직교 그리드 센서가 삽입된 인솔을 이용한 족압분포 연구

손정협 ( Jeong-Hyeop Son ),정인준 ( In-jun Jung ),장승환 ( Seung-hwan Chang ) 한국복합재료학회 2021 Composites research Vol.34 No.3

본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자들의 균일한 족압 분포를 유도하여 발의 상처를 예방하는 신발을 개발하기 위한 연구방법을 제시하였다. 직교 그리드 센서를 사용하여 일반인의 직립 상태 시 족압 분포를 확인하고, 다양한 조건에 대한 족압분포의 변화를 비교하였다. 신발 바닥부에 삽입된 스프링의 스프링 상수와 인솔의 아치부 유무 등에 따른 족압 분포의 변화를 파악하여 효과적인 족압 분산 조건을 확인하였다. 인체거동의 임의성 등에 의한 실험 오차를 최소화 하기 위해, 직립 상태를 모사한 유한요소해석을 통해 특정 조건에서의 족압 분포를 예측하고 실험 결과와 비교하여 실험의 정확성을 확보할 수 있도록 하였다. 스프링의 개수와 배치에 따른 족압 분포의 변화를 유한요소해석을 통해 확인하여 보다 균일한 족압을 구현할 수 있는 조건을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과는 당뇨발을 가진 환자를 위한 신발 설계에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In this study, we present a research method to develop a shoe that prevents foot injury by inducing the foot pressure. An orthogonal grid sensor was used to check the foot pressure in the upright standing position, and the change in the foot pressure distribution for various conditions was compared. We checked the conditions for distributing foot pressure efficiently by changing the spring constant of the spring inserted into the sole of the shoe and the foot pressure generated with or without the arch of the insole. In order to minimize the experimental error from the randomness of the human body's behavior, it is possible to predict through foot pressure under certain conditions through finite element analysis that simulates the pressure distribution. By checking the change of foot pressure according to the number and arrangement of springs through finite element analysis, conditions were established to provide more efficient foot pressure. The result can be used for designing footwear for patients with diabetic feet.

Development of Plantar Pressure Distribution Measurement Shoe Insole with Built-in Printed Curved Sensor Structure

Seung Yoon Jung,Chaima Fekiri,Ho-Chan Kim,In Hwan Lee 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.5

Foot plantar pressure measurement is one of the most promising approaches for diagnosing foot problems at an early stage for injury prevention and general wellbeing. Information can be derived from the pressure created between the human foot and the support surface in contact with it. This data can be used in gait and posture monitoring for research applications in medical fields, sports, and footwear design. Therefore, it is important to develop an accurate and reliable foot plantar pressure measurement system. This paper presents the development of a plantar pressure measurement insole with embedded printed flexible piezoresistive sensors. The sensing elements of the insole were made from the dispensing of a carbon-based composite with curvilinear shapes. The insole was proved to be suitable for measuring the high-pressure distribution of the different areas of a subject’s foot. Tests to compare the effect of the length of the printed sensors on their performance were carried out. Based on the found results, customizable flexible insoles can be fabricated following the pressure of different regions under the foot.

Study of Knee Brace Locking Timing and Walking Pattern Detected from an FSR and Knee Joint Angle

Sang-Chan Moon,Chae-Hyeuk Lee,Soon-Geul Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Many factors affect biomechanics of lower limbs during walking, including the gate state and the according pressure distribution of feet. However, such relationship between the pressure distribution and the gate status has not been taken into account in detail to analyze lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during walking. In this study, a sensor system with force sensing resistors (FSR) was developed to measure plantar pressure of feet and impulse acting on each joint to do characteristic analysis of plantar pressure of feet and lower-limb kinematics. Comparing to force plates and a motion capture system, the FSR sensing system can give the detail trace of the ground reaction and the pressure distribution of feet. The system is designed to be used for online monitoring and control of a lower-limb biomechanical device like a knee brace. Several target points of plantar are decided as characteristic ones with pilot tests. Then pattern matching between the pressure distribution and the lower-limb kinematics is investigated. Also, plantar pressure patterns are compared knee joint angle for analyzing precious walking patterns. In the paper, to reduce impact value during walking suggests knee brace locking timing detection through the FSR sensing and knee joint angle.

Preliminary study on verifying the detection of gait intention based on knee joint anterior displacement of gait slopes.

Yu, Changho,Kang, Seung Rok,Yang, Giltae,Hong, Chul Un,Lee, Hyung Jong,Oh, Do Young,Kwon, Tae Kyu Pergamon Press 2015 Bio-medical materials and engineering Vol.26 No.1

<P>This study investigated the feasibility of the Infrared (IR) sensor-based walking aids for detecting the gait intention. To compensate for the defects of Force Sensing Resistors (FSRs) or force sensors, such as the velocity control problem on gait slopes, we used IR sensors to investigate knee joint anterior displacement in order to recognize the gait intention. We also measure leg muscle activities and foot pressure, in order to verify our investigation. We placed two IR sensors on the rollator center to sense left and right leg walking intentions. We took EMG signals of four leg muscles, and analyzed them. Foot pressure analysis parameters were the measured force and mean pressure. We conducted experiments on twenty young healthy adults. The results show that knee joint anterior displacement increases according to gait slope and velocity. We confirm similar results of knee joint anterior displacement through the IR sensors.</P>

가우시안 프로세스 회귀를 이용한 족저압 중심 궤적 추정

최유나,이대훈,최영진 한국로봇학회 2022 로봇학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.3

This paper proposes a center of plantar foot pressure (CoP) trajectory estimation method based on Gaussian process regression, with the aim to show robust results regardless of the regions and numbers of FSRs of the insole sensor. This method can bring an interpolation between the measurement points inside the wearable insole sensor, and two experiments are conducted for performance evaluation. For this purpose, the input data used in the experiment are generated in three types (13 FSRs, 8 FSRs, 5 FSRs) according to the regions and numbers of FSRs. First, the estimation results of the CoP trajectory are compared using Gaussian process regression and weighted mean. As a result of each method, the estimation results of the two methods were similar in the case of 13 FSRs data. On the other hand, in the case of the 8 and 5 FSRs data, the weighted mean varies depending on the regions and numbers of FSRs, but the estimation results of Gaussian process regression showed similar results in spite of reducing the regions and numbers. Second, the estimation results of the CoP trajectory based on Gaussian process regression during several gait cycles are analyzed. In five gait cycles, the previous cycle and the current estimation results are compared, and it was confirmed that similar trajectories appeared in all. In this way, the method of estimating the CoP trajectory based on Gaussian process regression showed robust results, and stability was confirmed by yielding similar results in several gait cycles.

The Optimization of the Number and Positions of Foot Pressure Sensors to Develop Smart Shoes

Sihyun Yoo,Hojong Gil,Jongbin Kim,Jiseon Ryu,Sukhoon Yoon,Sang Kyoon Park 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this study was to optimize the number and positions of foot pressure sensors using the reliability analysis of the center of pressure (COP) in smart shoes. Background: Foot pressure can be different according to foot region, and it is important which region of the foot pressure needs to be measured. Method: Thirty adults (age: 20.5±1.8 years, body weight: 71.4±6.5kg, height: 1.76±0.04m) participated in this study. The foot pressure data were collected using the insole of Pedar-X system (Novel GmbH, USA) with a sampling frequency of 100Hz during 1.3m/s speed walking on the treadmill (Instrumented treadmill, Bertec, USA). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated between the COP positions using 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 99 sensors, while one-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed between the standard deviation (SD) of the COP positions. Results: The medio-lateral (M/L) COP position using 99 sensors was positively correlated with the M/L COP positions using 6, 7, and 8 sensors; however, it was not correlated with the M/L COP positions using 4 and 5 sensors during landing phase (1~4%) (p <.05). The antero-posterior (A/P) COP position using 99 sensors was positively correlated with the A/P COP positions using 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 sensors (p <.05). The SD of the COP position using 99 sensors was smaller than the SD of the M/L COP positions using 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 sensors (p <.05). Conclusion: Based on our findings, it is desirable to arrange at least 6 sensors in smart shoes. Application: The study of optimizing the number and positions of foot pressure sensors would contribute to developing more effective smart shoes using foot pressure technology.

Gait / Foot Pressure Measurement Techniques - Development of Low-Cost Measurement Method

( D. Mounika ),( N. Arun ),( Seung Nam Min ),( Murali Subramaniyam ) 한국감성과학회 2021 추계학술대회 Vol.2021 No.0

Purpose: The geometrical balance or equilibrium of the human body’s musculoskeletal system are represented by foot pressure distribution. Improper Foot Pressure Distribution leads to multiple disorders like lower back pain, leg pain, and mild pronation, which further impacts body balance. The objective of the proposed work is two-fold (i) To understand the techniques available for measuring foot interface pressure and (ii) To develop a low cost and portable measuring technique in both static and dynamic conditions for specific applications. Methods: Multiple literatures from various databases with combination of keywords like foot pressure distribution, force sensor, wearable insole, force plate and gait pattern from past ten years are examined. Results: The literature was reviewed and a comparative study has been conducted to produce the pros and cons of each measuring technique. Also, the correlation between foot pressure distribution and key factors like gender, age, height and weight were analyzed to understand the body balance and gait pattern. To propose a low cost and portable foot pressure measuring technique. Conclusion: Validate the proposed techniques with available standard method. Effects of improper foot pressure distribution are examined and the techniques to measure improper foot pressure distribution are compared.

Gait / Foot Pressure Measurement Techniques - Development of Low-Cost Measurement Method

( D. Mounika ),( N. Arun ),( Seung Nam Min ),( Murali Subramaniyam ) 한국감성과학회 2021 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2021 No.-

Purpose: The geometrical balance or equilibrium of the human body’s musculoskeletal system are represented by foot pressure distribution. Improper Foot Pressure Distribution leads to multiple disorders like lower back pain, leg pain, and mild pronation, which further impacts body balance. The objective of the proposed work is two-fold (i) To understand the techniques available for measuring foot interface pressure and (ii) To develop a low cost and portable measuring technique in both static and dynamic conditions for specific applications. Methods: Multiple literatures from various databases with combination of keywords like foot pressure distribution, force sensor, wearable insole, force plate and gait pattern from past ten years are examined. Results: The literature was reviewed and a comparative study has been conducted to produce the pros and cons of each measuring technique. Also, the correlation between foot pressure distribution and key factors like gender, age, height and weight were analyzed to understand the body balance and gait pattern. To propose a low cost and portable foot pressure measuring technique. Conclusion: Validate the proposed techniques with available standard method. Effects of improper foot pressure distribution are examined and the techniques to measure improper foot pressure distribution are compared.

낮은 감지 압력신호 값을 가지는 실리콘 족적 센서에 대한 3차원 유한요소 해석 모델 선정 및 검증

성벽경(Seong Byuck Kyung),서형규(Seo Hyung Kyu),김동환(Kim Dong Hwan) 대한기계학회 2014 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.38 No.11

본 논문은 감도가 낮고 정밀한 족적센서의 특성에 대하여 연구한 논문이다. 이를 위하여 센서의 형상 변수 조절 범위를 낮게 선정하였다. 센서의 감도 해석으로 2차원 해석 모델을 사용할 경우 실험값과 비교한 결과 오차가 많이 나는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 오차를 개선하기 위하여 3D 기반의 새로운 해석 모델을 적용시켜 재해석 하였고, 이를 실험값과 비교한 결과 오차가 개선되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. In this work, an appropriate analysis model of a precise foot sensor with low detection pressure capability under a low range of variation in the dimensional variables was proposed . With a simple two-dimensional model, it was found that a remarkably high error level sometimes occurred between the analysis and experimental results. In order to overcome the error and improve the performance, a three-dimensional model was introduced, and the detection pressure and sensor characteristics were compared with those of the experimental results, which showed its enhanced performance with less error and higher precision.

탄소나노튜브가 코팅된 다공성 탄성중합체 기반의 유연 압력센서를 이용한 발바닥 압력 분포 측정 패드 디자인

김승환(S. H. Kim),박인규(I. Park),권동욱(D. U. Kwon),김민성(M. Kim) 한국정밀공학회 2016 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10월