 미치는 효과

김현자,문기라 한국미술치료학회 2010 美術治療硏究 Vol.17 No.3

This study is to inquire into the effect of the group art therapy program with AP(Active Parenting Now) and the general group art therapy program on the self-efficacy and the occupational stress of childcare teachers. The study subject was 18 childcare teachers in J city. For nine of them, the group art therapy with AP was carried out, and for the other nine teachers, the general group therapy was carried out. Each programs were carried out during 11 sessions for 120 minutes a week. To compare the effect of the two programs on the two groups, pretest and post test were carried out. The data materials were analyzed by SPSS(17.0 for Windows), and by which ANCOVA was carried out. The results are as follows. Firstly, it is found out that the self-efficacy of the group by the group art therapy program with AP improves more than that of the group by the general group art therapy. Secondly, it is found out that the occupational stress of the group by the group art therapy program with AP reduces more than that of the group by the general group art therapy. These results mean that the group art therapy program with AP, which approaches both on cognitive part by AP education and on emotional part by art therapy is more effective on the improvement of self-efficacy and the reduction of occupational stress than the general group art therapy, which approaches on emotional part by art therapy. Therefore, the group art therapy with AP is expected to contribute to efficient teachings and mental health of childcare teachers. 본 연구는 적극적 부모역할(Active Parenting Now) 프로그램을 적용한 집단미술치료가 보육교사의 직무스트레스와 자기효능감에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 J시의 보육교사 18명으로 9명에게는 적극적 부모역할 Now(Active Parenting Now) 프로그램을 적용한 집단 미술치료프로그램을 실시하였고, 9명에게는 집단미술치료프로그램을 실시하였다. 각 프로그램은 한회기 당 120분씩 주 1회, 총 11회기를 실시하여 집단 간의 효과를 비교하기 위하여 사전, 사후검사를 실시하고 SPSSWIN Program(version 17.0)을 이용하여 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, AP를 적용한 집단미술치료 집단이 집단미술치료집단에 비해 직무스트레스가 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, AP를 적용한 집단미술치료 집단이 집단미술치료집단에 비해 자기효능감이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 AP를 적용한 집단미술치료가 AP교육을 통해 인지적인 부분과 미술치료를 통해 정서적인 부분을 함께 자극하여 정서적인 부분만을 자극한 집단미술치료보다 직무스트레스 감소와 자기효능감 향상에 효과가 있었음을 보여주고 있다. 그러므로 AP를 적용한 집단미술치료가 유아교육현장에서 교사들의 효율적인 교수와 정신건강을 위해 많은 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

A Systematic Review of Group Art Therapy for Korean College Students: Articles Published in Korea

Wei Sun,Bo-ram Park 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.10 No.4

This study aimed to guide the practice of group art therapy among Korean college students through a systematic review. Therefore, 164 studies relevant to group art therapy for Korean undergraduate students published in Korea from January 2001 to June 2021 were selected. This systematic review included 46 publications based on the PICO standards. The author systematically reviewed the included studies, summarized the characteristics and therapy effectiveness, and analyzed the overall research trends. The primary findings were as follows: First, the number of publications on group art therapy among Korean college students has significantly increased. According to a review of group art therapy characteristics, the majority of studies enrolled 6–10 participants (32 studies, 66.7%), applied 6–10 sessions (23 studies, 47.9%), and had an intervention time for each session of 90 minutes (25 studies, 53.2%). Second, research outcomes of group art therapy among Korean college students were grouped into self-related, society-related, emotion-related, and career-related outcomes. Regarding career-related outcomes, all studies found that group art therapy had a statistically significant impact on career-related outcomes, particularly on the levels of career decision-making and maturity. Most studies suggested that group art therapy had a positive effect on self-related, society-related, and emotion-related outcomes, with 6 studies finding no statistically significant effect of group art therapy on college students. Third, the most effective intervention for college students was the media-based group art therapy. In particular, college students had the most effective performance in career-related outcomes. This study is significant in that it uses a systematic review to integrate and summarize research results on group art therapy among college students over the last 20 years. This study revealed that group art therapy could positively and effectively affect Korean college students. Based on this systematic review, we expect to practice and develop group art therapy in Chinese college students with comprehensive guidance and convincing data.

집단미술치료가 입원한 조현병 환자의 정서표현, 정서행동, 대인관계 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

강복인 한국임상치유예술학회 2015 임상예술치료연구 Vol.4 No.1

집단미술치료가 입원한 조현병 환자의 정서표현, 정서행동, 대인관계 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 정신과 전문의에 의해서 정신장애 진단과 통계편람 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV: DSM-IV) 진단기준에 의거 조현병으로 진단받고 D시 정신요양병원에 입원한 200명의 조현병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이 연구는 선정기준에 맞는 조현병 환자 100명 중에서 무작위로 28명을 선정하여 실험집단 14명, 통제집단 14명으로 배정하였다. 실험집단 중에서 중도탈락한 4명과 설문지 응답률이 부적절한 4명을 제외한 실험집단 10명 및 통제집단 10명을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 실험집단은 주 2회 90분씩 총 20회 집단미술치료를 시행하였고, 통제집단은 무처치하였다. 집단미술치료의 효과를 알아보기 위한 평가 척도로는 정서표현 척도(Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire), 정서행동 척도, 대인관계 변화척도(Relationship Change Scale), 대인관계 기능 척도(Interpersonal Relationship Scale), 조현병 질병특이적 삶의 질 척도인 행복-삶의 질 척도(Happy-Quality of Life Scale) 및 한국판 단축형 전반적 삶의 질 척도(Short-Form 36 Health Survey-Korea)를 사용하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단 간의 동질성을 알아보기 위한 통계처리로 독립 t-검정을 실시하였으며, 집단미술치료의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 집단미술치료를 실시한 실험집단과 무처치한 통제집단의 사전 및 사후검사를 실시하였고, 반복측정 분산분석을 통하여 유의성을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실험집단과 통제집단의 사전 동질성 검증에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 집단미술치료 후 실험집단의 전체 정서표현 및 하위요인인 긍정적 정서, 부정적 정서 및 불안강도 모두에서 통제집단에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 셋째, 집단미술치료 후 실험집단의 전체 정서행동 및 하위요인인 자기감정 인식 및 표현과 대인관계는 통제집단에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 타인감정인식과 감정조절은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 넷째, 집단미술치료 후 실험집단의 대인관계 기능은 통제집단에 비하여 유의하게 증가 하였다. 다섯째, 집단미술치료 후 실험집단의 전체 대인관계 변화 및 하위요인인 친근감, 만족감, 의사소통, 개방성 및 이해성 등이 통제집단에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 민감성과 신뢰감은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 여섯째, 집단미술치료 후 실험집단의 전체 질병특이적 삶의 질과 하위요인인 직업적 영역과 정서적 영역을 제외한 경제적 영역, 일반적 영역 및 신체적 영역이 통제집단에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 일곱 번째, 집단미술치료 후 실험집단의 전반적 삶의 질과 하위요인인 신체적 역할, 신체적 통증, 정신적 건강상태를 제외한 전반적 건강인식, 신체적 기능상태, 정서적 역할, 사회적 역할 및 활력이 통제집단에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 집단미술치료는 입원한 조현병 환자의 정서표현, 정서행동 및 대인관계를 증진시키고 질병특이적 삶의 질과 전반적 삶의 질을 향상시켰다. 집단미술치료는 입원한 조현병 환자의 정신재활 프로그램으로 활용될 수 있다고 여겨진다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of group art therapy on emotional expression, emotional behavior, interpersonal relationship, and quality of life in inpatients with Schizophrenia. Among of 200 inpatients with Schizophrenia who had been diagnosed on the DSM-IV criteria by psychiatrist from a mental hospital in D city, 28 patients were selected out of 100 patients with fitting for inclusion criteria, and they were randomly allocated and divided into either an experimental or a control group, with an each group consisting of 14 patients. However, four inpatients withdrew a treatment of group art therapy by themselves and four patients were taken out due to the low response rate. Therefore, the final size of samples consisted of 10 patients for the experimental and the control groups, respectively. Group art therapy session were performed to the experimental group. Each session lasted 90 minutes, and was conducted twice a week for 20 sessions in total. As assessment scales, Berkeley expressivity questionnaire (BEQ), emotional behavior scale, relationship change scale (RCS), interpersonal relationship scale, happy-quality of life (happy-QoL) which was disease specific quality of life scale, and short-form 36 health survey-Korea (SF-36-K) were used. Independent t-test was conduct to investigate the homogeneity between the experimental and control groups. The differences between groups and measuring times and the interactions between groups and measuring times were measured by the mixed ANOVA analysis to evaluate the effects of group art therapy. The results of this study are as following: First, there was no significant difference in homogeneity between the experimental and the control groups according to the analysis results verified in advance. Second, overall emotional expression and its all of sub-scales such as expression of positive emotion, negative emotion, and intensity of anxiety of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group after group art therapy. Third, overall emotional behavior and its sub-scales such as emotional cognition and expression, and personal relation of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group after group art therapy. There was no significant change in emotional cognition of others and emotional control of emotional behavior scale between the experimental and control groups after group art therapy. Fourth, interpersonal relationship of the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group after group art therapy. Fifth, overall relationship change and its all of sub-scales such as intimacy, satisfaction, communication, persistence, and sympathy of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group after group therapy. There was no significant change in sensitivity and reliability of interpersonal relationship change scale between the experimental and control groups after group art therapy. Sixth, overall happy-QoL and its sub-scales such as economical, general, and physical of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group after group art therapy. There was no significant change in professional and occupational sub-scales of Happy-QoL except professional, and emotional between the experimental and control groups after group art therapy. Seventh, overall SF-36-K and its sub-scales such as general health, physical functioning, role-emotion, social functioning, and vitality of the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the control group after group art therapy. There was no significant change in role-physical, bodily pain, and mental health of SF-36-K between experimental and control groups after group art therapy. Group art therapy significantly increased emotional expression and behavior, interpersonal relationship and disease specific and general quality of life in inpatients with schizophrenia. These results suggest that group art therapy could be a psychosocial rehabilitation program for inpatients with schizophrenia.

마음챙김명상을 기반으로 한 집단미술치료가 유방암 환자의 우울과 불안 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

강승연 한국임상치유예술학회 2015 임상예술치료연구 Vol.4 No.1

마음챙김명상을 기반으로 한 집단미술치료가 유방암 환자의 우울, 불안 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. OO시 OO대학병원 유방암 센터에서 암 수술 후, 이환기간 1년이 지나 자조모임에 참석 중인 만 35세에서 65세까지의 유방암 환자 60명 중 무작위로 24명을 선정하여 실험집단 12명과 통제집단 12명으로 무선 할당하였다. 실험집단은 주 1회 90분씩 총 15회기로 마음챙김명상을 기반으로 한 집단미술치료를 시행하였으며, 통제집단은 무처치하였다. 평가척도로는 성인용 성격평가질문지중 우울과 불안의 하위척도를 사용하였고, 삶의 질은 유럽암학회에 의해 개발된 한국어판 암 환자 삶의 질 평가도구를 사용 하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단 간의 동질성을 알아보기 위해 독립 t-검정을 실시하였으며, 마음챙김명상을 기반으로 한 집단미술치료의 효과를 알아보기 위해 2x2 반복측정 혼합변량분석을 실시하여 집단 간의 차이, 측정시기 간의 차이, 집단과 측정시기 간의 상호작용을 확인하였다. 마음챙김명상을 기반으로 한 집단미술치료결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실험집단과 통제집단의 사전 동질성 검증은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 우울은 실험집단이 통제집단에 비하여 집단 간 차이, 측정시기 간 차이, 집단과 측정시기 간의 상호작용 효과에서 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 셋째, 불안은 실험집단이 통제집단에 비하여 집단 간의 차이, 측정시기 간의 차이, 집단과 측정시기 간의 상호작용효과에서 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 넷째, 전반적인 삶의 질은 실험집단이 통제집단에 비해 집단 간의 차이, 측정시기 간의 차이, 집단과 측정시기 간의 상호작용 효과에서 유의하게 향상하였다. 다섯째, 기능적 삶의 질은 신체적, 인지적, 사회적 기능에서 실험집단이 통제집단에 비하여 집단 간의 차이, 측정시기 간의 차이, 집단과 측정시기 간의 상호작용 효과에서 모두 유의하게 향상하였다. 여섯째, 증상적 삶의 질은 실험집단이 통제집단에 비하여 피로, 메스꺼움, 고통, 변비, 설사, 불면증에서는 모두 유의하게 감소하였으나, 호흡곤란, 식욕부진, 재정적 어려움은 일부에서만 유의하게 감소하였다. 마음챙김명상을 기반으로 한 집단미술치료 프로그램이 유방암 환자의 우울과 불안을 감소시키고 삶의 질을 향상시켰다. 향후 유방암환자의 삶의 질을 향상시키고 우울과 불안을 감소시키기 위한 유용한 심리사회적 프로그램으로 사용될 수 있다고 여겨진다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness meditation based group art therapy on the depression, anxiety and quality of life in patients with breast cancer. 24 patients were randomly selected among 60 patients with breast cancer, aged 35 to 65 who underwent surgery at least 1 year before, completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy and now attending a self help group. They were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (90 minutes of Group art therapy per week for 15 times) (n=12) and control group(no action)(n=12). Korean Personality Assessment Inventory was used to assess the effect of therapy on depression and anxiety. Korean version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C score was used to assess quality of life. By utilizing a t-test, the homogeneity between the intervention and control groups was tested. 2x2 repeated measures mixed ANOVA used to compare any significant differences in depression, anxiety and quality of life between the two group, pre and post state difference after 15 sessions. The results of this study are as follows 1) There was no significant difference in the homogeneity of the two groups. 2) Depression was significantly reduced in mindfulness meditation based group art therapy compared to the control group. It also significantly improved for the art therapy group after 15 sessions. Significant interaction effects between time and group were found. 3) Anxiety was significantly reduced in mindfulness meditation based group art therapy compared to the control group. It also significantly improved for the art therapy group after 15 sessions. Significant interaction effects between time and group were found. 4) Global quality of life was significantly improved in mindfulness meditation based group art therapy compared to the control group. It was also significantly improved in art therapy group after 15 sessions. There was a significant interaction between group and time. 5) In functional quality of life, physical, cognitive and social functions were significantly improved in mindfulness meditation based group art therapy compared to the control group. They also significantly improved in art therapy group after 15 sessions. Significant interaction effects between time and group were found. Role function was significantly improved in mindfulness meditation based group art therapy compared to the control group but did not significantly improved in art therapy group after 15 sessions. Significant interaction effects between time and group were found. 6) In symptomatic quality of life, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, constipation, diarrhea and sleep disturbance were significantly improved in mindfulness meditation based group art therapy compared to the control group. They were also significantly improved in art therapy group after 15 sessions. Significant interaction effects between time and group were found. Dyspnea, appetite loss, financial problem were significantly improved but only in somewhat. Mindfulness meditation based group art therapy is effective to reducing depression and anxiety as well as improve quality of life in patient with breast cancer. Mindfulness meditation based group art therapy can be a useful psychosocial care program for breast cancer patients.

집단미술치료 프로그램이 결혼이주여성의 우울, 자아존중감 및 결혼만족도에 미치는 효과

정선희 한국임상치유예술학회 2013 임상예술치료연구 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group art therapy program on married migrant women's depression, self-esteem and marriage satisfaction. There were three research questions. First, does the group art therapy program have effects on married migrant women's depression? Second, does the group art therapy program have effects on married migrant women's self esteem? Third, does the group art therapy program have effects on married migrant women's marital satisfaction? Among migrant women who were taking Korean language program and Korean culture program designed specially for married migrant women in M city, 14 migrant women participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: seven women in the experimental group and the other seven women in the control group. The experiment took place from July to October in 2009, consisting of eighteen week group art therapy sessions. Any treatment was not given to the control group. Pre-test scores and post-test scores in depression, self-esteem, and marriage satisfaction were compared. Results were as follows: First, the group art therapy program decreased depression of married migrant women. There were significant differences between pre-test scores and post-test scores in experimental group. Second, the group art therapy program had an effect on the self-esteem of married migrant women. The experimental group showed significantly higher self-esteem in post-test than pre-test. Third, the group art therapy program also had an significantly positive impact on the marriage satisfaction of married migrant women. Fourth, married migrant women in the experiment group showed that they felt happier in spite of no changes in their lives during the program. Also, they became more positive and confident to deal with any possible problems in current and future marriage. Thus, it was found out that group art therapy program has a positive effects on depression, self-esteem and marital satisfaction of married migrant women. Also, group art therapy program is expected to help married migrant women learn and adapt Korean language and culture.

집단미술치료 경험이 미술치료사의 전문성 발달에 미치는 영향

변성혜 ( Sunghye Byun ),한유진 ( Youjin Ha ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.6

본 연구는 집단미술치료 경험이 미술치료사의 전문성 발달에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 미술치료 경력 3년 이하 미술치료사 13명을 모집하고 실험집단 7명, 통제집단 6명으로 나눈 후 실험집단은 9회기의 집단미술치료를 주2회 110분씩 실시하였다. 연구도구는 미술치료사 발달수준 척도를 사용하여 미술치료사의 전문성 발달에 대한 변화를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 실험집단의 전체 발달수준 척도와 모든 하위요인에서 유의미한 증가를 보여 집단미술치료가 미술치료사의 전문성발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 연구 결론, 자신의 경험을 의미화 시키는 집단미술치료는 정서의 인식과 활용에 중요한 역할을 하고 미술치료사의 전문성 발달에 도움이 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 미술치료사의 전문성 발달을 위한 집단미술치료 지원에 대한 필요성을 시사하고 집단미술치료 연구 활성화에 대한 담론을 제시하였다. This study aims to verify the effect of group art therapy experience on professional development of art therapists. The subjects were 13 art therapists with less than 3 years of art therapy experience the experiment group consisted of 7 art therapists and the control group consisted of 6 art therapists. Group art therapy was conducted two sessions a week, totaling 9 sessions of 110 minutes each to experiment group. The tools of analysis included the art therapist development level scale. The results demonstrated that group art therapy had a positive effect on the professional development of art therapists, showing a significant increase in the overall development level scale and all sub-factors of the experiment group. The conclusion showed group art therapy, which made one’s own experiences meaningful, played an important role in the recognition and utilization of emotions and developed the professionalism of art therapist. Therefore, this study suggested the necessity of supporting group art therapy for the development of professionalism of art therapists and presented a discourse on the activation of group art therapy research.

Effect of Group Art Therapy on Learned Helplessness and Self-Leadership

Chemi Kang,Hyunjae Cho J-INSTITUTE 2022 Protection Convergence Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Group art therapy is the introduction of art to group psychotherapy, and the client observes how others in similar situations solve their problems through group activities. In addition, through this, they can give and receive help among themselves and form an organic bond. Group art therapy has the characteristic that art activities help promote emotional expression that has been suppressed in the past, and self-exposure and self-understanding are actively presented in the group. group art therapy helps the subject to have a deep insight into his or her inner self to solve problems and build a positive self-image. As a result of examining the programs related to learned helplessness, efforts on measures to reduce helplessness could be found. By conducting group art therapy on learned helplessness and self-leadership, we tried to change negative perceptions and behaviors and increase positive views through group interactions and successful experiences in the art therapy process to help rational decision-making. As such, the purpose of this study is to provide basic data on a counseling approach that gives a sense of accomplishment and converts negative moti-vation into positive motivation to reduce learned helplessness and improve self-leadership through group art therapy programs. Method: Based on the results of the basic research, major variables and related programs related to the learned helplessness and self-leadership of college students were analyzed through various literature and previ-ous research data and reflected in the preliminary program. A preliminary program was conducted to secure empirical evidence for the revision and improvement of the group art therapy program organized according to the program procedure to understand the acceptance of participants and the effectiveness of the program. It consists of verifying the effectiveness of the group art therapy program for college students. To verify the effectiveness, 10 experimental groups and control groups were formed for students at D University located in Daegu, Gyeong-sangbuk-do, and from April to June 2021, it was conducted twice a week for 100 minutes and a total of 10 sessions. Results: In the experimental group, there was a significant difference in learned helplessness and self-leadership. In the case of learned helplessness sub-factors, it was found that there was a significant effect in sub-factors excluding depression and negative perception. In the sub-factors of self-leadership, significant effects were found after the program. Conclusion: As discussed in this study, it was found that the group art therapy program is effective in reducing learned help-lessness and promoting self-leadership of college students.

집단분석적 미술치료 고찰

이정숙,이경원 한국조형교육학회 2010 造形敎育 Vol.0 No.37

Group psychotherapy was divided into two classes. One is psycho-analytic group psychotherapy, the other is group-analytic psychotherapy. The latter was adapted by S. H. Foulkes(1898-1976) who underscored the process of communication and interaction happened in group and utilized approach to emphasize the leverage of group to individuals. His effort became the basis of group-analytic art therapy. After the 1980s, England was became the center of group-analytic art therapy, and art therapist G. McNeilly had a leading person in this field. Inscape, the art therapy journal of England as a special magazine discussed with the theme-centered mode and the group-analytic mode as art therapist's therapeutic method. Group-analytic art therapy had some original characteristics. First, it concentrated on unconscious theme and case in group by cooperative project work. Second, group-analytic art therapist did not indicate theme and direction of the group and activated as a catalyst of improving communication and promoting symbolic common process and a analyst of developing process of the group and common images of the group. Third, group-analytic art therapy presented dynamic therapeutic pyramid structure which deviated from existing individual art therapist triangular structure among images, client and therapist. The members experienced transference relationship originated from original family, observed the relation pattern with others through the ways related with images. However, there are no introduction about group-analytic art therapy, clinical application and empirical research. This study is meaningful research in that it will support art therapist in Korea with new theory and method about group-analytic art therapy, and be utilized as a basic materials for applying field work. 모든 치료에서 기본 원리는 내담자 개인과 그 주변 상황을 보다 잘 이해하는 데 있고, 그것들을 변화시킬 내적인 힘을 기르는데 있지만, 특별히 미술치료는 개인적인 지각 방식이나 집중방식, 함께 작업하는 방식, 작업 과정과 제작된 상, 구조에 대한 해석 방식에 주된 관심을 둔다(Charlton, 1984: 175). 미술치료가 집단으로 실행될 때 일반적인 삼각구도에 더하여 집단이라는 치료 요인이 추가되면서 치료과정은 더욱 복잡해졌고 효과는 더욱 커졌다. 하지만 미술치료에서 집단이 지닌 치료적 힘을 인식하기 시작한 것은 불과 2-30년 전의 일이다. 현재 국내에서 미술치료가 전문분야로서 인식되고 수용되는 수준은 아직 걸음마 단계이지만 빠른 속도로 확산되고 있다. 특히 임상현장의 특수성이 고려되는 개별 치료에 비해 공간만 있으면 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 집단미술치료는 학교나 병원, 복지관 등 장소를 가리지 않고 폭넓게 적용되고 있으나, 접근 양식에 있어 답보(踏步)상태에 있다고 할 수 있다. 즉 수백 곳에서 진행되고 있는 집단미술치료의 양식은 미술창작이 지닌 치유력에 기댄 오픈 스튜디오 양식과 기법이나 주제의 제시로 상담효과를 이끄는 주제중심 양식 단 두 가지로 볼 수 있는 것이다. 이러한 상황에서 1980년대 이후 영미권의 집단미술치료 임상가들에 의해 활발히 진행된 이론 및 실제의 발전은 우리에게 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구자는 국내 미술치료 분야의 이론 부재라는 한계를 극복할 만한 대안으로서 집단분석적 미술집단 양식을 제안하였고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 집단분석적 미술치료는 기본 가설로서 집단의 고유한 치유능력을 보는 성숙과 건강의 관점을 강조하였다. 그 안에서 구성원들의 창조성과 존재 가치는 더욱 부각되고 자신의 생각과 행동이 존중받는 경험을 하게 되었다. 책임과 권리를 부여받은 구성원들은 각자가 지닌 개별성에 맞는 역할을 맡아 집단이 성장하는데 참여하게 되었다. 둘째, 집단분석적 미술치료는 분석가적인 치료사 역할을 강조한 포울케스의 집단분석을 배경으로 두고 있다. 교육자나 지시자가 아닌 집단분석적 미술치료사는 비지시적으로 집단 내 힘의 균형을 유지하는 관리자와 같은 입장을 취하였다. 또한 집단 관계망의 분석 및 무의식적 주제를 끌어내는 통찰력으로 집단이 스스로 치유력을 발휘하도록 이끌었다. 셋째, 집단분석적 미술치료의 회기의 두 과정인 미술제작과 토론은 자유롭게 생각과 행동을 표현하는 장인 동시에 나와 내 주변 환경에 대해 미처 깨닫지 못한 부분들을 인식하는 장으로 기능하였다. 본 연구는 앞으로 국내 미술치료 환경에서 태동한 이론 및 실제의 발전을 기대하며 후속 연구 방향에 대한 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, Skaife(1990)와 Ormay(1990) 등은 집단분석적 미술치료가 집단분석의 일반적 치료요인인 집단 내 의사소통, 집단 동조현상, 구성원들의 자기 결정력에 미치는 영향이 어떠한 지를 실험 연구하여 긍정적 결과를 보고하였다. 그러나 대부분이 단일사례집단 연구들로서 집단분석적 미술치료가 특정 치료요인에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 드러내지 못한 아쉬움이 있다. 후속연구에서는 집단 간 비교연구를 통해 집단분석적 미술치료의 효과성을 보다 구체적으로 제시할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 현재까지 주 연구 대상이 성인 집단이며 그 중 여성 환자들이 대다수인 신경증이나 섭식 ...

집단미술치료가 정신지체인의 정서 및 행동에 미치는 효과

임지향 ( Im Ji Hyang ),김은경 ( Kim Eun Gyeong ) 한국특수아동학회 2003 특수아동교육연구 Vol.5 No.2

병원 형 Wee센터에서의 집단미술치료가 청소년의 학교적응, 공감, 우울과 불안에 미치는 영향

신은자,정여주,지구덕,박민정,김시내 한국예술교육학회 2020 예술교육연구 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to compare and verify the effects of group art therapy on school adaptation, empathy, depression and anxiety of adolescents in the commissioned education program of the hospital-type Wee Center, and to seek efficient application of group art therapy in a commissioned education. Participants included middle and high school students who agreed to participate in the research and were recommended by the teacher in charge at the Wee Center. A total of 12 participants were divided into an experimental group and a comparison group with 6 participants each. The experimental group went through group art therapy, whereas the comparison group went through art activity in an art curriculum. For this research, 90-minute sessions were conducted once a week from September 2, 2019 to November 18, 2019, for a total of 12 times. The Korean version of the empathy quotient-short form (EQ-short-K), school adjustment scale, patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and Draw-a-Story (DAS) were used as measurements in this study. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and by comparing the pre-mean and post-mean values of the experimental group and the comparison group. The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive effect on the adaptation and empathy of adolescents. Also, while depression and anxiety were found to decrease in both the experimental group and comparison group, the effect was found to be more significant in the experimental group. Our conclusions are as follows. First, group art therapy run by art therapist helps adolescents to adapt to school who are receiving commissioned education at the hospital-type Wee Center. Second, both group art therapy and art activities in an art curriculum have a positive effect on reducing depression. Third, due to the nature of the hospital-type Wee Center, it is necessary for an art therapist, who can handle both the dynamics of a group and the advantages of art program, to intervene. Therefore, the implication of this research is that our results are meaningful as a base data for the effective application and development of art therapy at the hospital-type Wee Center. 본 연구의 목적은 병원 형 Wee 센터 위탁교육과정에서 실시 되는 집단미술치료가 청소년의 학교적응, 공감, 우울과 불안에 미치는 효과를 비교 검증하고, 위탁 교육에서 집단미술치료의 효율적인 적용을 모색하는 데있다. 연구참여자는 Wee 센터 담당교사가 추천하고 연구 참여를 동의한 12명의 중고등학생이며, 각 6명씩 집단미술치료를 실시한 실험집단과 미술 교과로 미술 활동을 실시한 비교집단으로 구성되었다. 연구 기간은2019년 9월 2일부터 11월 18일까지이며, 주 1회 90분씩 총 12회기를 실시하였다. 측정도구는 한국판 단축공감 척도(EQ-short–K)와 학교 적응척도(School Adjustment Scale), Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7) 그리고 이야기그림(Draw-a-Story)검사이다. 자료는 대응표본 t-검증을 실시하여 실험집단과 비교집단의 사전-사후 평균을 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 실험집단에서 청소년 학교적응과 공감에 정적으로 유의미했다. 또한, 실험집단과 비교집단이 모두우울과 불안을 감소시키는 데 도움을 주지만, 실험집단에서 좀 더 유의미한 결과를 보였다. 이를 통한 결론은다음과 같다. 첫째, 미술치료사가 운영하는 집단미술치료는 병원 형 Wee 센터에서 위탁 교육을 받는 청소년의 학교적응에 도움을 준다. 둘째, 집단미술치료와 미술프로그램 모두 우울감 감소에 정적인 영향을 준다. 셋째, 병원 형 Wee 센터의 특성상 미술 작업이 가진 이점과 함께 집단 내 역동을 다룰 수 있는 미술치료사의개입이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구가 가지는 의의는 병원 형 Wee 센터에서 미술치료를 효과적으로 적용하고 발전시키기 위한 기초 자료로서의 의의가 있다고 하겠다.