Fill Factor에 따른 PV 모듈의 bypass diode의 동작 분석

지양근(Ji Yang-Geun),공지현(Kong Ji-Hyun),강기환(Kang Gi-Hwan),유권종(Yu Gwon-Jong),안형근(Ahn Hyung-Geun),한득영(Han Deuk-Young) 한국태양에너지학회 2010 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11

Previous studies have been focused on the voltage of bypass diode and Isc(Short Circuit Current) of the influenced solar cell. The bypass diode starts working when it gets the reversed applied voltage. Previous studies have only concentrated on Isc of the influenced solar cell and Imp of PV module to explain the bypassing performance. However, usually the PV module and inverter are installed together. The inverter has the MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking) function for best performance. We can expect the bypassing point is regulated by MPPT function of inverter. We already complete the analysis about the relationship between internal structure of PV module and bypassing point. but we just used ideal solar cell. so, we need to apply real solar cell. In this paper we show the simulation results for bypass diode in PV module with different Fill Factor. We experiment the relationship of the bypassing point and the Fill Factor of PV module. As the result, the more high Fill Factor cells were used, the earlier bypassing performance happens. Vmp is greater, with 68% Fill Factor.

FDM 3D Printer의 층간 충진율에 따른 강도변화

강용구(Yong-Goo Kang),권현규(Hyun-Kyu Kweon),신근식(Geun-Sik Shin) 한국기계가공학회 2019 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Recently, FDM-type 3D printer technology has been developed, and efforts have been made to improve the output formability and characteristics further. Through this, 3D printers are used in various fields, and printer technologies are suggested according to usage, such as FDM, SLA, DLP, and SLM. In particular, the FDM method is the most widely used, and the FDM method technology is being developed further. The characteristics of the output are produced by the FDM-type 3D printer, which is determined by various factors, and particularly the perspective of the Inter-Layer Fill Factor, which is the volume ratio of the laminated material that exerts a direct influence. In this study, the Inter-Layer Fill Factor is theoretically obtained by presenting the internal space between each layer according to the laminate thickness as a cross-sectional shape model, and the cross section of the actual laminated sample is compared with the theoretical model through experiments. Then, the equation for the theoretical model is defined, and the strength change according to each condition (tensile strength of material, reduction slope, strength reduction rate, and output strength) is confirmed. In addition, we investigated the influence on the correlation and strength between laminate thickness and the Inter-Layer Fill Factor.

스크린 프린팅 공법을 통한 방사선 무연 차폐 시트에 관한 연구

강상식 ( Sang-sik Kang ),정아림 ( Ah-rim Jeong ),이수민 ( Su-min Lee ),양승우 ( Seung-woo Yang ),김교태 ( Kyo-tae Kim ),허예지 ( Ye-ji Heo ),박지군 ( Ji-koon Park ) 한국방사선학회 2018 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.6

많은 선행 연구에서는 무연 차폐재를 제작하기 위하여 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해 방사선 차폐 능력과 경량화에 대한 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 하지만, 이는 바인더 및 미세 기공에 대한 구현이 어렵기에 제품화 공정에 필요한 정보를 충분히 제공하지 못하는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제품화 공정에 요구되는 겔 페이스트에 대한 정보를 사전에 제공하기 위하여 스크린 프린팅 공법을 활용하여 충전율에 따른 방사선 차폐 능력에 대한 결과를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 방사선 차폐 능력을 평가하기 위해 IEC 61331-1:2014와 KS A 4025에 부합하도록 실험 환경을 설계하였으며, 방사선 조사 조건은 KS A 4021 규격을 준용하여 총 여과 2.0 mmAl로 여과된 100 kVp를 이용하였다. 본 연구 결과, TVL를 기준으로 Pb 1270 μm, BaSO₄ 3035 μm, Bi₂O₃ 1849 μm, WO₃ 2631 μm에서 근사한 값으로 분석되었다. 또한, 충전율은 BaSO₄ 38.6%, Bi₂O₃ 27.1%, WO₃ 30.15%로 분석되었다. 하지만, 차후 저온고압 성형을 적용한다면 충전율을 높이면서도 기공률을 낮춤으로서 방사선 차폐 능력의 개선이 충분히 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In many previous studies, monte carlo simulation is used to produce lead-free shielding sheet, and the possibility of radiation shielding capability and weight reduction is presented. But it is difficult to simulation for binder and micro-pores because of In fact it does not provide sufficient information necessary for the commercialization process. Therefore, in this paper, the results of radiation shielding capability corresponding to filling factor was presented by using the screen printing method to provide information on gel-paste required for the commercialization process. In this study, the geometric setup for evaluate of radiation shielding ability was designed to comply with IEC 61331-1:2014 and KS A 4025. In addition, radiation irradiation conditions were 100 kVp filtered with 2.0 mmAl total filtration was applied according to KS A 4021 standard. In this study, Pb 1270 ㎛, BaSO4 3035 ㎛, Bi₂O₃ 1849 ㎛ and WO₃ 2631 ㎛ were analyzed based on ten value layer. Additionally, the filling factor was analyzed as BaSO₄ 38.6%, Bi₂O₃ 27.1%, WO₃ 30.15%. However, in the case of applying low-temperature high-pressure molding in the future, it is expected that the radiation shielding capability can be sufficiently improved by reducing the porosity while increasing the filling factor.

The Study on Filling Factor of Radiation Shielding Lead-free Sheet Via Screen Printing Method

Sang-Sik Kang,Ah-Rim Jeong,Su-Min Lee,Seung-Woo Yang,Kyo-Tae Kim,Ye-Ji Heo,Ji-Koon Park 한국방사선학회 2018 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.6

많은 선행 연구에서는 무연 차폐재를 제작하기 위하여 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해 방사선 차폐 능력과 경량화에 대한 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 하지만, 이는 바인더 및 미세 기공에 대한 구현이 어렵기에 제품화 공정에 필요한 정보를 충분히 제공하지 못하는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제품화 공정에 요구되는 겔 페이스트에 대한 정보를 사전에 제공하기 위하여 스크린 프린팅 공법을 활용하여 충전율에 따른 방사선 차폐 능력에 대한 결과를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 방사선 차폐 능력을 평가하기 위해 IEC 61331-1: 2014와 KS A 4025에 부합하도록 실험 환경을 설계하였으며, 방사선 조사 조건은 KS A 4021 규격을 준용하여 총 여과 2.0 mmAl로 여과된 100 kVp를 이용하였다. 본 연구 결과, TVL를 기준으로 Pb 1270 μm, BaSO4 3035 μm, Bi2O3 1849 μm, WO3 2631 μm에서 근사한 값으로 분석되었다. 또한, 충전율은 BaSO4 38.6%, Bi2O3 27.1%, WO3 30.15%로 분석되었다. 하지만, 차후 저온고압 성형을 적용한다면 충전율을 높이면서도 기공률을 낮춤으로서 방사선 차폐 능력의 개선이 충분히 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In many previous studies, monte carlo simulation is used to produce lead-free shielding sheet, and the possibility of radiation shielding capability and weight reduction is presented. But it is difficult to simulation for binder and micro-pores because of In fact it does not provide sufficient information necessary for the commercialization process. Therefore, in this paper, the results of radiation shielding capability corresponding to filling factor was presented by using the screen printing method to provide information on gel-paste required for the commercialization process. In this study, the geometric setup for evaluate of radiation shielding ability was designed to comply with IEC 61331-1:2014 and KS A 4025. In addition, radiation irradiation conditions were 100 kVp filtered with 2.0 mmAl total filtration was applied according to KS A 4021 standard. In this study, Pb 1270 ㎛, BaSO4 3035 ㎛, Bi2O3 1849 ㎛ and WO3 2631 ㎛ were analyzed based on ten value layer. Additionally, the filling factor was analyzed as BaSO4 38.6%, Bi2O3 27.1%, WO3 30.15%. However, in the case of applying low-temperature high-pressure molding in the future, it is expected that the radiation shielding capability can be sufficiently improved by reducing the porosity while increasing the filling factor.

Weavability Limit of Yarns with Thickness Variation in Shuttleless Weaving

Seyam, Abdelfattah M. The Korean Fiber Society 2003 Fibers and polymers Vol.4 No.4

Theoretical weavability limit relationships of fabrics from regular warp yarns and fancy filling yams with thickness variation in shuttleless weaving are reviewed. The relationships correlate maximum warp and filling cover factors, warp and filling yarn characteristics, the distribution of thick and thin places of filling yarn over the fabric surface, and the warp and filling weave factor. The research considers single filling feeder and multiple feeders cases. Additionally, comparisons between the weavability limit of regular yarns and fancy yams in shuttle and shuttleless weaving are given.

장기 신뢰성 평가를 위한 태양전지의 열충격 시험 특성에 관한 연구

강민수(Kang Min-Soo),김도석(Kim Do-Seok),전유재(Jeon Yu-Jae),신영의(Shin Young-Eui) 한국에너지학회 2012 에너지공학 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구에서는 PV(photovoltaic)모듈에서 경년에 따른 효율 저하의 원인을 분석하기 위해 셀 레벨에서의 열충격 시험을 수행하였다. 열충격 시험의 조건은 -40℃에서 85℃로 각각 15분씩 30분을 1사이클로 하였으며, 열충격 시험 500 사이클 동안 100 사이클 간격으로 EL분석 및 I-V분석을 수행하였다. 효율 감소율은 단결정 Bare Cell이 8%, Solar Cell이 9%였으며, 다결정 Bare Cell이 6%, Solar Cell이 13%의 감소율을 보였다. 열충격 시험 후 Solar Cell은 표면 손상으로 인한 효율저하를 확인할 수 있었다. Bare Cell의 경우 표면의 손상이 없었지만, 효율이 저하된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 Fill Factor 분석에 의해 경년 시 나타나는 누설전류에 의한 소모전력 증가로 효율 저하에 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 또한, Bare Cell보다 Solar Cell에서의 효율 감소율이 상대적으로 높게 나타난 결과는 표면 손상 및 소모 전력의 증가로 인해 Solar Cell 효율에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 향후 단면 분석법 및 다양한 조건의 시험 기법을 활용하여 PV모듈 뿐 아니라 Cell 레벨에서의 불규칙한 효율 및 Fill Factor의 감소 원인을 검토하고, Solar Cell에서의 효율 저하가 가속되는 원인에 대한 대책 방안 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다. This study has been performed Thermal Shock test for analyze the cause of Power drop in PV(Photovoltaic) Module. Thermal Shock test condition was performed with temperature range from -40℃ ~85℃. One cycle time is 30min. which are consist of low and high temperature 15min. each other. The test was performed with total 500cycles. EL, I-V were conducted every 100cycle up to 500cycles. Mono Cell resulted in 8% Power drop rates in Bare Cell and 9% in Solar Cell. In the case of Multi Cell resulted in 6% Power drop rates in Bare Cell and 13% in Solar Cell. After Thermal Shock test, Solar Cell"s Power drop resulted from surface damages, but in the case of Bare Cell"s Power drop had no surface damages. Therefore, Bare Cell"s Power drop was confirmed as according to leakage current increase by analysis of Fill Factor after Thermal Shock test. Also, Solar Cell"s Power drop rates are higher than that of Bare Cell because of surface damages and consuming electric power increase. From now on, it should be considered thatanalyzed the reasons of Fill Factor decrease and irregular Power drop in PV module and Cell level using cross section, various conditions and test methods.

반복하중을 받는 콘크리트충전 강합성 기둥의 연성에 관한 연구

Song, Jun Yeup,Kwon, Young Bong,Kim, Sung Kon 한국지진공학회 2001 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.5 No.6

일정한 축하중과 반복적인 횡하중을 받는 콘크리트충전 강합성 기둥의 내진성능에 관한 실험적인 연구가 수행되었다. 강합성 기둥은 충전콘크리트가 강판의 국부좌굴로 인한 내측방향의 변형을 억제하고, 강판의 콘크리트 측압에 대한 구속효과와 같은 상호작용에 의해서 콘크리트와 강재의 단순누가강도 이상의 강도증진효과를 가지며, 강재 및 콘크리트기둥에 비해 우수한 연성 및 에너지 흡수능력을 나타내었다. 단면분할법을 이용하여 콘크리트충전 강합성 기둥의 비선형 모멘트-곡률 관계를 예측해 보았으며, 이는 실험결과와 비교적 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 구조물의 내진설계의 중요한 요소인 강합성 기둥의 연성 및 응답수정계수를 평가해 보았다. 실험결과 강합성 기둥은 효과적인 내진구조 부재로 판단되었다. A series of test on concrete-filled composite columns was preformed to evaluate structural performance under axial compression and cyclic lateral loading. It was presented that concrete-filled composite columns had high strength, high stiffness and large energy-absorption capacity on account of mutual confinement between the steel plate and filled-in concrete. A cross section analysis procedure developed to predict the moment-curvature relation of composite columns was proven to be on accurate and effective method. The ductility factor and the response modification factor were evaluated for the seismic design of concrete-filled composite columns. It was shown that concrete-filled composite columns could be used as a very efficient earthquake-resistant structural member.

Enhanced Performance of Organic Photovoltaic Devices by Photo-Crosslinkable Buffer Layer

강남수,Mai Ha Hoang,최동훈,주병권,홍재민,유재웅 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.1

The performance of organic photovoltaic devices was enhanced by insertion of the photo-crosslinkable buffer layer. This buffer layer was formed by a photo curable precursor with bithiophene and pentadienyl moieties. The fill factor of the device with this buffer layer exceeded 0.7 in the organic photovoltaic cell. The characteristic of the photo-crosslinkable property enabled this buffer layer to be inserted between the hole extraction layer and the active layer, which formed an ohmic contact with both layers. The insertion of the buffer layer induced a 20%enhancement in conversion efficiency by small increases in the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage,and a huge increase in the fill factor. This photo-crosslinkable buffer layer acted as a leakage current reducing layer as measured by the reduced dark current. The high crystallinity and smooth surface of this buffer layer resulted in improved surface morphology and internal packing, thus enhanced the fill factor.

Effect of Particle Size for Filling Material on Reduction Factors by Installation Damage of Geogrids

김원춘(Yuan-Chun Jin),정유진(You-Jin Jeong),박주희(Ju-Hee Park),유중조(Jungjo Yuu),전한용(Han-Yong Jeon) 한국토목섬유학회 2010 한국토목섬유학회 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.11

In this paper, 3 types of geogrids were installed in different size of particles. Residual tensile strength slightly decreased in small size of particles. When the particles were big enough to start to affect to the PET filaments, residual tensile strength sharply decreased as particle size increased. Size distributions decide average of installation damage factor and irregularly of large particles distribution decides real installation damage factor. This study calculated installation damage reduction factor through analysis of filling material particles and the results of this method are analyzed and compared with those of the lab index test.

Reconfiguration of Photovoltaic Arrays under Partial Shading Conditions Using LSG Method for Maximum Power Extraction

Karthikeyan M.,Manimegalai D. 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.3

The foremost goal of this paper is to analyse output power, power Mismatch Loss (ML), Fill-Factor (FF), and efficiency metrics for different configurations. The aim of this research work is to investigate and quantify the performance of various configurations under different shading patterns. Partial shading is a significant impediment to photovoltaic (PV) array performance. This problem has the solution of reconfiguring the panels in the case of partial shadowing to give better outcomes. MATLAB/SIMULINK model was used to discuss, analyse, and compare various pv arrangements such as Series-Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), SuDoKu, and Logic-based Square Grid (LSG). The implementation and evaluation of all configurations are described using a simulation approach. The LSG method has the maximum power output of 9624 W, the highest efficiency of 11.6%, the Fill Factor of 0.61, and the lowest Mismatch Loss of 6056 W in Long-Wide (LW) shading pattern compare to all the configurations. Also, maximum power enhancement by LSG method is verified by experimentally using 7 × 7 PV array. The results shows that maximum power is enhanced by LSG method are 5.29, 8.44, 6.34, 4.26 and 8.24% when compared with TCT configuration under SN, SW, LN, LW and Diagonal shading patterns respectively.