온도 조건에 따른 벼 수량 및 수량 관련 요소 반응의 품종간 차이

이규종 ( Kyu Jong Lee ),김동진 ( Dong Jin Kim ),반호영 ( Ho Young Ban ),이변우 ( Byun Woo Lee ) 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.4

생태형이 다른 8개 벼 품종을 대상으로 포트 실험을 실시하여 대기온, 대기온 대비 +1.5oC, +3.0oC, +5.0oC 온도 조건에서의 수량 및 수량 관련 요소의 반응을 분석하였다. 이삭수를 제외한 수량 및 수량 관련 요소들의 온도 상승 조건에 대한 반응은 생태형 및 품종에 따라 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 온도가 높아짐에 따라 영화수는 증감의 경향이 명확하진 않았으나 대체로 대기온보다는 증가하였고, 천립중과 등숙률은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 수량 관련 요소중 온도 상승에 가장 민감한 반응을 보인 요소는 등숙률이었으며, 가장 둔감한 요소는 천립중이었다. 등숙률의 하락과 맞물려 수량은 고온 조건일수록 낮아졌으나, 영화수 증가 영향으로 수량의 저하 정도는 등숙률의 그것보다 크지 않았다. 생태형 및 품종별 반응은 조생종의 오대벼와 운광벼가 온도 조건에 가장 민감하였으며, 중만생종 품종들의 반응은 대체로 둔감한 것으로 나타났다. 출수 후 온도의 영향 정도를 분석한 결과 천립중, 등숙률, 완전발육미율, 수량은 출수 후 20일간의 평균기온과 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 온도가 높아질수록 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과를 바탕으로 로지스틱 함수를 이용하여 품종 간 온도 반응 특성의 차이를 분석하였다. 수량의 경우 품종 간 온도 반응 특성이 다르지 않은 것으로 나타나, 품종에 상관없이 온도 반응에 대한 추정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 이와 달리 천립중, 등숙률, 완전발육미율, 임실률의 경우 품종별로 온도 반응 특성이 달랐으므로, 각 품종에 맞는 온도 반응 추정식을 이용해야 할 것이다. An experiment in a controlled environment was conducted to evaluate the genotypic differences of grain yield and yield-related elements of rice under elevated air temperature. Eight rice genotypes included in three maturing group (early, medium, and medium-late maturing group) were grown with 1/5,000 a Wagner pots at four plastic houses that were controlled to the temperature regimes of ambient temperature (AT), AT+1.5oC, AT+3.0oC, and AT+5.0oC throughout the rice growing season in 2011. Ripened grain ratio and 1000 grain weight showed the most susceptible and tolerant responses to elevated air temperature, respectively. The grain yield reduction was attributable to the sharp decrease of ripened grain ratio. Grain yield was significantly decreased above the treatment of AT+1.5oC and AT+3.0oC in early maturing group and the others, respectively. Highly correlation to average temperature from heading to 20 days was revealed in yield (r = -0.69), ripened grain ratio (r = -82), fully-filled grain (r = -70), and 1000 grain weight (r = -0.31). The responses of yield and yieldrelated elements except number of spikelets and panicle to elevated air temperature were fitted to a logistic function. The parameters of logistic function for each elements except grain yield could not be applied to the other varieties. In conclusion, yield and yield-related elements responded differentially to elevated air temperature according to maturity groups and rice varieties. Ongoing global warming is expected to decrease the grain yield not only by decreasing the grain weight but also decreasing the ripened grain ratio in the future. However, the yield reduction would be mitigated by adopting and/or breeding the less sensitive varieties to high temperature.

자포니카 장립종 장원형 벼 계통 개발 및 특성분석

박현수,백만기,남정권,신운철,이건미,박슬기,이창민,김춘송,조영찬 한국육종학회 2018 한국육종학회지 Vol.50 No.2

To enhance rice yield and diversify grain quality of Korean japonica rice, we developed japonica rice line with long and spindle-shaped grain. Korean japonica rice cultivars have narrow genetic background of grain size and shape. Most of cultivars show medium-short and semi-round grain. To diversify the genetic background for grain, we developed Jeonju625, japonica rice line with long and spindle-shaped grain, derived from a cross between DSG79, the breeding material with extra-long and spindle-shaped grain, and Boramchan, japonica super high-yielding cultivar with medium-short and semi-round grain. Jeonju625 had GW2gs3qSW5+qGL3 allele type for grain-related genes, which conferred extra-long and spindle-shaped grain. The grain length and ratio of length to width of brown rice of Jeonju625 was 7.06 mm and 2.72, respectively. Jeonju625 was improved the deteriorated traits of DGS79, very late heading, long culm, long awn, droopy flag leaves, and susceptibility to lodging, by strong selection pressure focused on field breeding. The milled rice yield of Jeonju625 was 559 kg/10a, which was similar level of Boramchan (552 kg/10a) and 29% enhanced yield compared to DSG79. Jeonju625 had suitable characteristics for cooked rice. Jeongju625 showed lower protein contents and better glossiness and palatability of cooked rice than Boramchan and Hanareum2. Elite japonica rice line, Jeonju625, with extra-long and spindle-shaped grain showed good characteristics for rice yield and grain quality. Jeonju625 could be utilized practical cultivar and breeding material for enhancing rice yield and diversifying grain quality.

Heterosis and combining ability for yield and resistance to grain mold in tannin-free photoperiod-insensitive sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] in Senegal

Diatta Cyril,Tovignan Thierry Klanvi,Akata Eyanawa Atchozou,Ifie Beatrice Elohor,Sarr Mame P.,Bassene César,Aidara Ousmane,Ndione Pierre Alfred,Gackou Malick,Manga Anicet Georges Bruno,Danquah Eric Yi 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

Increasing sorghum production per unit area in the farmer’s feld by developing high yielding tannin-free and grain mold tolerant varieties in Senegal is the goal of the present study. Line×tester mating design was used to cross eleven tannin-free non-photoperiodic male fertile sorghum varieties with two male-sterile A-lines to produce 22 F1 hybrids. These hybrids along with the thirteen parents and one grain mold resistant hybrid check were evaluated under natural grain mold infestation in two contrasted sites using a 6×6 lattice design with three replications. Results on combining ability suggested that additive gene actions were important in the control of grain mold resistance while non-additive gene actions were preponderant in the inheritance of grain yield. The parental lines F2-20, Macia, Faourou, and Dorado were the best general combiner for grain mold resistance. Of these, Dorado was identifed as the best combiner for yield and yield components. Additionally, the hybrid CE310-31A×Sureño was identifed as the best hybrids combination for yield, yield components and grain mold resistance. Furthermore, the hybrid crosses CE310-31A×F2-20, CE310-31A×Sureño and AVG-1×Dorado showed the best mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and resistance to grain mold. Moreover, based on their combining ability and heterosis, seven hybrids were identifed for their resistance to grain mold and high yielding. These hybrids could be tested in multilocation trials for a subsequent release.

옥수수 登熟特性과 收量 및 收量構成要素와의 關係

Seon Woo Cha(車善佑),Sang Il Park(朴相一),Seung Keun Jong(鄭丞根),Seung Ue Park(朴勝義) 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the relationships among grain filling characteristics (duration and rate of grain filling), grain yield and yield components in twenty eight corn hybrids with different maturity. Highly significant correlations were observed between the effective grain filling period and days to silking, kernel weight. Highly positive correlation were detected between the rate of grain filling during the effective grain filling period and kernel weight, kernel width and kernel volume. Significant positive correlations were detected between total grain filling period and rate of grain filling of lower part of the ear, kernel weight and grain yield.

Genotypic Differences in Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization for Grain Yield of Rice

Myung-Kyu Oh,Myeong-Ki Kim,Min-Kyu Choi,Im-Soo Choi,Young-Chan Cho,Yeon-Gyu Kim,Jeom-Ho Lee,Young-Tae Lee 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회지 Vol.37 No.5

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of nitrogen(N) use eficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency,and their relationships with grain yield in 34 rice genotypes. Significant diferences among genotypes were observed in grain yield,N uptake, total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI). The N-eficient genotypes that produced high grain yield at both lowand standard levels of N were, Ilpumbyeo(MNU)77-GH1-3, Ilpumbyeo, and SR19616-2B-34-3. Inefficient genotypes that pro-genotypes giving low yields at both and standard levels. Increase in grain yield was highly correlated with N uptake (r2 = 0.65***)and TDM was also similarly correlated with N uptake. The grain yield-N uptake relationship for individual genotypes indicatedsignificant diference in slope and in the yield obtained with soil N (GY0). Differences in GY0 were due to genotypic variation inN uptake and efficiency of use. HI was related to both grain yield and TDM.

Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Malting Barley as Influenced by Variety and Nitrogen Level

Meharie Kassie,Kindie Fanataye 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

Nitrogen (N) is the primary driver of crop production and it is heavily used in modern agriculture to maximize yield. However, the effectiveness with which N is used by cereals has become increasingly important because of both financial and environmental costs to N fertilization. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of N fertilization rate, variety, and growing season on grain yield, N uptake, and N-efficiency traits of malting barley at Bekoji, southeastern Ethiopia. The treatments studied were five N levels (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg ha-1) and two malting barley varieties (Miscal-21 and Holker) over three seasons (2012, 2013, and 2014). The results showed that as N rates increased, malting barley grain yield, grain, straw, and total N uptakes increased, but N-harvest index, N-use efficiency, N-recovery efficiency, and N-utilization efficiency decreased. Grain yield, grain, and total N uptake, N-harvest index, N-use efficiency, N-recovery efficiency, and N-utilization efficiency were greater in Miscal-21, whilst straw N uptake were greater in Holker. Grain yield, grain, straw, and total N uptake, N-recovery efficiency, and N-harvest index were greater in 2012 than in 2013 and 2014, but growing season had no effect on N-use efficiency and N-utilization efficiency. Grain yield was positively correlated with N-efficiency traits, but the role of N-recovery efficiency in enhancing grain yield was larger than the role of N-utilization efficiency.

질소비료 시비 수준이 벼의 수량 및 수량구성요소에 미치는 영향

김태헌,김석만 한국작물학회 2023 한국작물학회지 Vol.68 No.4

Nitrogen is a major and essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. However, excessive nitrogen application can lead to ecological pollution or greenhouse gas emissions, consequently resulting in climate change. In this study, we used 153 genetic resources of rice to evaluate the effects of the levels of nitrogen application on grain yield and yield-related traits. Significant differences were noted in the yield and yield-related traits of genetic resources between two nitrogen application levels, namely, 4.5 kg/10a (NN: normal nitrogen condition) and 9.0 kg/10a (LN: low-nitrogen condition). Among the tested traits, days to heading (DTH), clum length (CL), grain yield per plant (GYP), number of panicles per plant (NPP), and number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) decreased by 1.8 to 17.9% when the nitrogen application levels decreased from NN to LN. The 1,000-grain weight (TWG) and percentage of ripened grain (PRG) increased by 2.6 to 11.2% under these conditions. Based on nitrogen application levels, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated significant differences in GYP, NPP, and PRG but not in NSP and TGW. NPP exhibited negative correlations with NSP (‑0.44) and TGW (‑0.44), and TGW displayed a negative correlation with PRG (‑0.34), whereas, GYP exhibited a positive correlation with PRG (0.37) and NSP (0.38). A similar pattern was recorded under the LN condition. NPP, TGW, and PRG were clustered as PA (principle axis) 1 under the LN condition by factor analysis. NSP and GYP were clustered as PA (principle axis) 2. These results demonstrated NPP and NSP as the primary factors contributing to the decrease in grain yield under LN conditions. In conclusion, we selected eight genetic resources that exhibited higher GYP under both NN and LN conditions with higher NPP or NSP. These genetic resources can be considered valuable breeding materials for the adaptation of plants to nitrogen deficiency.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits in Some Genotypes of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Maxwell Darko Asante,Kossi Lorimpo Adjah,Ebenezer Annan-Afful 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2

Even though there are abundant rice genetic resources, only a fraction is used in breeding programs leading to a narrow genetic base for improved varieties. Increasing the use of available rice germplasm could lead to the development of varieties that are superior in yield and other important agronomic traits. One hundred rice genotypes were used to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, clustering, trait association, and principal components for eight yield and yield-related traits. The experiment was conducted in a 10x10 lattice design in three replications under field conditions. The GCV ranged from 4.3% for panicle length to 17.9% for grain yield. Grain yield (GY) had the highest PCV (37.3%), while kernel length had the lowest PCV (7.0%). High heritabilities and moderate genetic advances were observed for days to flowering (DF), plant height (PH), kernel length (KL), and kernel length-to-width ratio (KLW). In general, the magnitudes of genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic correlations. Grain yield showed a positive association with DF and PL at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, and with PH and KW at the genotypic level only. The genotypes clustered into three groups and the first three principal components explained about 70.3% of the total variation with KLW, KL, DF, and GY being the principal discriminatory characters. There was adequate genetic variability in the germplasm to support breeding for improved grain yield and indirect selection for high yield can be done in early generations using DF, PH, and PL.

경북 내륙 지역 과거 25년간 기후와 일품벼 수량 변화

신종희,한채민,권중배,김종수,김상국,Shin, Jong-Hee,Han, Chae-Min,Kwon, Jung-Bae,Kim, Jong-Su,Kim, Sang-Kuk 한국작물학회 2020 한국작물학회지 Vol.65 No.4

'Ilpum', a Korean short-grain mid-late maturing rice cultivar, was developed in 1990, more than 30 years ago. Despite its age, it has been the most widely grown cultivar in the Gyeongbuk province of South Korea for more than 25 years, making it the most important rice cultivar for the people of the Gyeongbuk province. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the rice yield of "Ilpum', the main rice cultivar in the Gyeongbuk province, and climate elements in the Daegu (southern plain area) and the Andong (inland mountainous area) regions in Gyeongbuk, South Korea. The rice yield over the past five years increased by about 13% and 24%, compared to that produced in the late 1990s in Daegu and the early 2000s in the Andong region, respectively. The number of panicles per hill and the grain ripening rate significantly affected rice yield in the 'Ilpum' cultivars in the Daegu region. The faster heading was a factor in the increase in 'Ilpum' rice yield in the Andong region. The air temperature has been rising and sunshine duration has been increasing from the late 1990s to present in both regions. Rice yield was evaluated to understand the effect of climate factors. The rice yields increased owing to the long sunshine duration during the grain-filling stage in both regions. In Andong, increasing the maximum temperature during the vegetative stage increased rice yield. Rising air temperature during the reproductive stage also increased rice yield. In particular, long sunshine hours throughout the whole rice growing period increased the rice yield of this cultivar in the Andong region.

Variety and Seedling Age Affects Fine Rice Yield

Amin, A.K.M. Khusrul,Haque, M. Aminul,Akhtaruzzaman, Md,Chowdhury, Nazmun Nahar The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.2

The research was conducted with the aim of determining effects of seedling age on the yield of four fine rice varieties viz., Kalizura, Tulshimala, BRRI (Bang-ladesh Rice Research Institute)-37 and BRRI-38. The seedling of different ages such as 15, 25, 35 and 45 days were transplanted on the same day maintaining $25cm{\times}15cm$ spacing. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield and yield contributing characters were influenced by seedling age, variety and their interaction. BRRI-38 gave the highest number of effective tillers $hill^{-1}$, panicle length, total spikelets $panicle^{-1}$, grains $panicle^{-1}$, 1000-grains weight and grain yield. Likewise, yield and yield contributing characters were the highest in 35 days old seedling. On the other hand, the variety (BRRI-38) with the same age as of seedlings 35 days old seedlings was found superior to other interactions, but, in the production of grains $panicle^{-1}$ and 1000-grains weight there was no significant effect in this interaction. From the findings it may be inferred that BRRI-38 with 35 days old seedlings produced the highest grain yield.