뇌성마비 환아의 운동 수행능력과 일상생활 능력에 대한 포괄적 미술치료의 효과

백수정,양충용,이명수,정복희,강은영,양지수 대한통합의학회 2019 대한통합의학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of comprehensive art therapy on physical function and activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method : Ten ambulant children with diplegic (n=8) or hemiplegic (n=2) cerebral palsy participated in this study. All were randomly assigned to either the art therapy group (n=5) or the control group (n=5). Both groups received physical therapy based on neurodevelopmental techniques for 20 minutes a day, 1 day a week, for a period of 12 weeks. Children in the art therapy group received additional comprehensive art therapy for 70 minutes once a week for 3 months. Tests for various measurements—Motricity Index (MI) for strength, Trunk Control Test (TCT) for trunk ability, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for gross motor function, Denver Developmental Screening Test-II (DDST-II) for developmental milestones, Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM) for abilities to complete daily activities, Leg and Hand Ability Test (LHAT) for limb function—were performed before and after treatments. Results : The upper extremity and whole extremity strengths of MI, self-care and total scores of WeeFIM, and leg and arm functions of LHAT improved significantly only for individuals in the art therapy group after the art therapy (p<0.05). The value of MI after treatment was at the upper extremity and whole extremity strengths the leg function of LHAT was also significantly improved compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study revealed that comprehensive art therapy along with physiotherapy was effective in increasing upper extremity strength and leg ability in children with cerebral palsy. This suggests that comprehensive art therapy may be a useful adjunctive therapy for children with cerebral palsy. Purpose : 본 연구는 뇌성 마비 환아에서 일상생활의 신체 기능과 활동에 대한 포괄적 미술치료의 효과를 평가하고자 하였다. Method : 보행 가능한 하지우세마비 뇌성마비 환아(n=8)와 편마비 뇌성마비 환아(n=2)의 총 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 무작위로 선정법에 의하여 미술치료군(n=5)과 대조군(n=5)으로 배정하였다. 대조군은 일주일에 한번, 하루에 20분씩 신경발달치료에 근거한 물리치료를 12주간 실시하였고, 미술치료 군의 환아들에게는 일주일에 한번, 하루에 70분씩 12주 동안 포괄적인 미술치료를 추가적으로 시행하였다. 근력 평가를 위하여 Motricity Index (MI), 체간 능력 평가를 위한 Trunk Control Test (TCT), 대근육 운동 기능을 평가하기 위한 GMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure), 전반적인 발달 수준을 평가하기 위해서 Denver Developmental Screening Test-II (DDST-II), 일상생활 능력을 평가하기 위하여 Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM), 팔과 다리 기능을 검사를 위한 Leg and Hand Ability Test (LHAT)가 치료 전과 후에 수행하였다. Results : 미술치료 군에서 MI의 상지와 사지 전체의 근력, WeeFIM의 신변처리와 전체 점수, LHAT의 다리와 팔의 기능이 미술치료 후에 유의하게 호전되었다(p<0.05). 미술치료 군은 MI에서 상지와 사지 전체의 근력, LHAT에서 다리의 기능이 대조군과 비교하여 유의하게 호전되었다(p<0.05). Conclusion : 본 연구에서 뇌성마비 환아들에게 재활치료와 병행한 포괄적 미술치료가 상지 근력과 다리 기능의 호전이 관찰되었다. 따라서 뇌성마비 환자의 치료에서 포괄적 미술치료가 보조적 치료로 유용하다는 것을 제안한다. Purpose : To evaluate the effect of comprehensive art therapy on physical function and activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method : Ten ambulant children with diplegic (n=8) or hemiplegic (n=2) cerebral palsy participated in this study. All were randomly assigned to either the art therapy group (n=5) or the control group (n=5). Both groups received physical therapy based on neurodevelopmental techniques for 20 minutes a day, 1 day a week, for a period of 12 weeks. Children in the art therapy group received additional comprehensive art therapy for 70 minutes once a week for 3 months. Tests for various measurements—Motricity Index (MI) for strength, Trunk Control Test (TCT) for trunk ability, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for gross motor function, Denver Developmental Screening Test-II (DDST-II) for developmental milestones, Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM) for abilities to complete daily activities, Leg and Hand Ability Test (LHAT) for limb function—were performed before and after treatments. Results : The upper extremity and whole extremity strengths of MI, self-care and total scores of WeeFIM, and leg and arm functions of LHAT improved significantly only for individuals in the art therapy group after the art therapy (p<0.05). The value of MI after treatment was at the upper extremity and whole extremity strengths the leg function of LHAT was also significantly improved compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study revealed that comprehensive art therapy along with physiotherapy was effective in increasing upper extremity strength and leg ability in children with cerebral palsy. This suggests that comprehensive art therapy may be a useful adjunctive therapy for children with cerebral palsy.

미술교육에서 지각적 경험의 의미와 역할에 대한 고찰

이모영(Lee, Mo Young) 한국미술교육학회 2009 美術敎育論叢 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 미술교육에서 지각적 경험의 의미와 역할을 미술의 사회적 기능에 관한 논의를 중심으로 고찰해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 지각적 경험의 개념을 구체적으로 기술하고, 지각적 경험의 주요 이론과 특징을 분석하였다. 그리고 이에 근거하여 미술이 구체적으로 어떤 인지적, 사회적 기능을 수행하고 있는지를 논의하였다. 미술의 중요한 인지적, 사회적 기능은 다음과 같다 우선 미술은 통합적 사고방식과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 이 통합적 사고방식은 미술의 이해는 물론 발견과 통찰의 과정에 매우 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 둘째로 미술은 다양성과 개방성을 촉진하는 기능을 수행한다. 따라서 미술교육은 삶에서 다양한 의견을 장려하고, 다름에 대한 개방성과 관용을 발달시키는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 셋째로 미술은 소통을 촉진하는 기능을 수행한다. 서로 대립되는 견해가 존재할 때, 미술은 각각의 견해를 고유한 개별적 특수성을 통해 지각하도록 함으로써 더욱 바람직한 행위를 이끌어 내도록 하는데 매우 효과적인 수단을 제공한다. 이를 통해 미술은 우리 사회에 만연해 있는 대립과 갈등을 극복하는데 크게 기여할 수 있다. 미술교육에서 지각의 의미와 역할에 대한 본 논의는 미술이 우리의 삶에서 왜 중요한지 그리고 미술교육이 공교육의 현장에서 왜 등한시되지 말아야 하는지에 대한 논거에 이론적 기초를 제공하는데 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다. This study intends to search for the significance and role of perceptive experience in art education focusing on the issues raised on the social function of arts. For this, the paper will describe the concept of perceptive experience in detail and analyze major principles and characteristics of perceptive experiences Based on the results derived, the significant cognitive and social function of arts was discussed. The significant functions of arts in terms of cognitive and social aspects were as followings. First, arts was closely related to the integrated way of thinking. This integrated way of thinking served a very critical role for the understanding of arts as well as the process of artistic discovery and insight. Second, arts served the function to accelerate the sense of diversity and openness. Therefore, art education takes a very significant role to encourage the display of various opinions in life and develop the sense of openness as well as tolerance to differences. And third, arts served the function to accelerate communication. When confronting ideas exist, arts provides a very effective means to derive more ideal acts by helping people perceive each opinion by viewing others' unique characteristics. Through such approach, arts can greatly contribute to overcoming the confrontation and complication spread in our society. The study that has approached the art education in terms of significance and role of perception is expected to provide the persuasive theoretical bases when it comes to discuss the importance of art in our lives and stress the art education in public education.

기능 해체의 특성을 가진 아트퍼니처 사례 연구

김정섭 한국기초조형학회 2020 기초조형학연구 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study is to examine how deconstructivism, the main feature in Post Modernism, is applied to art furniture in terms of function. The deconstruction of function, which is the principal logo for furniture design has a deep correlation with the formative characteristics of art furniture, that strives to converge genres in context of social diversification. From the past to the modern era, function was evidently valued in furniture, but deconstructivism followed by the occurrence of Différance and intertextuality that contributed to the development of art furniture. This is a new trend in furniture design that is often found in modern society. Furthermore, art furniture can be seen as a new logo that gives furniture an artistic value rather than being categorized as mere household products. The scope of the study explores ways in which deconstructive properties are found in art and design and analyses the initial trigger of deconstructivism to furniture design, focusing on the the anti-design movement in Italy. While function is considered the most important aspect to be accompanied in design, the de-formal process of deconstructivism seeks to break the core logos of furniture. Through différance and deconstruction of function, this process describes the relationship of art furniture between art and design. For better understanding, the characteristics of functional deconstruction in art furniture are divided into three types(reduction, conversion, and elimination). The characteristics of deconstructivism are analysed through stylistic forms that are associated with art furniture. In the future, this research will allow various academics to shed light on the value of new logos that challenge the dichotomy of art and design divided by function through deformalization and rejection of the genre. 본 연구는 포스트 모던의 주요 특징인 해체주의의 경향이 기능의 범주에서 아트퍼니처에 어떠한 방식으로 적용되고 있는지 고찰하는 것에 목적이 있다. 가구의 핵심 로고스였던 기능의 해체는 현대의 다원화 양상에 따라 다른 장르와의 융합을 시도하는 아트퍼니처의 조형적 특성과 관련이 깊다. 과거부터모더니즘 시대까지 가구가 가지는 기능의 목적은 명확했으나, 해체주의의 차연, 상호텍스트성 등의 현상을 통한 아트퍼니처 장르의 발달에 힘입어 기능은 다양하게 해체되기 시작했다. 이는 포스트 모더니즘의 사회에서 자주 발견되는 현대 가구 디자인의 새로운 현상이며, 가구는 이제 살림살이라는 범주를넘어 예술적 가치를 대변하는 새로운 로고스의 시작을 보여주고 있다. 연구 방법은 해체주의의 특성이예술과 디자인에서 어떻게 시작, 발전되고 있는지 알아보고, 가구 디자인의 해체가 적용된 시발점을이탈리아의 안티-디자인에서 기능을 중심으로 분석하였다. 가구에서의 기능은 디자인에서 반드시 수반되어야 할 장르적 특성이었으나, 해체주의의 탈-형식의 과정은 가구라는 핵심 로고스의 탈피를 도모하고 있으며, 이 과정은 기능의 해체와 차연을 통한 예술과 디자인 사이의 아트퍼니처의 연관 관계를 잘 설명한다. 본 연구에서는 현대 가구의 해체적 표현의 이해를 도모하기 위하여 아트퍼니처에서발견할 수 있는 기능 해체의 특징을 크게 3가지(약소화, 전환, 제거)로 나누고, 이에 관련된 가구의 조형을 통해 현대 해체주의의 특징을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 기능이라는 과거 로고스의 형식을 벗어나 해체가 적극적으로 이루어지고 있는 아트퍼니처 사례를 통해 예술과 디자인의 이분법의 탈 장르, 형식화를 발견하고 새로운 로고스의 가치를 발견할 수 있는 다양한 연구에 도움을 줄 것이다.

예술의 비판기능과 유희기능의 종합을 위한 성찰 알뛰세르와 블랑쇼를 중심으로

최원 ( Choi Won ) 영미문학연구회 2019 안과 밖 Vol.0 No.46

This paper, while taking a position of criticizing the ‘affect theory,’ aims to provide an answer to the age old difficult question of how the critique-function and the enjoyment-function of art can be synthesized. This paper first critically reviews Kwang-Hyun Shim’s recent essay that tries to answer the same question from the standpoint of the affect theory. Following Louis Althusser’s discussion of Bertolt Brecht, this paper puts into question Shim’s idea that is also commonly shared by many: namely, the idea that the essential function of art consists in offering art viewers healing effects. According to Althusser, art cannot produce healing effects unlike other practices such as politics or science, since it does not approach life as present in person but only in the mode of representation. In this regard, art is much closer to philosophy than to politics or science. However, Althusser also points out that Brecht failed to comprehend the specificity of the enjoyment that art works provide, ending up in an intellectualist notion of art. This paper argues that, in order to properly understand the enjoyment-function of art which does not contradict its critique-function, it is necessary to introduce the psychoanalytic concept of jouissance that Jacques Lacan developed. According to him, jouissance qua enjoyment of pain should be completely distinguished from pleasure resulting from a satisfaction of needs. Jouissance rather has an essential relationship with death. Understood as jouissance, the artistic enjoyment in itself comes to be able to perform a function of criticizing the life world dominated by needs, efficiency, production, etc. This paper finally explores Maurice Blanchot’s theory that views the space of literature as that of death, and draws a conclusion that art is not a practice offering a correct understanding of the world or, even less, an alternative progressive ideology, but must be conceived as a practice of doubt revealing that there is an outside of the world of needs.

경계선 지능인을 대상으로 미술치료를 실행한 미술치료사의 경험에 관한 질적 연구

박진희,이아영 한국조형교육학회 2025 조형교육 Vol.- No.93

본 연구는 경계선 지능인을 위한 미술치료의 효과와 중요성을 강조하며, 미술심리지원 체계 구축을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 미술치료 현장에서 미술치료사가 경험하는 어려움과 고민을 살펴보고, 보다 효과적인 미술치료 방안을 모색하며 치료적 의미를 심층적으로 탐구하였다. 경계선 지능인 대상 미술치료 경험이 있는 미술치료사 3인을 대상으로 인터뷰를 실시하고 질적 분석을 수행한 결과, 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 경계선 지능인의 특성과 발달 수준 및 심리·정서적 요구를 고려한 맞춤형 미술치료적 접근이 필수적이었다. 둘째, 미술치료는 정서적 안정과 인지적 발달 간의 통합을 이루며, 정서적·사회적 문제를 완화하는 역할을 하였다. 셋째, 미술치료는 경계선 지능인의 전인적 성장을 촉진하는 미술만의 고유한 치료적 힘을 가졌다. 넷째, 낮은 사회적 인식과 미술치료 효과에 대한 즉각적인 기대, 부족한 자료 및 지원 체계 등의 한계가 존재하였다. 이처럼 미술치료는 정서적 안정과 인지적 발달을 통합적으로 지원하며, 경계선 지능인을 지능의 경계에만 위치시키지 않고, 자기표현과 사회적 소통을 촉진하는 역할을 하였다. 향후, 경계선 지능인을 위한 미술심리지원을 위해 체계적인 연구 및 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 미술치료사의 역량 강화와 전문가 간 협력 체계 구축이 요구된다. This study highlights the effectiveness of art therapy for individuals with borderline intellectual functioning and seeks to lay the groundwork for an art psychological support system. To this end, the study examined the challenges faced by art therapists, explored ways to enhance therapy, and delved into its therapeutic significance. Interviews with three experienced art therapists were conducted, followed by qualitative analysis. As a result, first, a personalized art therapy, tailored to the characteristics, developmental level, and psychological-emotional needs of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning, proved essential. Second, art therapy facilitated the integration of emotional stability and cognitive development while playing a crucial role in alleviating emotional and social challenges. Third, art therapy has the unique therapeutic power of art to promote holistic growth of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning. Fourth, there were limitations, including low societal awareness, expectations of immediate results, and a lack of resources and support systems. Thus, supporting both emotional stability and cognitive development, art therapy does not place individuals with borderline intellectual functioning on the ‘borderline of intelligent, but promotes self-expression and social communication. Moving forward, further research and program development are needed, along with strengthening art therapists' competencies and enhancing professional collaboration.

공동체를 위한 예술과 공공미술

강수미(Kang Su-Mi) 현대미술학회 2008 현대미술학 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

What does it mean to speak of public art? To what extent does it make sense to speak of a 'publicity' in art world? The challenges and contradictions of public art in contemporary culture situation have never been greater. For the fields of art and culture global capitalism more and more demands becoming industrialize and commercialize, public art also confronts same situation. In this moments, I will argue about public art's identity and social function. In western culture, since the end of the 19th century, traditional monuments began to lose their visual-symbolic effectiveness. Then artists have invented new ways of creating effective participations or interventions in public space while also attempting to address a wide array of public audience. For example, S. Lacy who suggested the concept of 'New Genre Public art' in Mapping the Terrain: New Genre Public Art(1995) encouraged more contemporary artists to work their creation or activity for social community. The first section of this essay will be considered to the problem of defining a public art in relation to community that are, by their nature, "exposed"―inhabiting spaces that are deemed public or common. Especially I will discuss the possibility of art for community's sake beyond 'art for art's sake', by making reference to the Walter Benjamin's late art theory that he examined the new identity and function of modern art under the social condition of modern era. The second section might be the crucial part of this essay. Because my debate as a kind of case study on the success or failure of some artists's art works or activities in the public sphere. First, I will investigate the matter of process that art works gain in the popularity and publicity, by discussing between the A. Warhol's 〈Disaster painting〉 and F. Gonzalez-Torres's 〈Untitled〉 installation series. Second, my argument is deal with the problem of artistic methodology that public art works can be functioning as the productive medium for the collective memory and experience. In this part, I will focus on two well-documented examples of public art: M. Lin's 〈Vietnam Veterans Memorial〉 and A. Gormley's 〈Angel of the North〉. Both examples proved exceptionally controversial, and the nature of these controversies will serve to illuminate a number of the main issues raised in this essay.

The Effect of Comprehensive Art Therapy on Physical Performance and Activities of Daily Living in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Baek, Suejung,Lee, Myeungsu,Yang, Chungyong,Yang, Jisu,Kang, Eunyeong,Chong, Bokhee Korean Society of Integrative Medicine 2019 대한통합의학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of comprehensive art therapy on physical function and activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods : Ten ambulant children with diplegic (n=8) or hemiplegic (n=2) CP participated in this study. All were randomly assigned to either the art therapy group (n=5) or the control group (n=5). Both groups received physical therapy based on neurodevelopmental techniques for 20 minutes a day, 1 day a week, for a period of 12 weeks. Children in the art therapy group received additional comprehensive art therapy for 70 minutes once a week for 3 months. Tests for various measurements-Motricity Index (MI) for strength, Trunk Control Test (TCT) for trunk ability, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for gross motor function, Denver Developmental Screening Test-II (DDST-II) for developmental milestones, Functional Independence Measure of Children (WeeFIM) for abilities to complete daily activities, Leg and Hand Ability Test (LHAT) for limb function-were performed before and after treatments. Results : The upper extremity and whole extremity strengths of MI, self-care and total scores of WeeFIM, and leg and arm functions of LHAT improved significantly only for individuals in the art therapy group after the art therapy (p<.05). The value of MI after treatment was at the upper extremity and whole extremity strengths the leg function of LHAT was also significantly improved compared to the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : This study revealed that comprehensive art therapy along with physiotherapy was effective in increasing upper extremity strength and leg ability in children with CP. This suggests that comprehensive art therapy may be a useful adjunctive therapy for children with CP.

공동체를 위한 예술과 공공미술

강수미 현대미술학회 2008 현대미술학 논문집 Vol.1 No.12

What does it mean to speak of public art? To what extent does it make sense to speak of a 'publicity' in art world? The challenges and contradictions of public art in contemporary culture situation have never been greater. For the fields of art and culture global capitalism more and more demands becoming industrialize and commercialize, public art also confronts same situation. In this moments, I will argue about public art's identity and social function. In western culture, since the end of the 19th century, traditional monuments began to lose their visual-symbolic painting> and F. Gonzalez-Torres's <Untitled> installation series. Second, my argument is deal with the problem of artistic methodology that public art works can be functioning as the productive medium for the collective memory and experience. In this part, I will focus on two well-documented examples of public art: M. Lin's <Vietnam Veterans Memorial> and A. Gormley's <Angel of the North>. Both examples proved exceptionally controversial, and the nature of these controversies will serve to illuminate a number of the main issues raised in this essay. What does it mean to speak of public art? To what extent does it make sense to speak of a 'publicity' in art world? The challenges and contradictions of public art in contemporary culture situation have never been greater. For the fields of art and culture global capitalism more and more demands becoming industrialize and commercialize, public art also confronts same situation. In this moments, I will argue about public art's identity and social function. In western culture, since the end of the 19th century, traditional monuments began to lose their visual-symbolic painting> and F. Gonzalez-Torres's <Untitled> installation series. Second, my argument is deal with the problem of artistic methodology that public art works can be functioning as the productive medium for the collective memory and experience. In this part, I will focus on two well-documented examples of public art: M. Lin's <Vietnam Veterans Memorial> and A. Gormley's <Angel of the North>. Both examples proved exceptionally controversial, and the nature of these controversies will serve to illuminate a number of the main issues raised in this essay.

‘오브제(Object) 애니메이션’의 미학적 정서와 창의성에 관한 연구 –문화예술교육 결과물의 ‘오브제(Object)’ 유형 분석을 중심으로-

김현영,김재웅 한국만화애니메이션학회 2018 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.50

This is a study on 'Objet' in animation culture art education. Research on the use of Objet in modern art is actively under way. From Cubism to Dadaism, Surrealism, Futurism and Pop art, it is no exaggeration to say that the Objet is stepping with modern art. In addition, Objet has a remarkable value in the field of visual arts expressing 'motion' such as kinetic art, video art, media art, and animation. However, there are not many cases of classifying and studying the types of Objets used in artworks. Therefore, this researcher has been influenced by the surrealism discourse and prepared six types of Objets type analysis framework. And the research focused on 'the aesthetic emotion and educational aspect of creativity improvement' of Objet animation was conducted. The type analysis framework is named as a drawing Objet, Objet of existence, a morphine Objet, epidermis Objet, assigned Objet and assemblage Objet and this type is presented and analyzed with case image. The data used in this study was focused on the outcome of Objet animation that were trained for non-experts in culture and arts education. This aesthetic emotion refers to Freud's desire for life (Eros) as Attraction, and desire for death (Thanatos) as Uncanny (fearful unfamiliarity) and explains the conflicting concept with the Animism, the indigenous religion. Next, educational aspects of Objet animation creativity improvement in relation to the term 'functional fixedness' was discussed as described by Gestalt psychologist Karl Duncker (1903-1940). Overcoming the functional fixedness is a phenomenon that is fixed only to the functional aspects of things and can't be changed. In this study, the educational aspect of creativity improvement was demonstrated as a case of overcoming the functional fixedness through 'Objet Animation' culture and art education. Ultimately, this study is to prove the aesthetic emotion and creativity of the Objet animation by analyzing Objet types. Furthermore, it is meaningful to suggest direction when using 'Objet Animation' in culture and arts education. 연구는 애니메이션 문화예술교육 중 ‘오브제(Object)’에 관한 연구이다. 현대예술에서 오브제의 활용에 관한 연구는 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 큐비즘부터 다다이즘, 초현실주의, 미래파, 팝아트에 이르기까지 오브제는 현대미술과 발걸음을 함께 한다고 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 또한 오브제는 키네틱 아트, 비디오 아트, 미디어 아트, 애니메이션 등 ‘움직임’을 표현하는 영상예술 분야에서도 주목할 만한 가치를 가지고 있다. 그러나 예술작품에 사용되는 오브제의 유형을 분류하고 연구한 사례는 많지 않다. 이에 본 연구자는 초현실주의 담론에서 영향을 받아 6가지 오브제 유형분석 틀을 마련하고 오브제 애니메이션의 ‘미학적 정서와 창의성 향상의 교육적 측면’을 고찰하는 연구를 진행하였다. 유형분석틀은 드로잉 오브제, 실재(존재)의 오브제, 몰핑 오브제, 표피의 오브제, 대입된 오브제, 아상블라주 오브제로 명명하였고 이 유형을 사례 이미지와 함께 제시하며 분석하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 자료는 문화예술교육에서 비전문가를 대상으로 교육한 오브제 애니메이션 결과물을 중심으로 하였다. 미학적 정서는 프로이드가 말한 생명에 대한 욕구(Eros)를 Attraction(매혹)으로, 죽음에 관한 욕구(Thanatos)를 Uncanny(두려운 낯설음)으로 칭하며 상반된 개념을 토착신앙인 Animism과 연결하여 설명하였다. 다음으로 게슈탈트 심리학자인 카를 던커(Karl Duncker, 1903-1940)가 말한 ‘기능적 고정성(Functional fixedness)’이란 용어와 관련지어 오브제 애니메이션의 교육적 측면인 ‘창의성’에 관하여 논하였다. 기능적 고정성 극복이란 사물이 가진 기능적인 측면에만 고착되어 발상의 전환을 하지 못하는 현상이다. 본 연구에서는 ‘오브제 애니메이션’ 문화예술교육을 통해 기능적 고정성을 극복한 사례로 창의성 향상의 교육적 측면을 논하였다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 오브제 애니메이션의 미학적 정서와 창의성 향상의 교육적 측면을 ‘오브제 유형 분석’을 통해 고찰하는 것이다 . 나아가 ‘오브제 애니메이션’을 문화예술교육에서 활용할 때 방향성을 제시하는 것에 의의가 있다.

선전화의 역설 - 탈북작가 선무의 작품 분석-

이소현 한국기초조형학회 2024 기초조형학연구 Vol.25 No.6

본 연구는 예술의 사회적 기능에 대해 탐구하며, 특히 한반도의 분단 현실을 탈북미술가들의 작품을 통해 조명하고자 한다. 북한 내에서 선전미술가로 활동한 경험과 국내 정착 후의 전문 미술 교육을 바탕으로, 선무, 송벽, 오성철 등 탈북미술가들은 작품에 선전화의 양식과 도상을 반영하면서도 북한 체제의 모순을 비판한다. 이들의 작품은 북한 인권 유린 문제를 국제사회에 고발하여 국제적 관심을 이끌어내고, 예술의 사회적 실천의 일환으로 평가된다. 이러한 작품의 제작 의도와 내적 의미는 예술의 사회적 실천의 일환에서 이해될 수 있으며, 이는 1980년대 민중미술 이후 예술의 사회적 기능을 본격적으로 탐구한 새로운 사례로 평가된다. 더욱이 1994년 국립현대미술관에서의 전시를 계기로 민중미술이 미술계 주류로 편입되었다는 점을 고려할 때, 동시대의 ‘분단’, ‘이데올로기’, ‘인권’ 등의 사회적 메시지를 담은 탈북미술가들의 작품은 새롭게 조명될 가치가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 탈북미술가들의 작품을 동시대 미술의 사회적 실천을 꾀한 시도로 분석한다. 특히, 국내 최초의 탈북미술가이자 국제무대에서 활약하고 있는 선무의 작품을 중심으로 고찰한다. 선무의 작품은 선전화 양식을 차용하면서도 그 도상의 의미를 전복하거나 팝아트적 요소를 결합해 북한 체제를 풍자한다. 예를 들어, 망치와 낫, 오각별과 같은 북한 선전 도상을 변형해 북한 사회주의 체제의 모순을 비판한다. 동시에, 작품에서 철조망과 꽃을 결합하거나 행복동이를 통해 분단의 현실과 체제 비판을 상징적으로 표현한다. 이러한 작품은 중국의 정치팝 아티스트 왕광이의 작품과도 비교되며, 동시대 미술의 정치적 팝아트로 논의된다. 또한, 탈북미술가들의 작품은 민중미술 이후 소실되던 미술의 사회적 기능을 재조명하며, 한반도 분단과 이념 갈등을 시각화하는 중요한 시도로 평가된다. 본 연구는 이러한 탈북미술가들의 활동이 한국 현대미술의 새로운 가능성을 열며, 국제사회에 전달하는 메시지를 탐구한다는 점에서 의의가 있다. This study examines the social function of art, focusing on the divided reality of the Korean Peninsula as reflected in the works of North Korean defector artists. Artists such as Sunmu, Song Byeok, and Oh Seong-cheol incorporate elements and motifs of propaganda art into their works, critically exposing the contradictions of the North Korean regime. Their artworks draw attention to human rights violations in North Korea, garnering international recognition and serving as significant examples of art as a form of social practice. The intent and intrinsic meaning of these works can be understood within the framework of art’s social practice. Contemporary works by defector artists, addressing critical social issues such as division, ideology, and human rights, warrant renewed attention and analysis. In this context, this study explores the works of North Korean defector artists as endeavors in contemporary art engaging with social practice. It focuses particularly on Sunmu, the first North Korean defector artist in South Korea and a prominent figure in the international art scene. Sunmu employs the stylistic framework of propaganda art but subverts its inherent meanings or integrates pop art elements to satirize the North Korean regime. For instance, he reinterprets North Korean propaganda motifs, such as the hammer, sickle, and five-pointed star, to critique the contradictions of North Korea’s socialist system. At the same time, his works symbolically address division and critique the regime through the juxtaposition of motifs like barbed wire and flowers or by reimagining characters such as the "Happy Child" in subversive contexts. These works are also analyzed in comparison to those of Chinese political pop artist Wang Guangyi, situating Sunmu’s art as a significant example of political pop art in contemporary discourse. Furthermore, the works of North Korean defector artists are evaluated as critical interventions that recontextualize the social function of art by addressing the realities of division and ideological conflict on the Korean Peninsula. This study highlights the importance of these artists’ activities, as they open new possibilities for Korean contemporary art and explore the messages their works convey to the international community.