노년기 젠더관계와 심리적 복지감

김영혜(Young-Hye Kim) 한국인구학회 2004 한국인구학 Vol.27 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 노년기 젠더관계가 노인의 심리적 복지감(psychological well-being)에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 노인부부의 젠더관계를 규명하기 위해 성역할태도와 가사노동분담을 측정하였고, 노인의 심리적 복지감은 우울도와 행복감으로 측정되었다. 연구의 대상은 부산광역시에 거주하는 배우자와 동거하고, 자녀와는 동거하지 않으며, 부부 모두 직업에서 은퇴한, 65세 이상의 남녀노인 476명이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다: 1) 여성노인이 남성노인에 비해 보다 평등적인 성역할태도를 지니고 있으며, 노인부부의 가사노동 수행에 있어 성별 분절현상이 나타난다. 2) 여성노인이 남성노인에 비해 성역할태도와 가사노동분담 수준이 불일치하는 경우가 더 많았으며, 남녀 노인 모두 성역할태도와 가사노동분담 수준이 일치할수록 심리적 복지감이 높았다. 3) 남녀노인의 성역할태도는 심리적 복지감에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 여성노인의 가사노동분담은 심리적 복지감에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하고 있으며, 남성노인의 가사노동분담은 오히려 그들의 심리적 복지감을 낮게 한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) the relationship between gender-role attitude and psychological well-being related to the division of household labor and (2) the effect of congruency between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor on psychological well-being for the elderly. In this study, independent variable is gender-role attitude, mediating variable is the division of household labor and dependent variable is psychological well-being. Psychological well-being consists of depression and happiness. The hypotheses of this study are as follows: 1) Gender-role attitude affects psychological well-being of the elderly. The more egalitarian gender-role attitude, the higher degree of psychological well-being, whereas the more traditional gender-role attitude, the lower degree of psychological well-being. 2) The division of household labor influences psychological well-being of the elderly. The higher degree of division of household labor is likely to show the higher degree of psychological well-being. 3) The congruency between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor affects psychological well-being. As the relationship between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor is more congruent. psychological well-being increases. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1) There is no relation between gender-role attitude and psychological well-being for the elderly. 2) The division of household labor affects psychological well-being for husband. The higher degree of division of household labor, the higher degree of psychological well-being. The result shows that husbands are involved in household labor involuntarily. 3) Congruency between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor affects psychological well-being. As the relationship between gender-role attitude and the division of household labor is more congruent, the degree of depression decreases. 4) Wives participate in most of household labor. Gender segregation in household labor is found in elderly family. 5) Health, income, network of children or sibling, and community network affect psychological well-being. The healthier, higher income and stronger network are likely to show the higher degree of psychological well-being.

스포츠 사회학 : 여자 필드하키 선수의 성역할 갈등과 성역할 정체성 변화

임수원(ImSuWon),임미정(ImMiJeong),송은주(SongEunJu) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine gender-role expectation and gender-role conflict in female field hockey players, and the effect of these experiences on the change of gender-role identity. The subjects of investigation are students of A, B, C girls's high schools which are enrolled on the list of the Korea Hockey Association. Fifteen players are chosen. Their age is 17-19, and their career is 3-6 years.As results shows that the female field hockey player has two different gender-role expectation. They expected traditional gender-role socialization in daily life. But in sports, they expected musculinity. When they play game, players and managers forget the fact that they are female, and also they expect to do a tough and aggressive behavior like male. It is said that they feel bored and lose the self-confidence about sport when they play a game with femininity. On the contrary, when they play games with rough offence and excessiveness, they are proud of themselves and feel the sense of accomplishment. The female field hockey players stated that they felt the gender role conflicts in the psychological, physical, and social aspects. They must have the features such as aggression and strength in sport situation, but they are expected to do a feminine behaviors according to the internalized gender-role expectation and socialization in the ordinary life. So they felt psychological and physical conflicts. Managers or coaches rewarded female hockey players for their wild and aggressive behavior. On the other hand, They punished female players experience for their weak and passive behavior. As they have played wild and aggressive hockey for 5~6 years, their gender-role identity has been changed from traditional feminine gender-role identity to masculine gender-role identity.

Relationship between Gender Roles and Job Satisfaction among Neurological Physical Therapists

( Ji-whan Park ),( Seul-ki Han ),( Dae-hee Lee ) 대한물리의학회 2016 대한물리의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

PURPOSE: This study was aimed at investigating the types of gender roles and the relationship between gender roles and job satisfaction among neurological physical therapists. METHODS: The study subjects were 169 (male 74, female 95) neurological physical therapists working at general hospitals or rehabilitation centers in the Daejeon Metropolitan City area, South Korea. To identify job satisfaction scores, the subjects completed a questionnaire, and a vernier caliper was used by a trained examiner to measure the lengths of the subjects’ index and ring fingers (i.e., digitus secundus manus and digitus annularis, respectively) to examine gender roles. The index to ring finger length ratio (i.e., 2D:4D ratio) was calculated using a personal computer. An independent t-test was performed to compare the finger length ratio and job satisfaction of male group with that of the female group and a correlation analysis was performed to examine job satisfaction by gender roles. RESULTS: Finger length ratio is lower in males than in females. However, there was no significant difference statistically (p>.05). Regarding job satisfaction by gender, males were more satisfied with their jobs than females (p<.05). However, there were no significant correlations between job satisfaction and gender roles (p>.05). CONCLUSION: It cannot be concluded that bias against gender roles is a contributing factor for neurological physical therapists being satisfied with their job, and thus bias against gender roles among neurological physical therapists should be removed.

성역할 태도와 맞벌이 태도의 차이에 관한 연구: 기혼,유자녀 가구를 중심으로 한 유형화

정윤태 ( Yun-tae Jung ),서재욱 ( Jae Wook Suh ) 한국가족관계학회 2016 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the difference between traditional gender role attitude and realistic dual earner attitude. Most preceding studies analyzed gender role attitude by summated rating scale while few studies have been conducted on the difference between traditional gender role attitude and dual earner attitude. Method: By using the 9th Korea Welfare Panel Data (year 2014), this study extracted households of married couples and with children in working age (18 through 64 years of age) who are the main subjects in work family relationship. First, this study classified traditional group and modern group in their gender role attitude and passive group and active group in their dual earner attitude and by crossing these attitudes, drew out 4 gender role/dual earner attitudes. For analysis, this study investigated frequency of attitude types through descriptive statistics. By conducting ANOVA, study verified if there are significant differences in the satisfaction with family relationship depending on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes. Lastly, study examined the effect of socio-economic status and demographic characteristics on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes by conducting multi-nominal logistic regression analysis. Results: As the result of analysis, first, half of respondents belonged to ``equal-role-oriented type`` who has modern gender role attitude and active dual earner attitude. However, there were not a few ``dual-earner-avoiding type`` who has modern gender role attitude but passive dual earner attitude and ``incongruous attitude type`` who has traditional gender role attitude but active dual earner attitude. Next, ``incongruous attitude type`` had significantly low level of satisfaction with overall family life, relationship with spouse and relationship with children than other attitude types. Lastly, those whose incomes belong to poor strata, those who are high school graduates and lower, males and those who are over the age of 60 had significantly higher probability of belonging to ``incongruous attitude type.`` Conclusion: The results of analysis demonstrate that the difference between gender role attitude and dual earner attitude is an important matter and since ``incongruous attitude type`` exhibits low level of satisfaction with family relationship, scrupulous policy approaches are required for those who have high possibility of belonging to ``incongruous attitude type.``

탈현대적 성역할 담론 구성을 위한 음양론적 접근

이현지 동양사회사상학회 2006 사회사상과 문화 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to reveal the problems of modern gender role discourse and to construct post-modern gender role discourse based on the Yin- Yang theory. The root of modern gender role discourse is the modern world view which postulates man and woman as fundamentally separate being and man-woman relationship as having opposite interests. On the contrary, the Yin-Yang theory regards man-woman relationship as inter-related and harmonious. I will construct post-modern gender role discourse based on the Yin-Yang theory. The approach of Yin-Yang theory on gender role is valuable as follows. First, the approach of Yin-Yang theory can provide a new view on gender role. Modern gender role discourse regards gender role as fixed. But if we see gender role based on the Yin-Yang theory, gender role is not fixed entity. Gender role is changed by the social structural change. Second, the approach of Yin-Yang theory can provide post-modern gender role model. Modern gender role discourse can not provide a proper gender role model which meets the social structural change. The views of Yin-Yang theory includes the assumption of harmonious gender role. And we can construct post-modern gender role model based on harmonious gender role. Third, the approach of Yin-Yang theory can provide a new scheme to recover the limitations of modern gender role discourse. Modern gender role discourse insists that each man and woman has both sexes’ traits. But because this theory is based on the modern world view which postulates the separation of man and woman, this theory has a logical problem. On the contrary, Yin-Yang theory postulates that Yin includes Yang and Yang includes Yin. Therefore, we can recover the limitations of modern gender role discourse. 본 연구에서 연구자는 현대 성역할 담론의 문제점을 살펴보고, 음양론陰陽論을 바탕으로 하여 탈현대의 성역할 담론을 구성하고자 한다. 현대 성역할 담론의 문제점은 남녀를 분리․독립된 존재로 인식하고, 남녀관계를 이해관계가 대립되는 것으로 보는 근대적 세계관에 뿌리를 둔다는 것이다. 이에 반해서 음양론은 남녀를 서로 연결되어 있는 조화로운 관계라고 간주한다. 이와 같이 근대적 세계관과는 상이한 남녀관계관에 대한 가정을 바탕으로, 새로운 성역할 담론을 구성할 수 있다. 성역할에 대한 음양론적인 접근에는 다음과 같은 의의가 있다. 첫째, 음양론적인 접근은 성역할의 새로운 관점을 제시한다. 현대 성역할 담론은 성역할을 고정된 것으로 보고 있다. 그러나 음양론의 관점에서 보면, 성역할은 더 이상 고정된 실체가 아니다. 음양陰陽의 변역變易 논리는 상황 속에서 변화하는 특수와 보편의 관계를 잘 설명해 준다. 이런 논리를 통해서 성역할이 사회적 구성물임을 확인하고, 사회구조적인 변화에 따라서 성역할도 시대의 요구에 맞게 새롭게 변화되어야 한다는 새로운 관점을 형성할 수 있다. 둘째, 음양론적 접근은 탈현대적인 성역할 모델을 제시할 수 있다. 현대 성역할 담론은 사회구조적 변화에 부응할 수 있는 성역할 모델을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 음양론의 시중時中적인 성역할의 관점은 상황 속에서 변화하는 성역할을 잘 설명해 준다. 그리고 조화로운 성역할의 관점은 상호 보완적인 남녀관계와 성역할에 대한 상호 존중을 추구할 수 있는 탈현대적인 성역할 모델을 제시한다. 셋째, 음양론적 접근은 현대 성역할 담론의 이론적 한계를 극복할 수 있는 대안을 제시할 수 있다. 현대 성역할 담론은 고정된 성역할에 대한 관점을 극복하기 위해서 양성성 논의를 주장하고 있다. 양성성을 주장하는 학자들은 각각의 남녀 속에 양자의 특징이 모두 있다고 가정한다. 그러나 이런 주장에는 논리적인 문제가 있다. 남녀가 모두 양성성을 가지고 있다고 한다면, 최초의 남성적인 그리고 여성적인 특징은 어떻게 만들어지는지에 대한 답을 제시할 수가 없다. 음양론의 음양 상함적相含的인 특징은 이런 문제를 해결하는 대안을 가지고 있다. 음陰은 양陽을, 양은 음을 자신 안에 품고 있다. 남성은 여성을, 여성은 남성을 자신 안에 품고 있다. 이런 음양론의 상함적 관점은 현대 성역할 담론의 양성성을 추구하는 논의가 가지고 있는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 이론적인 대안을 제시해 준다.

미디어 속의 여성 : TV광고를 통해 본 수행적 젠더성

김미정(Kim Mi-jeong) 한국비평문학회 2009 批評文學 Vol.- No.32

The modern era is called the “age of media.” The mass media play an important role to build the collective consciousness in the modern society. The contents that appear repetitively through the media can exert considerable influence on the individual perspective and beliefs. If an image in the media is distorted, it may help to generate a negative stereotype. I think researchers should pay special attention to this type of images. The television commercials, which are often called a fifteen-second art, help viewers accept quite naturally both the standardized life styles of social classes and the role models which are based on the division between the two genders. The female role and appearance on the media is directly imprinted on what the public consider as a feminie image and role in reality. On the television commercials a woman is usually depicted as physically and mentally retarded, one who works in the lower rank at work and who is under the constant threat of violence, that is, the weaker sex. This stereotyped female role has been displayed over and again to reinforce inequality and discrimination in the real world, being based on the fixed roles. Recently, however, the traditional stereotype has been changed on the television commercials. Some new types of roles appear to be derived from social independence and sexual pluralism. The fixed image is still used while the alternative is being introduced to reflect the status quo of our society which is quite different from the previous age. I examine the fixed and negative gender shown on the current television commercials in this article, but, at the same time, scrutinize the overturning power of gender that the new television commercials produced. Judith Butler’s performative gender is a useful tool to reveal that the gender is not natural in essence but its identity stems from performance. It is obvious that the post-gender adaptation can be detected on the recent television commercials. They confirm that the gender, which has been believed to be essential, is actually derived from the stereotypes and based on the imitation of repetitive performances. They show counterevidence that the gender identity is fluid, and help us approach to what is “beyond” the gender. Butler said that the gender identity is based on the chronic and patterned repetition of behavior. If we repeat any behavior differently, we can modify its identity. If we deconstruct or overthrow the pattern repetitively, we can change the identity itself. On the recent television commercials, for example, the subjective point of view or status of females, transvestites and transgenders disclose some moments of intrinsically overthrowing the normative gender identity. This may be the critical, post-gender point where the paradox of dichotomy is revealed. If we deny essential femininity and continue to signify female identity in another way, like Butler and other post-structuralists who seriously questioned the gender identity and its cultural values, we can’t be enclosed within the category of gender identity. All kinds of collective identity formed with norm and value can be traced back through the process of forming and implementing. Their border can be blurred and then the limitless possibility of cultural imagination will be open. The television commercials have a power to carry an image of male and female to a wide range of viewers. When they make each gender produce new role models, which are free from the restrictions of sexitivity and respect their individuality as a whole, they can serve as a guide to realize a fluid gender identity.

중⋅고등학교 ‘기술⋅가정’ 교과서 부모삽화에 나타난 성역할 연구

박영주,전미경 한국가정과교육학회 2020 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.32 No.1

This study analyzed the images of father and mother featured in the illustrations of the middle and high school textbooks, paying attention to the roles of the school education for the effective gender equality. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the middle and high school textbooks would serve for a balanced gender role through their illustrations. To this end, this study sampled a total of 36 middle and high school textbooks: for the middle schoolers, and for high schoolers, and thereby, selected their illustrations of parents, and then, analyzed them in terms of their external aspects and contents. Summing up, it could be confirmed through the middle and high school textbooks that most of their illustrations show gender-equal roles, while some of them reflect a fixed conception of the gender roles. Since the homes are the bases for socialization of the children about the gender roles, it is required of our middle and high schools to implement a gender-equal education. As seen in the results of this study, some illustrations of our middle and high school ‘technology and home Education’ textbooks feature the mothers as housekeeper and the fathers as family heads creating the goods and services. Hence, it is urgent to correct such conception of the patriarchal gender roles. 본 연구는 실질적 양성평등을 실현하기 위한 학교교육의 역할과 성역할 사회화 과정에 주목하여, 중⋅고등학교의 ‘기술⋅가정’ 교과서 ‘가정’ 영역에 나타나는 삽화 속 아버지상과 어머니상을 분석하였다. 이에 2015 개정 중학교 ‘기술⋅가정 1’과 ‘기술⋅가정2’ 교과서와 고등학교 ‘기술⋅가정’ 교과서, 총 36종의 ‘가정’ 영역에 등장하는 부모삽화를 분석 대상으로 선정하였고, 삽화의외형적 측면에서의 부모 성역할과 내용적 측면에서의 부모 성역할을 분석범주로 삼았다. 분석 결과를 종합해보면, 중⋅고등학교의 ‘기술⋅가정’ 교과의 ‘기술⋅가정’ 교과서 속 부모삽화는 양성평등한 성역할의 측면과함께 특정 성에 편중된 성역할 고정관념을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과에서 나타난 것처럼, 전통적인 부모의성역할에 있어서 어머니는 가사 일을 전담하고 아버지는 가정의 가장으로서 권위를 가지고 재화를 창출하는 경제활동의 중심에놓는 양상이 여전히 남아있는 일부 삽화들의 경우, 전통적 성역할 고정관념을 심어줄 수 있다는 점에서 개선의 필요가 있다.

성역할 고정관념이 데이트폭력에 미치는 영향 : 폭력허용도의 매개효과를 중심으로

한정희(Han Jeong Hee),허무열(Huh Moo Yul),박진희(Park Jin Hee) 사단법인 안전문화포럼 2021 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.12

본 연구는 데이트폭력에 영향을 미치는 성역할 고정관념, 폭력 허용도에 대한 변인 간 상관관계를 연구하였다. 데이트폭력은 엄연한 폭력이며 피해자에게 다양한 악영향을 끼친다. 따라서 데이트폭력에 영향을 미치는 성역할 고정관념, 폭력 허용도에 대한 변인 간 상관관계를 규명하고 인구통계학적으로 어떤 계층이 더 영향을 받는지를 밝히는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 대전광역시 유성구 온천문화 축제(3일간) 참여자들과 일반 직장인(방문을 통해 수집)을 대상으로 한 설문조사(650명)를 기반으로 수행되었다. 설문은 성역할 고정관념, 폭력허용도, 데이트폭력의 관련성과 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 차이를 측정하기 위해 likert 척도 방식을 활용하여 총 52개 문항으로 구성했다. 수집된 자료에 대해서는 통계분석을 기본으로 하되 자료 검증과 관계분석 등을 위해 빈도분석, T-test분석, 분산분석, 구조방정식모형분석 등 다양한 방법을 활용하였다. 주요변인에 대한 연구결과 먼저 성역할 고정관념은 인구통계학적으로 남성이 여성보다, 기혼이 미혼보다, 60대가 20대보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 폭력허용도와 관련해서는 여성이 남성보다 폭력허용도가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 기혼이 미혼보다, 60대 및 50대가 다른 연령대에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 학력에 따라서는 중졸이 가장 높고 대졸 이상이 가장 낮아 학력에 따라서도 유의미한 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 또한 본 연구에서 성역할 고정관념이 폭력허용도를 매개로 하여 데이트폭력으로 발전해 가는지를 분석한 결과 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 성역할 고정관념은 인구통계학적으로 여성보다 남성이, 미혼자보다 기혼자가 높게 나타났다. 즉 남성은 가족의 경제를 담당해야 하는 수단적인 역할(instrumental role)을 부여받고, 여성은 가사노동과 자녀양육을 전담해야 하는 표현적인 역할(expressive role)을 부여받는 전통적인 성역할 규범과 연관성이 있는 것으로 설명된다. 자녀출산 이후 가족 구성원수가 증가하면서 성역할 고정관념은 더욱 높아지고 있다. 이는 여성에게 가사와 자녀양육에 대한 역할요구와 기대치가 남성에 비해 가중된 무게로 환경적 · 규범적 · 심리적요인으로 작용하는 것으로 보인다. 또한 성역할 고정관념이 직접적으로 데이트폭력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 주목할 점은 성역할 고정관념이 폭력허용도를 매개로 했을 때 데이트폭력을 증가시키는데 더 큰 요인으로 확인되었다. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the variables of gender role stereotypes and violence tolerance that affect dating violence. Dating violence is violence and has a variety of adverse effects on the victim. As a result, it is necessary to identify gender role stereotypes affecting dating violence, the correlation between variables on the permissiveness of violence, and to reveal which classes are more affected demographically. Through this, we intend to propose measures to efficiently prevent violence arising from intimate relationships and establish safe and equal family relationships. This study was conducted based on a survey (650 people) of participants and ordinary office workers (collected through visits) at the Yuseong-gu Hot Spring Culture Festival in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The survey consisted of a total of 52 questions using the likert scale method to measure differences in gender role stereotypes, violence tolerance, the relevance of dating violence and demographic characteristics. The collected data is based on statistical analysis, but various methods such as frequency analysis, T-test analysis, variance analysis, and structural equation model analysis were used for data verification and relationship analysis. Studies on major variables showed that first, gender role stereotypes are demographically higher for men than women, married women, and people in their 60s than those in their 20s. Next, when it comes to violence tolerance, it was analyzed that women have higher violence tolerance than men. In addition, married people in their 60s and 50s were found to be higher than unmarried people. Depending on the academic background, middle school students were the highest, and college graduates or higher were the lowest, indicating significant differences depending on the academic background. In addition, the analysis of whether gender role stereotypes develop into dating violence through the medium of violence tolerance in this study found significant. The gender role stereotype was demographically higher for men than women and married people than for single people. In other words, it is explained that men are given instrumental roles to take charge of the family s economy, and women are given expressive roles to take charge of housework and child care. As the number of family members has increased since the birth of children, gender role stereotypes are increasing. This seems to be an environmental, normative, and psychological factor, with women s role demands and expectations for housework and child rearing weighted compared to men. Furthermore, gender role stereotypes have been shown to directly affect dating violence. It is noteworthy that gender role stereotypes have been found to be a greater factor in increasing dating violence when mediated with violence tolerance.

대학생의 성역할 정체감, 성역할 태도가 진로자기효능감, 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향

이상희,이은진 한국상담학회 2009 상담학연구 Vol.10 No.4

Traditionally men and women had pursuit different careers. Recently women have entered male-dominated careers and vice-versa. The studies regarding non-traditional careers have been focused on gender related variables. This study investigated how gender role identity and gender role attitude variables relate to career decision self-efficacy and career maturity variables. The sample of the present study consisted of 519 college students (235 males and 284 females). The participants completed questionnaires of gender role identity, gender role attitude, career decision self-efficacy, and career maturity variables. The results showed as follow. First, there were significant differences between male and female students on gender role attitudes. Specifically, male college students reported higher scores on masculinity than female college students whereas female students reported higher scores on gender-role attitude than male students. second, male students' masculinity variable was significantly related to femininity variable whereas there was no significant relationship between gender role identity and gender role attitude variables. ln addition, male students reported higher scores on traditionalism than female students. Third, four gender role identity groups have different scores on career decision self-efficacy and career maturity variables. Fourth, gender role identity and gender role attitude variables significantly contributed to career decision self-efficacy and career attitude variables. In addition, there were significant differences between male and female students on career decision self-efficacy and career attitude variables. Fifth, the results of the present study indicated decision self-efficacy and career maturity variables were varied by scores on gender role attitude variable. Finally, the results did not support the hypothesis that gender role attitude variable would moderate the relationship between gender role identity and career decision self-efficacy variables as well as the relationship between gender role identity and career maturity variables. The limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed. 본 연구에서는 개인의 직업선택에 영향을 미치는 변인으로 성역할 정체감과 성역할 태도의 중요성을 제시하고, 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 연구는 대학생 519명(남학생 235명, 여학생 284명)을 대상으로 하여 성역할 정체감 척도, 성역할 태도 척도, 진로결정 자기효능감 척도, 진로태도성숙 척도를 사용하여 실시되었다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남성성과 성역할 태도에서 성차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 남성성은 남학생이 여학생보다 높은 것으로 나타났고, 성역할 태도는 여학생이 남학생보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 남학생의 경우 남성성이 높은 것은 여성성이 높은 것과 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 성역할 정체감과 성역할 태도는 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 남학생들의 성역할 태도는 여학생에 비해 유의미하게 전통, 보수적임이 확인되었다. 셋째, 남학생과 여학생 집단 모두에서 성역할 정체감에 따라 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙 수준에 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 성역할 정체감과 성역할 태도는 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 성차가 나타나고 있었다. 다섯 째, 성역할 태도에 따라 성역할 정체성 집단의 진로자기효능감과 진로태도성숙이 달라지는 것이 확인되었다. 여섯 째, 성역할 정체감과 진로자기효능감, 진로태도성숙의 관계에 대한 성역할 태도의 조절효과를 확인한 결과, 남학생 집단과 여학생 집단 모두에서 조절효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속연구에 대해 논의하였다

탈현대적 성역할 담론 구성을 위한 음양론적 접근

이현지(Lee Hyun-Ji) 동양사회사상학회 2006 사회사상과 문화 Vol.14 No.-

  본 연구에서 연구자는 현대 성역할 담론의 문제점을 살펴보고, 음양론陰陽論을 바탕으로 하여 탈현대의 성역할 담론을 구성하고자 한다. 현대 성역할 담론의 문제점은 남녀를 분리?독립된 존재로 인식하고, 남녀관계를 이해관계가 대립되는 것으로 보는 근대적 세계관에 뿌리를 둔다는 것이다. 이에 반해서 음양론은 남녀를 서로 연결되어 있는 조화로운 관계라고 간주한다. 이와 같이 근대적 세계관과는 상이한 남녀관계관에 대한 가정을 바탕으로, 새로운 성역할 담론을 구성할 수 있다.<BR>  성역할에 대한 음양론적인 접근에는 다음과 같은 의의가 있다. 첫째, 음양론적인 접근은 성역할의 새로운 관점을 제시한다. 현대 성역할 담론은 성역할을 고정된 것으로 보고 있다. 그러나 음양론의 관점에서 보면, 성역할은 더 이상 고정된 실체가 아니다. 음양陰陽의 변역變易 논리는 상황 속에서 변화하는 특수와 보편의 관계를 잘 설명해 준다. 이런 논리를 통해서 성역할이 사회적 구성물임을 확인하고, 사회구조적인 변화에 따라서 성역할도 시대의 요구에 맞게 새롭게 변화되어야 한다는 새로운 관점을 형성할 수 있다.<BR>  둘째, 음양론적 접근은 탈현대적인 성역할 모델을 제시할 수 있다. 현대 성역할 담론은 사회구조적 변화에 부응할 수 있는 성역할 모델을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 음양론의 시중時中적인 성역할의 관점은 상황 속에서 변화하는 성역할을 잘 설명해 준다. 그리고 조화로운 성역할의 관점은 상호 보완적인 남녀관계와 성역할에 대한 상호 존중을 추구할 수 있는 탈현대적인 성역할 모델을 제시한다.<BR>  셋째, 음양론적 접근은 현대 성역할 담론의 이론적 한계를 극복할 수 있는 대안을 제시할 수 있다. 현대 성역할 담론은 고정된 성역할에 대한 관점을 극복하기 위해서 양성성 논의를 주장하고 있다. 양성성을 주장하는 학자들은 각각의 남녀 속에 양자의 특징이 모두 있다고 가정한다. 그러나 이런 주장에는 논리적인 문제가 있다. 남녀가 모두 양성성을 가지고 있다고 한다면, 최초의 남성적인 그리고 여성적인 특징은 어떻게 만들어지는지에 대한 답을 제시할 수가 없다. 음양론의 음양 상함적相含的인 특징은 이런 문제를 해결하는 대안을 가지고 있다. 음陰은 양陽을, 양은 음을 자신 안에 품고 있다. 남성은 여성을, 여성은 남성을 자신 안에 품고 있다. 이런 음양론의 상함적 관점은 현대 성역할 담론의 양성성을 추구하는 논의가 가지고 있는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 이론적인 대안을 제시해 준다.   The purpose of this study is to reveal the problems of modern gender role discourse and to construct post-modern gender role discourse based on the Yin- Yang theory. The root of modern gender role discourse is the modern world view which postulates man and woman as fundamentally separate being and man-woman relationship as having opposite interests. On the contrary, the Yin-Yang theory regards man-woman relationship as inter-related and harmonious. I will construct post-modern gender role discourse based on the Yin-Yang theory.<BR>  The approach of Yin-Yang theory on gender role is valuable as follows. First, the approach of Yin-Yang theory can provide a new view on gender role. Modern gender role discourse regards gender role as fixed. But if we see gender role based on the Yin-Yang theory, gender role is not fixed entity. Gender role is changed by the social structural change.<BR>  Second, the approach of Yin-Yang theory can provide post-modern gender role model. Modern gender role discourse can not provide a proper gender role model which meets the social structural change. The views of Yin-Yang theory includes the assumption of harmonious gender role. And we can construct post-modern gender role model based on harmonious gender role.<BR>  Third, the approach of Yin-Yang theory can provide a new scheme to recover the limitations of modern gender role discourse. Modern gender role discourse insists that each man and woman has both sexes’ traits. But because this theory is based on the modern world view which postulates the separation of man and woman, this theory has a logical problem. On the contrary, Yin-Yang theory postulates that Yin includes Yang and Yang includes Yin. Therefore, we can recover the limitations of modern gender role discourse.