A study on Mercury of Component from Compact Fluorescent Lamp

Seung-Whee Rhee,Hun-Su Park,Min-Suk Lee,Jae-Kyung Kim,Hoe-Kyung Jung 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.2

Compact fluorescent lamps are strongly encouraged to manage separately in Korea because Compact fluorescent lamps contain mercury. Compact fluorescent lamps have managed as household waste in Korea, however, even though Compact fluorescent lamps contains hazardous material such as mercury. The aim of management of Compact fluorescent lamps separately is to reduce the release of mercury from Compact fluorescent lamp lamps into the environment and to reuse of the glass, metals and other components of Compact fluorescent lamps. The amount of mercury in a fluorescent lamps varies, depending on the type of lamp and manufacturer, but typically ranges between 5 milligrams and 30 milligrams. The mercury content of fluorescent lamps has been reported to be between 0.72 and 115 mg/lamp with an average mercury content of about 30 mg/lamp in 1994. Although manufacturers have greatly reduced the amount of mercury used in fluorescent lamps over the past 20years, mercury is an essential component to fluorescent lamps and can’t be eliminated completely in lamps. In the crushing process, CFL(compact fluorescent lamp) is separated into glass, plastic, ballast, phosphor powder and vapor. Using the crushing technique, concentration of mercury vapor emission from CFL is evaluated. Through the experiments, the efficiency of the crushing and separation for the unit is estimated by measuring the volume of CFL. In this study, the concentration of mercury is analyzed by MVI(Mercury Vapor Indicator) method for vapor in CFL. From the results of mercury distribution for 3 companies, the concentration of mercury in compact fluorescent lamp is less than that in the other type lamps. And phosphor powder has greater than 99% of total mercury amount in CFL and the mercury concentration in phosphor powder is measured between 1,008ppm and 1,349ppm. The mercury concentration in phosphor powder can be changed by the type of company and period of usage. KET and TCLP are carried out for phosphor powder, glass, plastic, ballast and base cap to estimate the hazardous characteristic. From the results of KET and TCLP test for CFL, phosphor powder from CFL should be controlled separately by stabilization or other methods to reuse as a renewable material because the phosphor powder is determined as a hazardous waste. From the results of characteristics of CFL, the carbonization system of CFL should be carried out in the temperature of less than 350℃. The amount of mercury in a fluorescent lamps varies, depending on the type of lamp and manufacturer, but typically ranges between 5 milligrams and 30 milligrams. The mercury content of Compact fluorescent lamps has been reported to be between 0.72 and 115 mg/lamp with an average mercury content of about 30 mg/lamp in 1994. Although manufacturers have greatly reduced the amount of mercury used in fluorescent lamps over the past 20years, mercury is an essential component to fluorescent lamps and can’t be eliminated completely in lamps. In Korea, demonstration for recycling of U type lamps had once begun in the area of Seoul Metropolitan, 2000. In 2004, U type lamps was included as an item in EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) system. According to Korea Lighting Recycling Association, approximately 38 million Compact fluorescent lamps were recycled in Korea, 2011 because 3 recycling facilities for Compact fluorescent lamps are operated in Korea. Recycling rate of Compact fluorescent lamps in Korea is about 31.0% but about 70% of Compact fluorescent lamps may not manage properly. Hence, discarded lamps release approximately 2 to 3 tons of mercury per year into the environment[6]. In USA, Compact fluorescent lamps has controlled by Universal Waste Rule and merchandises containing mercury prohibited to produce. Also, MEBA(Mercury Export Ban Act) is activated in USA from 2013. According to Association of Lighting and Mercury Recycler, member companies accomplish about 85% of the lamp recycling done each year. In Germany, best available technology (BAT) system for recycling of Compact fluorescent lamps is established and about 20 companies are involved in recycling of Compact fluorescent lamps. In 1994, approximately 70-80% of total Compact fluorescent lamps are recycled in 1994 and Compact fluorescent lamps was included as an item in EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) system in 1996. In Sweden, MRT System, which was developed by Lumalampan, separated mercury from Compact fluorescent lamps by distillation operation, 1979. Reverse route collection system is active to improve the collection of Compact fluorescent lamps. Compact fluorescent lamps was included as an item in EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) system in 2001. In Austria, about 40 companies are involved in recycling of Compact fluorescent lamps to recycle glass and ferrous metals. And wastes containing mercury are treated in landfill site by using special container [7,8]. In this study, Compact fluorescent lamps is cut by a end-cutting unit with a cam crusher and base-cap is separated from glass part. In the end-cutting unit, a vacuum system is operating to collect mercury vapor to prevent leaking from the end-cutting unit. First of all, characteristics and major composition of Compact fluorescent lamps are estimated. Through the experiments, it is measured mercury concentration in the parts of Compact fluorescent lamps such as glass tube, phosphor powder, and base cap after separation in the end-cutting unit. Also, it is evaluated mercury emission from Compact fluorescent lamps by measuring the concentration of effluent gas in the end-cutting unit with changing flow rate. Finally, Korea Extraction Method (KET) and TCLP(Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) test are applied to phosphor powder to verify that phosphor powder is a hazardous waste [9].

IS-12 : A study on Mercury of Component from Compact Fluorescent Lamp

( Seung Whee Rhee ),( Hun Su Park ),( Min Suk Lee ),( Jae Kyung Kim ),( Hoe Kyung Jung ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2013 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-

Compact fluorescent lamps are strongly encouraged to manage separately in Korea because Compact fluorescent lamps contain mercury. Compact fluorescent lamps have managed as household waste in Korea, however, even though Compact fluorescent lamps contains hazardous material such as mercury. The aim of management of Compact fluorescent lamps separately is to reduce the release of mercury from Compact fluorescent lamp lamps into the environment and to reuse of the glass, metals and other components of Compact fluorescent lamps. The amount of mercury in a fluorescent lamps varies, depending on the type of lamp and manufacturer, but typically ranges between 5 milligrams and 30 milligrams. The mercury content of fluorescent lamps has been reported to be between 0.72 and 115 mg/lamp with an average mercury content of about 30 mg/lamp in 1994. Although manufacturers have greatly reduced the amount of mercury used in fluorescent lamps over the past 20years, mercury is an essential component to fluorescent lamps and can`t be eliminated completely in lamps. In the crushing process, CFL(compact fluorescent lamp) is separated into glass, plastic, ballast, phosphor powder and vapor. Using the crushing technique, concentration of mercury vapor emission from CFL is evaluated. Through the experiments, the efficiency of the crushing and separation for the unit is estimated by measuring the volume of CFL. In this study, the concentration of mercury is analyzed by MVI(Mercury Vapor Indicator) method for vapor in CFL. From the results of mercury distribution for 3 companies, the concentration of mercury in compact fluorescent lamp is less than that in the other type lamps. And phosphor powder has greater than 99% of total mercury amount in CFL and the mercury concentration in phosphor powder is measured between 1,008ppm and 1,349ppm. The mercury concentration in phosphor powder can be changed by the type of company and period of usage. KET and TCLP are carried out for phosphor powder, glass, plastic, ballast and base cap to estimate the hazardous characteristic. From the results of KET and TCLP test for CFL, phosphor powder from CFL should be controlled separately by stabilization or other methods to reuse as a renewable material because the phosphor powder is determined as a hazardous waste. From the results of characteristics of CFL, the carbonization system of CFL should be carried out in the temperature of less than 350℃. The amount of mercury in a fluorescent lamps varies, depending on the type of lamp and manufacturer, but typically ranges between 5 milligrams and 30 milligrams. The mercury content of Compact fluorescent lamps has been reported to be between 0.72 and 115 mg/lamp with an average mercury content of about 30 mg/lamp in 1994. Although manufacturers have greatly reduced the amount of mercury used in fluorescent lamps over the past 20years, mercury is an essential component to fluorescent lamps and can`t be eliminated completely in lamps. In Korea, demonstration for recycling of U type lamps had once begun in the area of Seoul Metropolitan, 2000. In 2004, U type lamps was included as an item in EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) system. According to Korea Lighting Recycling Association, approximately 38 million Compact fluorescent lamps were recycled in Korea, 2011 because 3 recycling facilities for Compact fluorescent lamps are operated in Korea. Recycling rate of Compact fluorescent lamps in Korea is about 31.0% but about 70% of Compact fluorescent lamps may not manage properly. Hence, discarded lamps release approximately 2 to 3 tons of mercury per year into the environment[6]. In USA, Compact fluorescent lamps has controlled by Universal Waste Rule and merchandises containing mercury prohibited to produce. Also, MEBA(Mercury Export Ban Act) is activated in USA from 2013. According to Association of Lighting and Mercury Recycler, member companies accomplish about 85% of the lamp recycling done each year. In Germany, best available technology (BAT) system for recycling of Compact fluorescent lamps is established and about 20 companies are involved in recycling of Compact fluorescent lamps. In 1994, approximately 70-80% of total Compact fluorescent lamps are recycled in 1994 and Compact fluorescent lamps was included as an item in EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) system in 1996. In Sweden, MRT System, which was developed by Lumalampan, separated mercury from Compact fluorescent lamps by distillation operation, 1979. Reverse route collection system is active to improve the collection of Compact fluorescent lamps. Compact fluorescent lamps was included as an item in EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility) system in 2001. In Austria, about 40 companies are involved in recycling of Compact fluorescent lamps to recycle glass and ferrous metals. And wastes containing mercury are treated in landfill site by using special container [7,8]. In this study, Compact fluorescent lamps is cut by a end-cutting unit with a cam crusher and base-cap is separated from glass part. In the end-cutting unit, a vacuum system is operating to collect mercury vapor to prevent leaking from the end-cutting unit. First of all, characteristics and major composition of Compact fluorescent lamps are estimated. Through the experiments, it is measured mercury concentration in the parts of Compact fluorescent lamps such as glass tube, phosphor powder, and base cap after separation in the end-cutting unit. Also, it is evaluated mercury emission from Compact fluorescent lamps by measuring the concentration of effluent gas in the end-cutting unit with changing flow rate. Finally, Korea Extraction Method (KET) and TCLP(Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) test are applied to phosphor powder to verify that phosphor powder is a hazardous waste [9].

형광램프대체용 LED FDL 개발

양병문(Byong-Moon Yang),장우진(Woojin Jang),차재상(Jae-Sang Cha) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2015 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.29 No.1

Due to the declining LED price and environment-friendly energy policies, CO2 emission reduction and energy-saving, the LED lighting industry is accelerating rapidly. In particular, the needs for LED lamp, replacing the existing fluorescent lamp without exchange luminaire or driver circuits, are also rapidly increasing. Therefore, replacement for T8 fluorescent lamp, LED T8 lamp was developed and standardized. However, except LED T8 lamps, other lamps’ regulations or standards were not enacted. Also, the stability of fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp is low due to the difference in electrical characteristics and mismatch between the existing fluorescent lamp ballast and LED lamp. Therefore, many are struggling while developing fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp. In this paper describes the properties of existing fluorescent lamp ballasts and the considerations while developing fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp : demonstrating its validity by experiments the developed fluorescent lamp substitutable LED lamp prototype.

Recovery and Dynamic Flow Analysis of Mercury from Waste Fluorescent Lamps in Korea

( Hyunhee Kim ),( Yong-chul Jang ),( Jinhee Jeong ),( Yuree Kwon ),( Yeji Jang ),( Gain Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

End-of-life fluorescent lamps containing with a toxic metal of mercury are collected from municipal waste streams. There are still huge amounts of the lamps in use from households, commercial areas, and industrial sectors, although demands for the lamps have been gradually decreasing with recent replacement with light emitting diode (LED) lamps. According to the "The Second Energy Fundamental Plan in Korea" published by the Korea Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in 2014, existing public fluorescent lamps will be entirely replaced with 100% LED lighting after 2020. Thus, enormous amounts of end-of-life fluorescent lamps will end up with disposal. It is important to properly manage and recycle the lamps due to the presence of mercury. In this study, dynamic flow analysis was conducted to estimate the flow of materials that are recycled or discarded through the use phase over time by considering the life span of the lamp product. Mass flow of mercury in the lamps was also examined by quantifying flow and stocks of the substance in a well-defined system based on mass balance approach. Dynamic flow analysis is used to quantify past material flows, establish the material flow patterns and apply the lifetime of the lamps, and the replacement rate in order to track the temporal changes in the material flows. Based on the results, the amount of end-of-life fluorescent lamps generated was estimated to be about 100 million in 2008, and is expected to gradually increase to 140 million in 2014 and then decrease to about 100 million in 2019. Mercury from the lamps has steadily declined from 2.19 ton-Hg in 2008. In 2030, the expected emission of fluorescent lamps was estimated at about 10 million, and mercury was estimated at only 22 kg- Hg. The flow of mercury in fluorescent lamps was expected to continually decrease by 2030 due to the increased LED replacement. It implies that the amount of mercury emissions to the environment is expected to sharply decline in the future.

LED램프와 형광램프의 불쾌글레어 비교평가 연구

이진숙(Lee Jin-Sook),김원도(Kim Won-Do),한원탁(Han Won-Tak) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.12

The purposes of this study are to conduct comparison and analysis of discomfort glare of LED lamp that replace fluorescent lamp, to examine influence of diffuse plate on discomfort glare, and to secure data after comparing and analyzing influence of color temperature of lighting on discomfort glare. With these purposes, this study was conducted in four steps. 1) A full-size mock-up was built to install fluorescent lamp and replace it with LED lamp and various diffuse plates. 2) Physical features were measured based on different experimental variables, and discomfort glare of fluorescent and LED lamps were compared and analyzed. 3) Difference of discomfort glare due to transmittance of diffuse plate attached to the lower part of a luminaire was compared and analyzed both for fluorescent and LED. 4) An experiment to examine discomfort glare based on different color temperature of fluorescent and LED lamps was conducted and the result data was compared and analyzed. The result of the experiments showed that LED lamps had a worse discomfort glare than fluorescent lamp under the same luminance, and difference between the two light sources became large as luminance got higher. When the transmittance of diffuse plate was 58%, discomfort glare of fluorescent and LED lamps changed in the same way. When the transmittance of diffuse plate was 71%, discomfort glare of LED lamps increased more than fluorescent lamp according to increase in luminance. When the transmittance of diffuse plate was 83%, discomfort glare of fluorescent lightings became higher under the lower luminance and that of LED lamp became higher under the higher luminance. When diffuse plate was not installed, discomfort glare of LED lsmps was higher in general under the same luminance. When color temperature was less than 5000K, discomfort glare of LED lamps was higher than fluorescent lamp under the same luminance and color temperature. When color temperature was more than 6000K, discomfort glare of fluorescent lightings was higher than LED lamps.

How to recycle end-of-life fluorescent lamps and determine their mercury dynamic flow?

( Yong-chul Jang ),( Byeonghwan Kim ),( Youngsun Kwon ),( Hakyun Song ),( Kyunghoon Choi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

Mercury, a highly and volatile toxic chemical, is commonly used for fluorescent lamps for general lighting purpose. It has become a chemical of critical concern in international community as United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) adopted Minamata Convention on Mercury as an international treaty, which has been effective since August 2017. It is important to determine the quantitative flow of mercury from end-of-life mercury-containing fluorescent lamps for recycling and treatment. In this study, substance flow analysis (SFA) and inventory of mercury were performed on the lamps in South Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that approximately more than 70 million of mercury lamps from households and industrial sources were collected and recycled in 2020. About 780 kg of mercury was generated from fluorescent lamps, while 80% of mercury was recovered from the recycling processes. Based on the results of dynamic material flow analysis, it is expected to gradually decrease from 140 million of new lamps in 2014 to less than 50 millions in 2025. In 2030, the expected generation rate of end-of-life fluorescent lamps was estimated to be approximately 10 million, which is equivalent to be 10 kg-Hg with an assumption of 10 mg mercury per lamp. Although proper collection and treatment of waste lamps is becoming a growing concern due to the potential of mercury release to the environment, it clearly indicates that mercury in the lamps dramatically decreases over time with the replacement of florescent lamps with LED and future strengthened regulations on fluorescent lamps under the Minamata Convention.

환형 무전극 형광램프의 전자계 시뮬레이션, 전기적 및 광학적 특성

최용성,조주웅,이영환,김광수,박대희 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.17 No.5

In recent, there have been several developments in lamp technology that promise savings in electrical power consumption and improved quality of the lighting space. Above all, the advantage of ring-shaped electrodeless fluorescent lamp is the removal of internal electrodes and heating filaments that are a light-limiting factor of conventional fluorescent lamps. The ring-shaped electrodeless lamp is intended as a high efficiency replacement for the incandescent reflector lamp in many applications. Therefore, the life time of ring-shaped electrodeless fluorescent lamps is substantially higher than that of conventional fluorescent lamps and last up to 60,000 hours. In this paper, maxwell 3D finite element analysis program(Ansoft) was used to obtain electromagnetic properties associated with the coil and nearby structures. The electromagnetic emitting properties were presented by 3D simulation software operated at 250 KHz and some specific conditions. The optical characteristics were measured luminance and a temperature and an optical spectrum distribution for 10 min in a one minute interval at the same time. With a goal of finding alternative materials, we show measurement results of electrical characteristics of a ring-shaped electrodeless fluorescent lamp as a function of frequency and the number of coil turns using a highly permeable($\mu$$_{r}$(equation omitted) 2,000) Mn-Zn ferrite. These results are compared with those of conventional ring-shaped electrodeless fluorescent lamp. It is found that the resistance, inductance and impedance are increased while the quality factor decreases as frequency increases.s.

Recycling and Current Management Practices of Mercury-containing Fluorescent Lamps in Korea

( Yong-chul Jang ),( Yeonjung Hwang ),( Youngjae Ko ),( Jonghyun Choi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

Revolutionary change in the lighting technology ranges from incandescent to fluorescent, compact fluorescent and to LED, has lead to the quick replacement of lamps in the market. Therefore, it is important to understand the market, generation and end-of-life management system of spent lamps. Currently, fluorescent lamps are commonly used and therefore, this study focuses on understanding the management of spent fluorescent lamps (SFLs), especially due to the presence of mercury. Management of SFLs is gaining concerns all around the globe because mercury is considered hazardous and improper disposal of such waste may result in human health problems and the environmental impacts. In Korea, spent fluorescent lamps have been included in the extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy in 2004 for effective recovery and recycling of the waste from consumers and reduction of its impact on the environment. This study presents the recycling and management practices of SFLs, especially focusing on material flow and physical and financial responsibility of SFLs in Korea.

환형 무전극 램프의 광학적, 전자계적 해석

조주웅,최용성,김용갑,박대희 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

In recent, there have been several developments in lamp technology that promise savings in electrical power consumption and improved quality of the lighting space. Above all, the advantage of ring-shaped electrodeless fluorescent lamp is the removal of internal electrodes and heating filaments that are a light-limiting factor of conventional fluorescent lamps. Therefore, the life time of ring-shaped electrodeless fluorescent lamps is substantially higher than that of conventional fluorescent lamps and last up to 60,000 hours and is intended as a high efficacy replacement for the incandescent reflector lamp in many applications. In this paper, maxwell 3D finite element analysis program (Ansoft) was used to obtain electromagnetic properties associated with the coil and nearby structures. The electromagnetic emitting properties were presented by D simulation software operated at 250KHz and some specific conditions. Photometric characteristic of the ring-shaped electrodeless fluorescent lamp were investigated using LS-100 lightmeter and TA-0510 thermometer respectively.

방전램프의 광질에 따른 상추의 생장 및 파이토케미컬 분석

이재수,남상운,김용현 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2013 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study was performed to analyze the effect of light quality of discharge lamp on growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Jeokchima) grown under metal halide (MH) lamp, high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp, and xenon (XE) lamp in a plant factory. Cool-white fluorescent (FL) lamp was used as the control. Photoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) in a plant factory were 16/8 h (day/night), 22/18oC, 70%, 400 μmol · mol−1, and 200 μmol · m−2 · s−1, respectively. MH lamp had the greatest fraction of blue light (400-500 nm) of 23.0%. However, HPS lamp had the lowest fraction of 4.7% for blue light and the greatest fraction of 38.0% for red light (600-700 nm). At 11 and 21 days after transplanting,leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of lettuce as affected by the light quality of the discharge lamp were significantly different. The leaf area of lettuce grown under HPS, MH, and XE lamp increased by 45.7%, 16.3%, and 9.5%, respectively, as compared to the control. These results were similar for shoot fresh weight. Growth characteristics of lettuce grown under HPS lamp increased since HPS lamp had more fraction of red light. However, growth of lettuce grown under MH and XE lamp decreased since they had more fraction of blue light. As compared to the control, the ascorbic acid in lettuce leaves grown under discharge lamp decreased. The greatest anthocyanins accumulation of 0.70 mg/100 g was found at MH treatment. Anthocyanins content in lettuce leaves grown under XL and HPS lamp were 79.3% and 8.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce were highly affected by the different spectral distribution of the discharge lamp. These results indicate that the combination of discharge lamp or LED lamp for enhancing the light quality of discharge lamps is required to increase the growth and phytochemicals accumulation of lettuce in controlled environment such as plant factory. 본 연구는 식물공장용으로 방전램프로서 메탈할라이드램프(MH), 고압나트륨램프(HPS), 제논램프(XE)를 사용하고, 냉백색형광등(FL)을 대조구로 사용한 가운데 상추(Lactuca sativa L. cv. Jeokchima)의 생육 및 파이토케미컬의 특성을 분석하고자 수행되었다. 식물공장 내부의 환경조건은 광주기 16/8h, 광합성유효광양자속(photosynthetic photon flux, PPF) 200μmol · m−2 · s−1, 기온 22/18oC, 습도 70%, CO2 농도 400μmol · mol−1로 조절하였다. 각램프의 분광 특성을 이용하여 PPF에 대한 청색광 영역(400~500nm), 녹색광 영역(500~600nm), 적색광 영역(600~700nm)의 비율을 계산하였다. MH램프의 청색광영역은 23.0%로서 다른 처리구에 비해서 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편 HPS램프의 청색광 영역은 4.7%로서 가장낮게 나타났으나, 적색광 영역은 38.0%로서 다른 처리구에 비해서 높게 나타났다. 정식 후 11일째와 21일째에측정된 상추의 엽장, 엽폭, 엽면적, 지상부 생체중 및 건물중은 방전램프의 광질에 따른 유의차가 나타날 정도로다르게 나타났다. HPS 처리구의 엽면적은 143,486mm2로서 대조구의 98,474mm2에 비해서 45.7% 크게 나타났으며, MH와 XE 처리구는 대조구에 비해서 각각 16.3%,9.5%로 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 지상부 생체중에서도 유사하게 나타났다. 적색광 영역의 비율이 높은HPS 처리구에서는 상추의 잎 관련 생장 특성에서 최대치가 나타났으나, 청색광 영역의 비율이 높은 MH와XE 처리구에서는 낮게 나타났다. 방전등 처리구에 따라상추 잎에 축적된 아스코르빈산 함량은 대조구에 비해서작게 나타났으며, 처리구 사이에 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 상추 잎의 안토시아닌 함량은 MH 처리구에서0.70mg/100g으로 최대치가 나타났으며, XE와 HPS 처리구는 대조구의 0.58mg/100g에 비해서 각각 79.3%, 8.6%수준이었다. 결과적으로 방전램프의 종류에 따라 상추의생장 특성, 아스코르빈산 및 안토시아닌 함량이 다르게나타났다. 따라서 식물공장용 인공광원으로서 방전램프를 효율적으로 활용하면서, 상추의 생장 및 파이토케미컬 함량을 증진시키기 위해서는 분광 특성이 상이한 방전램프의 병용 또는 단색광 LED의 추가 설치 등과 같은 방전램프의 광질 개선이 요구된다.