Comparison and analysis on sheep meat quality and flavor under pasture-based fattening contrast to intensive pasture-based feeding system

Zhang Zhichao,Wang Xiaoqi,Jin Yan,Zhao Kai,Duan Ziyuan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-month intensive feeding on the meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor, and growth performance of grazing Hulunbuir sheep (HBS). Methods: The HBS were selected 4-months after birth in a pasture rearing system as the experimental animals (n = 44, female, average body weight 23.8±2.2 kg) then divided equally into pasture-based grazing fattening (PAS) and concentrate-included intensive fattening (CON) groups for another 4-month finishing. When finished fattening, all animals were slaughtered to collect musculus longissimus dorsi subcutaneous adipose tissue and to investigate the influences on meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor and growth performance. Results: The results showed lambs in CON group got significantly higher live weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. The CON group had significantly higher value of redness (a*), lightness (L*) and water holding capacity (p<0.05), significantly lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force than the PAS group (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat from CON group lambs demonstrated a significantly higher content of C18:1 and C18:2 (p<0.05), but lower C14:0 and C16:0, indicating an increased degree of unsaturated fatty acid. The content of 4-methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid had increased 2 to 4 times, representing a more intense odor in the CON group. However, the values were still lower than most sheep breeds reported, indicating the indoor feeding system could not fundamentally deteriorate the excellent meat characteristic of HBS. Conclusion: It was evident that lambs in CON group exhibited a better meat production performance, improved in meat color, texture and healthier fatty acid profile through pastureweaned concentrate included intensive fattening system, which offers a good alternative regimen for lamb finishing and has a wide prospection in the HBS meat industry. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-month intensive feeding on the meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor, and growth performance of grazing Hulunbuir sheep (HBS).Methods: The HBS were selected 4-months after birth in a pasture rearing system as the experimental animals (n = 44, female, average body weight 23.8±2.2 kg) then divided equally into pasture-based grazing fattening (PAS) and concentrate-included intensive fattening (CON) groups for another 4-month finishing. When finished fattening, all animals were slaughtered to collect musculus longissimus dorsi subcutaneous adipose tissue and to investigate the influences on meat quality, fatty acid profile, flavor and growth performance.Results: The results showed lambs in CON group got significantly higher live weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. The CON group had significantly higher value of redness (a*), lightness (L*) and water holding capacity (p<0.05), significantly lower value of Warner-Bratzler shear force than the PAS group (p<0.05). The subcutaneous fat from CON group lambs demonstrated a significantly higher content of C18:1 and C18:2 (p<0.05), but lower C14:0 and C16:0, indicating an increased degree of unsaturated fatty acid. The content of 4-methyloctanoic acid, 4-ethyloctanoic acid and 4-methylnonanoic acid had increased 2 to 4 times, representing a more intense odor in the CON group. However, the values were still lower than most sheep breeds reported, indicating the indoor feeding system could not fundamentally deteriorate the excellent meat characteristic of HBS.Conclusion: It was evident that lambs in CON group exhibited a better meat production performance, improved in meat color, texture and healthier fatty acid profile through pastureweaned concentrate included intensive fattening system, which offers a good alternative regimen for lamb finishing and has a wide prospection in the HBS meat industry.

Study on the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and neutral lipid in Hanwoo beef and their relationship to genetic variation

( Seok-hyeon Beak ),( Yoonseok Lee ),( Eun Bi Lee ),( Kyoung Hoon Kim ),( Jong Geun Kim ),( Jin Duck Bok ),( Sang-kee Kang ) 한국축산학회 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Maize which has very high omega-6 fatty acid content has been used as a main feed grain for Hanwoo beef production to increase marbling, and thus omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef is expected to be biased. To elucidate the current status of omega fatty acids ratio in Hanwoo beef, fatty acid profiles of neutral lipid and phospholipid fraction were analyzed separately using 55 Hanwoo steers’ longissimus dorsi muscle slaughtered at Pyeongchang, Korea from Oct. to Nov. 2015. In addition, an association study was conducted to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from references and omega fatty acid profiles in phospholipid of Hanwoo beef samples using analysis of variance (ANOVA). In neutral lipid fraction, composition of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was higher and polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower compared to those in phospholipid fraction. The mean n-6/n-3 ratios of Hanwoo were 56.059 ± 16.180 and 26.811 ± 6.668 in phospholipid and neutral lipid, respectively. There were three SNPs showing statistically significant associations with omega fatty acid content. GA type of rs41919985 in fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly associated with the highest amount of C20:5 n-3 (p = 0.031). CC type of rs41729173 in fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was significantly associated with the lowest amount of C22:2n-6 (p = 0.047). AG type of rs42187261 in FADS1 was significantly linked to the lowest concentration of C20:4 n-6 (p = 0.044). The total n-6/n-3 ratio of the steer which has all four SNP types in above loci (27.905) was much lower than the mean value of the total n-6/n-3 ratio in phospholipid of the 55 Hanwoo steers (56.059 ± 16.180). It was found that phospholipid and neutral lipid of Hanwoo have very high n-6/n-3 ratios compared to the reported data from different cow breeds. Four SNPs in genes related with fatty acid metabolism showed significant associations with the fatty acid profile of phospholipid and may have potential as SNP markers to select Hanwoo steers in terms of n-6/n-3 balance in the future.

감마선 조사가 건조-발효소시지의 Trans 지방산, 유리아미노산 및 관능검사 특성에 미치는 영향

김일석,양미라,조철훈,안동욱,강석남,Kim, Il-Suk,Yang, Mi-Ra,Jo, Cheorun,Ahn, Dong-Uk,Kang, Suk-Nam 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 감마선 조사가 건조-발효햄의 조직감, 지방산, 유리아미노산 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 경도(hardness) 및 부착성(adhesiveness) 의 경우 조사 처리구가 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.01). 검성(gumminess)의 경우에는 2 및 4 kGy처리구가 대조구 및 1 kGy처리구보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 지방산의 경우 처리구의 포화지방산(SFA)(C14:0, C16:0, C18:0)은 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.05), 불포화지방산 (UFA)(C16:1, C18:1 및 C18:3), trans 지방산, n-3 및 n-6 지방산 의 함량은 4 kGy처리에서 감소하였다(p<0.05). 감마선 조사처리는 phosposerine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid를 증가 시켰으나, lysine은 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 관능검사의 경우, 황취(sulfur odor) 및 지방산화 맛(fat pungent flavor)은 4 kGy에서 가장 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 곰팡이 냄새(moldy odor) 및 곰팡이 맛(moldy flavor)은 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과 감마선 조사가 조직감, 지방산조성 및 관능적 특성에 영향을 미쳤다. In this study, the effects of gamma-irradiation (1, 2 and 4 kGy) on texture profiles, fatty acid composition, free amino acids and sensory evaluation of dry-fermented sausage were evaluated. The hardness and adhesiveness of irradiated samples were significantly lower (p<0.01) than that of the control, while the gumminess of samples irradiated with 2 and 4 kGy was higher than the other tested samples (p<0.01). The sample irradiated at 4 kGy had a higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) content (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0) and significantly lower (p<0.05) unsaturated fatty acid content (UFA) (C16:1, C18:1, C18:3), trans, n-3 and n-6 fatty acid than the non-irradiated sample. Gamma-irradiation resulted in an increase (p<0.05) in phosposerine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid and a decrease (p<0.05) in glutamic acid in free amino acids. For the samples irradiated at 4 kGy, the sulfur odor and fat pungent flavor were significantly higher (p<0.05) and the moldy odor and moldy flavor were significantly lower than the control sample. In conclusion, gamma-irradiation had a significant effect on the texture profiles, fatty acid composition and sensory evaluation of dry-fermented sausage.

Fatty acid methyl ester profiles을 이용한 고온 바이오필터 미생물 군집 분석

류희욱,조경숙 한국냄새환경학회 2004 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.3 No.4

To monitor the variations of microbial communities with the operation periods in a thermo-biofilter for the treatment of hot BTX gases, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) profiles of the microbial communities have been analyzed using the MIDI system. The relative contents of C8:0 and C16:0 among the fatty acids analyzed in the inoculum sample were 13.6 and 18.5%, respectively. The relative contents of these fatty acids were also maintained in the biofilter samples after operation for 40 days. The content of C16:0 2OH in the inoculum sample was about 24%, but was reduced to 1.0-2.7% in the biofilter samples. In contrast to C16:0 2OH, the contents of C18:0 increased to 25.2-27.7% from 13.5%. The dominant fatty acid in the microbial community of the biofilter was changed from C16:0 2OH to C18:0 during operating of the biofilter. The increase of a long chain saturated fatty acid such as C18:0 indicated that the microbial community in the thermo-biofilter for hot BTX gases became dominated with theromophilic microorganisms. BTX 고온 가스 제거용 바이오필터의 조업조건에 따른 바이오필터의 미생물 군집 변화를 모니터링하기 위해 균체의 FAME profile을 MIDI 방법에 의해 분석하였다. 바이오필터에 접종한 종균 시료에서 C8:0과 C16:0 지방산이 차지하는 비율은 각각 13.6% 및 18.5% 이었다. 조업과정에서도 바이오필터에 서식하는 미생물 균체의 지방산 중 C8:0과 C16:0 지방산 비율은 종균과 거의 동일하게 유지되었다. 그러나, C16:0 2OH 지방산은 종균 시료에서는 약 24% 이었으나, 바이오필터 조업과정에서 이 지방산이 차지하는 비율은 1.0-2.7%로 크게 감소하였다. 이와는 대조적으로, 종균 시료에서 C18:0 지방산이 차지하는 비율은 13.5%이었으나, 바이오필터 조업과정에서는 이 지방산의 비율이 25.2-27.7%로 거의 2배 증가하였다. 즉, 바이오필터 운전 과정에서 우점 지방산이 C16:0 2OH에서 C18:0로 교체되었는데, C18:0 지방산과 같은 탄소수가 긴 포화 지방산 비율의 증가는 고온 BTX 바이오필터에 고온균이 우점화되어 감을 시사한다.

Influence of Breed, Slaughter Weight and Gender on Chemical Composition of Beef. Part 2. Fatty Acid Composition of Fat in Rib Samples

Hollo, G.,Csapo, J.,Szucs, E.,Tozser, J.,Repa, I.,Hollo, I. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.12

The effect of slaughter weight and gender on fatty acid composition of homogenised rib samples of Hungarian Simmental (HS) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle breeds was investigated. In the first experiment 22 Hungarian Simmental and 18 Holstein-Friesian cattle's meat, in the second experiment 15 females and 12 males Holstein-Friesian cattle's meat was analysed on fatty acid content. Saturated and mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acid profile did not seem to vary either by breed or by slaughter weight categories. The effect of gender, however, proved to be significant in influencing the quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and linolenic acids, as well as polyunsaturated fatty/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SAFA) ratio. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was higher in males than in females. Negative correlation was established between the quantity of PUFA and the amount of adipose tissue in rib samples.

패츌리 에센셜 오일의 흡입에 따른 지방산 조성 및 휘발성 화합물의 변화

홍성준(Seong Jun Hong),부창국(Chang Guk Boo),정향연(Hyangyeon Jeong),윤소정(Sojeong Yoon),조성민(Seong Min Jo),신의철(Eui-Cheol Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.50 No.9

본 연구는 일반식이 및 고지방 식이를 섭취한 실험동물 중 DW와 PEO를 흡입 후 발생한 체내 변화에 대해 관찰하였다. 고지방 식이를 섭취한 그룹에서 일반식이를 섭취한 그룹에 비해 palmitic acid가 감소하는 경향을 보였고, oleic acid는 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.05). 그리고 n-6 계열의 지방산들 또한 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 0.3%의 PEO를 흡입한 그룹에서 palmitic acid가 H 그룹에 비해 감소하였고(P<0.05), linolenic acid가 H 그룹에 비해 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 그리고 PEO를 흡입한 그룹 모두에서 H에 비해 oleic acid와 α-linolenic acid가 상대적으로 증가하였다. 지방산 결과에 대한 주성분 분석에서 총 10종의 variables를 확인하였다. N의 경우 C18:3n-6(linolenic acid)과 C18:0(stearic acid)이 variable로 확인되었고, H 그룹은 C20:3n-3(eicosatrienoic acid)가 variable로 확인되었다. H-LPI는 C18:1n-9(oleic acid)가 variable로 확인되었고, H-HPI는 C20:0(arachidic acid)가 variable로 확인되었다. 앞선 variables에 식이 섭취의 종류, 흡입 용액의 종류(DW와 PEO) 및 흡입 농도에 따라 PC1과 PC2에서 서로 다른 위치를 나타내었다. 군집 분석의 결과 H와 HPI가 H-HPI 보다 상대적으로 높은 유사성을 나타내었고, N 그룹과 H-LPI 그룹은 H-HPI 그룹보다 상대적으로 높은 그룹 간 유사성을 나타내었다. 전자코 분석 결과는 acetaldehyde, ethanol, dimethyl sulfide가 모든 샘플 중에서 가장 높은 peak area를 나타내었다. 전자코 시스템을 통해 얻은 휘발성 화합물의 결과를 주성분 분석하였고, 그 결과 N 그룹은 thiophene과 α-pinene에 의해 제1 사분면에 위치하였고, H-LPI 그룹은 propyl acetate와 α-terpinen–7-al에 의해 제 2사분면에 위치하였다. H-HPI 그룹은 hexadecanal의 영향에 의해 제 3사분면에 위치하였고, H 그룹은 2-butanamine의 영향에 의해 제 4사분면에 위치하였다. 군집 분석의 결과는 총 2개의 cluster로 분류되는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, cluster I은 H 그룹과 H-HPI 그룹으로 확인되었다. Cluster Ⅱ는 H-LPI와 N 그룹으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 PEO의 흡입에 따른 백색지방의 지방산 조성 및 휘발성 화합물에 대한 기초 자료로서 검토 및 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. This study identified the variations of fatty acid profiles and volatile compounds in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of high-fat diet-induced rats (HFD) after inhalation of patchouli essential oil (PEO). The HFD-fed groups exhibited a decreasing trend in the levels of palmitic acid compared to the normal diet-fed group (N), n-6 fatty acids also showed a decreasing trend compared to group N. On the other hand, oleic acid in HFD-fed groups exhibited an increasing trend compared to group N. The groups which inhaled PEO showed a relative increase in oleic and α-linolenic acids. Rats which inhaled PEO (H-LPI) showed a lower percentage of palmitic acid compared to group H (high-fat diet-induced group). However, linolenic acid was higher than in group H. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that a total of 10 variables were identified. In group N C18:3n-6 and C18:0 were identified as the main variables, and in group H, C20:3n-3 was identified as the main variable. C18:1n-9 was identified as the main variable in group H-LPI, and in group H-HPI, C20:0 was identified as the main variable. The electronic nose analysis results identified acetaldehyde and ethanol as the most abundant volatiles in all samples. The PCA result of volatiles represented about 83.16% of total variances in the dataset, with PC1 and PC2 representing 43.68% and 39.47%, respectively of the variance out of the total variance. The cluster analysis results were segregated into two groups, group H & HPI, and group N & H-LPI. Results of this study provide the basic data on the change of fatty acid composition and volatiles in white adipose tissue via inhalation of essential oils.

Analysis of cellular fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) for the identification of leuconostoc strains isolated from kimchi

Lee, Jung-Sook,Chun, Chang-Ouk,Kim, Hong-Joong,Joo, Yun-Jung,Lee, Hun-Joo,Park, Chan-Sum,Park, Yong-Ha,Mheen, Tae-Ick The Microbiological Society of Korea 1996 The journal of microbiology Vol.34 No.3

The cellular fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis data obtained for clusters defined at a Euclidian distance of 17.5, in the classification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, described by Lee et al. (4), was used for the identification of 79 Leuconostoc isolates. The test strains were isolated using a selective isolation medium specific for the genus Leuconostoc. These strains were then characterized according to their fatty acid profiles. The results show that all seventy nine test strains were identified to the known Leuconostoc clusters B, C, and D. Cluster B had the highest relative amount of the saturated fatty acid 16 : 0. The saturated fatty acid 16 : 0 and summed feature 9 were found as a major components in cluster C, which had a higher level of summed feature 9 than cluster B. Cluster D is characterized by the highest relative amount of the unsaturated fatty acid 18 : 1 w9c. It is suggested that FAMEs analysis can be successfully applied in the identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi.

연구노트 : 케이지 사육에서 방사사육으로 전환한 산란노계의 가슴살과 대퇴부살에 포함된 지방산 함량의 비교 조사

김창만 ( Chang Man Kim ),최정훈 ( Jung Hoon Choi ),최인학 ( In Hag Choi ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.6

The objective of this study was undertaken to investigate changes in fatty acid profile of breast and thigh muscle of old laying hens as transferred from cage to backyard raising system and to provide basic information on using old laying hens to producers for environmental managements. Overall, percentages of unsaturated fatty acid obtained from breast and thigh muscle with cage and backyard raising system are the most abundant, followed by saturated fatty acid. For breast muscle, there were no differences (P>0.05) between cage rearing system and backyard raising system in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA: SFA ratios were significantly higher in backyard raising systems in comparison with cage rearing systems (P<0.05). No differences (P>0.05) were detected between both rearing systems for MUFA, PUFA, and PUFA: SFA ratios with thigh muscles. SFA in thigh muscle was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cage rearing systems compared with backyard raising systems. In conclusion, using breast and thigh muscle meats from old laying hens as functional foods or investigating impact assessment on the improvement of farm management system may serve as a good management practice to encourage producers.

Nutritional Composition of White-Spotted Flower Chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis) Larvae Produced from Commercial Insect Farms in Korea

Youn-Kyung Ham,Sam-Woong Kim,Dong-Heon Song,Hyun-Wook Kim,Il-Suk Kim 한국축산식품학회 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.3

This study was conducted to compare the nutritional composition of whitespotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis) larvae produced from five commercial insect farms in Korea. The feeding sources of larvae were different as follows: Farm A, fermented oak sawdust; Farm B, fermented oak and scrub sawdust; Farm C, commercial feed; Farm D, private fermented feed; and Farm E, byproduct from mushroom compost. Drying yield significantly varied by insect farm, ranging from 14.12% to 27.28%. However, there was only small difference (5.14–7.38 g/100 g) in moisture content of dried larvae powder (p<0.001). The larvae produced from Farm A, B, and D presented higher protein content and lower lipid content compared to those from Farm C and E (p<0.05). No significant differences in total and essential amino acid contents were found, regardless of the insect farms. Phosphoserine, taurine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, well-known physiological useful compounds, were detected in form of free amino acids. The major fatty acids in the P. brevitarsis larvae were oleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and linoleic acid. The larvae from Farm A, B, and E exhibited higher oleic acid content than those from Farm B and C (p<0.05). Moreover, the larvae from Farm A presented the lowest saturated fatty acid (SFA)/unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) ratio. Although the underlying mechanisms of the nutritional composition differences are not yet clearly understood, this study suggests that the Farm A production system, using only oak feed, could be potentially beneficial in increasing the protein content and decreasing SFA/UFA ratio in P. brevitarsis larvae.

Dual oxidative stress and fatty acid profile impacts in Paracentrotus lividus exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin: biochemical and histopathological responses

Fouzai Chaima,Trabelsi Wafa,Bejaoui Safa,Marengo Michel,Ghribi Feriel,Chetoui Imen,Mili Sami,Soudani Nejla 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.3

Lambda-cyhalothrin (λ-cyh) is a potential pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest control. The presence of pyrethroids in the aquatic ecosystem may induce adverse effects on non-target organisms such as the sea urchin. This study was conducted to assess the toxic effects of λ-cyh on the fatty acid profiles, redox status, and histopathological aspects of Paracentrotus lividus gonads following exposure to three concentrations of λ-cyh (100, 250 and 500 μg/L) for 72 h. The results showed a significant decrease in saturated fatty acid (SFAs) with an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) levels in λ-cyh treated sea urchins. The highest levels in PUFAs were recorded in the eicosapentaenoic acids (C20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acids (C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acids (C20:4n-6) levels. The λ-cyh intoxication promoted oxidative stress with an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were enhanced in all exposed sea urchins, while the vitamin C levels were decreased in 100 and 500 μg/L treated groups. Our biochemical results have been confirmed by the histopathological observations. Collectively, our findings offered valuable insights into the importance of assessing fatty acids’ profiles as a relevant tool in aquatic ecotoxicological studies.