중년 남녀의 유산소 운동 강도와 지질 대사의 변화: 메타분석

궘재원,한승아,허웅,윤고은,오태웅 한국코칭능력개발원 2025 코칭능력개발지 Vol.27 No.5

본 연구는 메타분석을 이용하여 유산소 운동 강도에 따른 지질 대사의 변화를 연구하고 비만 및 지질 대사 증후군을 가진 사람들을위한 새로운 운동 전략을 수립하는데 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 비만 또는 경증 지질 대사를 가진 40~60대로 성별에 제한을 두지 않았다. 분석에는 총 10개의 연구와 17개의 데이터가 포함되었고, 지질 지표 변화를 알아보기 위해총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 총 콜레스테롤 ,중성지방, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤의 수치의 변화는 유산소 운동 강도에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 저강도 운동에서의 효과크기가 가장 높게 나타나 비만 및경증 지질 대사를 가진 사람들에게 운동 프로그램에 대한 객관적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. This study aimed to examine the changes in lipid metabolism based on aerobic exercise intensity using a meta-analysis and to provide foundational data for developing new exercise strategies for individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome. To achieve this goal, studies involving participants aged 40~60 years with obesity or mild lipid metabolism disorders were selected without gender restrictions. A total of 10 studies and 17 datasets were included in the analysis, which assessed changes in lipid markers, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, and LDL-C, through meta-analysis. The classification and extraction of literature were conducted using the PRISMA flow diagram, and the selected studies were coded in Excel 2020 by recording details such as study title, publication year, author, sample size, gender, age, exercise intensity, and duration. Statistical analyses for the meta-analysis, including effect size, homogeneity, heterogeneity, and publication bias, were performed using R program (ver. 4.3.4), yielding the following results. First, changes in total cholesterol levels across aerobic exercise intensities showed a decreasing trend at all intensities, with the largest effect size observed in low-intensity exercise. Second, changes in triglyceride levels demonstrated a decreasing trend across all exercise intensities, although the effect size for each intensity was small. Third, HDL-C levels increased across all exercise intensities, with the largest effect size observed in moderate-intensity exercise. Fourth, LDL-C levels showed a decreasing trend across all exercise intensities, with the largest effect size observed in low-intensity exercise. In conclusion, the findings indicate that lipid markers vary depending on exercise intensity. These results highlight the importance of exercise intensity as a key factor in improving lipid metabolism and suggest the necessity of setting appropriate exercise intensities tailored to individuals' physical fitness and health conditions. Furthermore, this study provides foundational data for developing exercise strategies to improve obesity and lipid metabolism.

트레드밀 운동이 도파민 투여 MPTP-파킨슨 모델 쥐의 p-JNK pathway, 해마 치상회의 GDNF 발현 및 운동기능에 미치는 영향

박재성(Park Jae-Sung),윤성진(Yoon Sung-Jin) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Exercise is considered to improve motor function and emotional benefits in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, it is not clear if clinical improvements are due to neuronal alterations within the affected nigrostriatal region or a result from a more general effect of exercise on affect and motivation. In previous study, we found that treadmill exercise down regulate the alpha-synuclein in the brain of mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. But still we don’t know about the interaction effect between dopaminergic medicine(L-Dopa) and exercise. The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of treadmill exercise and dopaminergic medicine(L-Dopa) on nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in MPTP induced mouse model of Parkinson Disease. The results of this study were summarized as follows: (1) Treadmill exercise decreased synphilin expression levels in substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP-induced parkinson’s disease model. (2) Treadmill exercise inhibits decrease of cell numbers in substantia nigra and striatum. (3) Treadmill exercise group’s p-JNK expression level is more lower than sedentary group in subtantia nigra. This means exercise inhibits apoptosis in the brain and induce the cell survival in the brain. (4) Treadmill exercise increase GDNF expression levels in dentate gyrus rather than sedentary group. (5) Treadmill exercise increase GDNF expression levels in hippocampus rather than sedentary group. This result(increase of GDNF expression in hippocampus and dentate gyrus) means treadmill exercise profitable for the memory and learning problem also disorientation. The results of this study suggest that treadmill exercise partially prevented dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal region of the Parkinson’s Disease model, and this effects were may offer a potential therapeutic adjunct to current Parkinson’s Disease therapies in the future.

일주기 리듬에 따른 운동이 여대생의 순환기능 및 에너지소비량에 미치는 영향

이소은(Lee, So-Eun),이재영(Lee, Jae-Young) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was the effects of 20 minutes of exercise on the circadian rhythm of energy expenditure, glucose and lactate in female university students. As circadian rhythm exists in human body, effect of exercise may vary in accordance with time zone that exercise is executed even if the exercise is done with same strength, it is necessary to examine the result based on morning exercise(09:00),afternoon exercise(14:00), and evening exercise(20:00). In evaluating circulatory faculty, energy expenditure after 60%VO2max treadmill exercise which is based on circadian rhythm, glucose and lactate were measured in different time of a day after choosing female university students. Conclusion which may be drawn from this study is as follows: It is considered that female university students before and after exercise for 20 minutes have influence on energy expenditure, glucose and lactate in connection with circadian rhythm. Before and after exercise, glucose was significantly increased in the morning. Glucose was significantly decreased m the Afternoon. Before and after exercise, the change of lactate showed a significant increase at all times(morning, afternoon and evening). The increase in the lactate was most prominent in the morning. Morning, afternoon energy expenditure changes showed that the deterioration in the 20 minute exercise. These findings suggest exercise beneficial effects on the circadian rhythm especially in the evening.

운동형태가 유방암 환자의 유방암 발병위험인자 및 종양 표지자에 미치는 영향

허선(Hur, Sun),장재훈(Jang, Jae-Hoon) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The link between tumor marker CA15-3 and exercise needs to be continued, but domestic research is still small. Therefore, this research was intended to analyze the effects on breast cancer risk factors (E₂, IGF-1, IGFBP-3) and tumor marker (CA15-3) by conducting aerobic and resistance movements for 10 weeks, and to present a form of exercise that is useful for preventing breast cancer and preventing recurrence. Among women aged 30 to 60 years old, those who were not exercising regularly were those who did not have any acute or chronic oncological pain that could affect their studies, within six months or more of the time of the end of the post-surgical radiation therapy. These aerobic exercise group of 15 resistance exercise group, 15, 15 separate and entirely random control group. The exercises were divided into aerobic and resistance exercises, and the same exercise intensity (50~70%HRR) was set up three times a week and the exercise time was 70 minutes a week for 10 weeks. As a result of this study, E2, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 had interaction effects of group and timing. E₂ and IGFBP-3 were significantly lower than comparison groups in the aerobic and resistance movement groups after exercise compared to before. IGF-1 was significantly lower in resistance after exercise than before than in aerobic exercise groups and comparison groups. CA15-3 had interaction effects of group and timing. It was significantly lower than the comparison groups in the aerobic and resistance movement groups after the exercise compared to before. The results of this study showed positive improvement in estradiol, IGFBP-3 and CA15-3 by regularly conducting aerobic and resistance movements. IGF-1 showed that the resistance movement was more effective than aerobic exercise.

운동과 암: 예방에서 치료까지?

서한교,곽이섭 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2020 체육과학연구 Vol.31 No.4

[Purpose] The valuable impacts of exercise-intervention in diverse type of cancer patients were rationally well-prescribed, though many experimental and review researches already performed in this fields. Generally, cancer-related fatigue and pain remains one of the most prevalent problems for cancer populations. Therefore, exercise has become increasingly significant in cancer prevention and progression. The purpose of this recent study was to analyze the combined exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, pain, quality of life and cancer prognosis in diverse type of cancer patients. This study analyses the safety and feasibility of exercise intervention in diverse stages of cancer patients such as early stage, advanced stage and even metastatic periods in cancer populations. we also wanted to know the impacts of dose-response trial of aerobic and resistance exercise on quality of life in cancer survivors. [Methods] we conducted a comprehensive PubMed/MEDILINE electronic database from Jan 2015 to August 2020. The reference lists of eligible experimental research articles and relevant systemic review articles were checked. Inclusion criteria were adult cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials performing well-tailored exercise intervention programs to diverse type of cancer patients, Using predefined search items ‘exercise-intervention, cancer & immunology’. Based on reference search, more than 100 articles were identified whereas 30 research papers met the inclusion criteria and were well connected with exercise-intervention and cancer progression. we analyzed the connections between physical exercise and cancer intervention in the main text. [Results] Moderate to vigorous exercise (aerobic and resistance exercise) revealed to decreased level of cancer-related fatigue, pain, and cancer-related symptoms, however increased level of sleep quality, activities of daily living, exercise performance and health- related quality of life. Exercise intervention reduced pro-inflammatory markers and oxidative stress as well as insomnia, fatigue, pain symptoms whereas it enhanced the antioxidant systems and immune functions. In addition, home-based aerobic physical exercise might enhance muscular strength and quality of life in many types of cancer survivors. Psychological intervention also effective for reducing cancer-related fatigue and pain during and after cancer treatment. they might be the much better intervention than available pharmaceutical options. we believe that it is the related mechanisms of immune cell mobilization and activation such as NK cells which is induced by the activation of sympathetic system during and after physical exercise. [Conclusion] According to the aforementioned results, it was concluded that implementation of exercise intervention appear to be the best non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer populations, and also revealed to be safe and feasible in early and advanced stages, although not in the metastatic periods. Sometimes, psychological intervention such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) might be useful in reducing anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain and enhancing quality of life, quality of sleep for cancer populations. we can conclude, exercise-intervention might not just be prevention effect but might be therapeutics, however more studies are urgently needed to confirm the exercise intervention on the NK-receptors activation and immune connection of cancer populations. [목적] 본 연구는 일반적으로 많이 발생하는 여러 암에 대해서 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 안전하고도 비 약물적이며, 비 침습적인 방법 중 하나인 운동활동과 복합적인 운동중재가 암의 예방, 진행 및 예후에 미치는 효과를 다양한 실험적 연구 및 메타분석 리뷰 연구들을 종합적으로 분석하고, 여러 암에 대한 운동중재 분석결과를 기전적인 측면에서 제시하고자 한다. [방법] 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 전자저널인 Pub Med/Medline, 전자저널 database를 이용하여 2015년도 1월부터 2020년 8월까지 ‘EXERCISE & CANCER & IMMUNITY’ 등의 키워드로 검색한 후 본 연구주제와 적합한 논문들을 검색 및 분석한 후 본 연구를 수행하였다. [결과] 이 연구에서 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구결과 운동중재는 다양한 암환자들의 암의 초기나 중기 혹은 말기, 및 치료시기 등의 다양한 시기에 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 하지만 암의 전이 시기에는 다른 부작용이 발생할 수 있어 운동 중재 시 주의를 기울여야 하며, 개인별 차이를 고려하여 다른 복합 처치에 대하여 반영해야 한다. 본 연구결과 암환자에게 운동중재 효과에 관한 기전적인 근거는 운동활동에 따른 교감신경계의 활성화가 심혈관 기능의 개선, 인체 대사율의 증가, 면역세포들의 활성화를 도모하여 면역력을 증가시키기 때문으로 나타났으며, 운동중재가 암으로 인해 발생하는 활성산소들을 효율적으로 제거하는 효과와 이로 인한 피로믈질의 제거가 효율적이기 때문으로 항산화 시스템의 개선으로 인한 만성적인 염증감소 때문으로 분석된다. 특히 운동활동으로 인한 혈관기능 개선과 심혈관 기능의 향상은 감소된 운동능력을 회복시키며, 피로와 통증을 개선하는 효과가 있는 것이다. 그리고 여성에게 흔한 유방암의 경우에는 다른 종류의 암에 비해 운동중재의 효과가 상당하며, 다만 암의 전이시기에는 운동 시 부작용이 발생하지 않도록 개인별 주의를 기울여야 한다. 남성에게 호발하는 전립선암의 경우 역시 상당한 운동효과가 있는 것으로 보고되었고, 이 경우 호르몬 치료에 대한 부작용이 있으므로 육류나 포화지방 섭취를 줄이고 야채와 과일이 풍부한 식단을 함께 병행해야 하며 무엇보다 근력증가 운동이 필수적이다. [결론] 본 종설을 진행한 결과, 운동중재는 거의 모든 암에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 암의 초기, 중기, 말기 및 여러 치료시기 등에서 효과적이며 다양한 종류의 복합적인 운동이 권장되고 운동의 강도는 수행할 수 있을 정도로 적당하게 높은 강도의 운동을 자주 하는 것이 요구된다. 다만 암의 전이시기에는 또 다른 운동 부작용이 발생할 수 있으므로 주의를 기울여야 한다. 추후 면역학적인 측면에서 운동과 암에 관한 다양한 운동 활동 및 중재를 통한 NK세포 수용기들의 활성화나 비활성화에 대한 연구를 통하여 운동중재에 관한 암의 예방 및 치료효과와 운동중재의 면역감시 활성화에 관한 심도 있는 연구가 필요한 실정에 있다. 그리고 암에 대한 운동중재에 관한 다 차원적인 메타 연구가 절실히 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

행정부작위 헌법소원에서의 작위의무 이행 — 헌재 2019. 12. 27. 2012헌마939 결정에 대한 평가를 겸하여 —

이황희 세계헌법학회한국학회 2022 세계헌법연구 Vol.28 No.2

The constitutional complaint's subject matter includes exercise and non-exercise of governmental power. This paper examines the issue of exercising duty to act as the legal prerequisites to constitutional complaints regarding the non-exercise of governmental authority. In the paper, the issue regarding the exercise of the duty to act is divided into the issue of whether to exercise and the timing of exercise. Whether to exercise is not a subject of a mere factual judgment but a normative judgment. Since the judgment criteria of the Constitutional Court on the exercise of duty to act significantly affect the level of the government's exercise of the duty to act afterward, it was considered that the judgment on the exercise of the duty needs to be made practically following the purpose of the system of a constitutional complaint. A greater interest in this paper lies in the issue of the timing of exercise. The kernel of the timing issue was how to judge when the duty to act was exercised after the omission had continued for a considerable period of time and the violation of fundamental rights had already occurred in reality. Firstly it can be said that there is no non-exercise of governmental power. This is the method currently taken by the Constitutional Court. However, this logic has a problem in that it is difficult to identify the fact that the violation of basic rights which has already occurred is concealed. This means that, unlike in the case of the exercise of governmental power, the objective function of the constitutional complaint is weakened in the case of the non-exercise. From the point of view of the applicant, there is also the problem that the possibility of a ruling of unconstitutionality would be reduced. This issue can be treated similarly to the approach that, in a constitutional complaint against the exercise of governmental power, where the act is terminated, justiciable interests should be denied, yet the interests of review can be recognized exceptionally. Finally, from this standpoint, the 2012 Heonma 939 decision was reviewed. It dismissed the request for adjudication, as it was deemed that the prerequisite of the non-existence of governmental power was not met by acknowledging the exercise of the duty to act. However, in this case, the duty to act seems to have been exercised after the omission had continued for a considerable period of time. If that had been the case, it would have been highly probable that the decision to confirm the unconstitutionality was pronounced. 헌법소원심판의 대상에는 공권력의 행사뿐만 아니라 그 불행사로 인한 기본권침해도 포함된다. 본고는 공권력 불행사에 관한 헌법소원심판의 적법요건 중 작위의무의 이행 문제를 검토한다. 본고에서는 작위의무 이행에 관한 문제를 이행 여부에 관한 문제와 이행 시점에 관한 문제로 구분해 살펴보았다. 이행 여부 문제는 단순한 사실적 판단이 아니라 규범적 판단의 대상이다. 작위의무 이행에 관한 헌법재판소의 판단기준은 향후 정부의 작위의무 실천 수준에 큰 영향을 주므로, 의무이행에 대한 판단은 헌법소원제도의 취지에 맞게 실질적으로 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다고 보았다. 본고의 더 큰 관심은 이행 시점 문제에 놓여있다. 이 관심의 핵심에는, 부작위가 상당기간 지속되어 이미 기본권침해가 현실에서 발생한 이후에 비로소 작위의무가 이행된 경우, 이를 어떻게 판단할 것인가의 문제가 있었다. 우선, 공권력의 불행사 자체가 없다고 볼 수도 있다. 이는 현재 헌법재판소가 취하는 방식이기도 하다. 그러나 이 논리는, 이미 발생한 기본권침해 사실이 은폐되어 이를 규명하기 어렵다는 문제가 있다. 이는 공권력 행사를 다투는 경우와 달리, 그 불행사를 다투는 경우 헌법소원의 객관적 기능이 약화됨을 의미한다. 청구인 입장에서는 위헌결정이 선고될 가능성이 축소된다는 문제도 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는, 공권력 행사를 대상으로 한 헌법소원에서처럼 예외적으로 심판의 이익을 인정할 수 있다는 접근방식이 참조될 필요가 있다. 끝으로, 이러한 입장에서 2012헌마939 결정을 평가했다. 이 결정은 작위의무 이행을 인정함으로써 공권력 불행사성 요건이 충족되지 않는다고 보아, 심판청구를 각하했다. 그러나 이 사건에서는 부작위가 상당기간 지속된 상태에서 작위의무가 이행되었다고 보이므로, 심판의 이익을 인정해 본안판단으로 나아갈 필요가 있었다. 만약 그랬다면, 위헌확인결정이 선고되었을 가능성이 컸을 것이다.

생활체육 참여자의 운동중독 성향 심층분석

김윤래 한국스포츠학회 2011 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.9 No.3

This study aims to use the qualitative study method to find out the process, pattern and tendency towards exercise addiction in athletes who have symptoms of exercise addiction. There are 9 objects in this study: 3 cyclists, 3 golfers and 3 inline skaters. We selected those who recognize they have exercise addiction by using purposeful sampling. The data was gathered with in-depth interviews and participants’ observation and was processed through content analysis. As the result of this study, participants understand that exercise addiction causes inconvenience in business and everyday life and also has positive and negative effects on physical and mental views due to relying excessively on exercise. The case of exercise addiction shows that the interest and the need for exercise is motivated by exercise participation at first and then by suggestions from others to exercise. After that, they reach the affection and immersion level of exercise through the experience of positive effects on their physical and mental views and socialization with colleagues. Since then, they reach the level of positive and negative exercise addiction as they get stronger for the affection and immersion on exercise. Moreover, they lose the capacity to control the exercise limit for themselves. Positive exercise addiction is good for physical and mental health and relieves tension, depression and stress. In addition, it gives more energy and serves as a supplement to life with the feeling of achievement, self-confidence and happiness. However, the negative exercise addiction is understood as being a more important part of life than family, society and work. They experience withdrawal symptoms(anxiety, tension and irritation), strong tolerance and dependence which are the main factors for deciding the level of addiction. It shows that they reduce social activity and job performance as well.

운동성 빈혈증상 여성의 유산소 운동과 호흡근 훈련 병행이 혈중 헤모글로빈 및 폐기능과 빈혈증상 개선에 미치는 효과

한은상,서영환 한국체육과학회 2023 한국체육과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

This study is aimed at suggesting a physiological improvement method for exercise anemia by improving hemoglobin in the blood and oxygen transport capacity by improving lung function by combining aerobic exercise and respiratory muscle training for women with exercise anemia. The subjects of the study were 26 women of childbearing age who showed symptoms of exercise anemia, and only subjects who scored 12 g/dL or higher on the blood hemoglobin test and 2 points or higher on the VES-A test were selected to perform only aerobic exercise (Aerobics Exercise Group) and Respiratory muscle training groups were assigned to each group of 13 people. The results of the 10-week program are as follows. 1. Combination of respiratory muscle training effectively increases hemoglobin compared to single aerobic exercise. 2. Combination of respiratory muscle training effectively strengthens lung function compared to single aerobic exercise. 3. Combination of respiratory muscle training effectively improves symptoms of anemia compared to single aerobic exercise. Therefore, the combination of respiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise can be suggested as an effective exercise therapy to improve female exercise anemia rather than single aerobic exercise, and is considered suitable for increasing hemoglobin in the blood and strengthening lung function.

태권도 수련동기가 운동몰입 및 수련지속 의도에 미치는 영향

주진만(Ju, Jin-Man) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This study aims to find out the effects of Taekwondo exercise motivation on exercise immersion and the intention to continue exercise. For the research, 536 students from elementary school to high school, who were exercising in Teakwondo Schools registered in Teakwondo Association in Wonju-city in 2013, were surveyed. The results are as follows: first, among the sub-factors of Taekwondo exercise motivation, while emotional motives and functional motives affected exercise immersion, social motives did not affect it. Second, Taekwondo exercise motivation affected the intention to continue exercise. Third, among the sub-factors of Taekwondo exercise immersion, while cognitive immersion affected the intention to continue exercise, behavioral immersion didn’t.

정리운동이 부교감신경 재활성화에 미치는 영향

이희혁(Lee, Hee-Hyuk) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Cardiac autonomic balance is altered after exercise. However the impact of the cool-down exercise in this response remains unclear. Our objective is to assess the influence of cool-down exercise on parasympathetic reactivation following exercise. On four occasions, six young(22.4 ±.9 years) healthy males performed, in random order, sub-maximal cycling bouts, each followed by 10 min of recovery period: sitting complete rest, cool-down pedaling with loadless, cool-down pedaling with 30% of work load, and cool-down pedaling with diminishing loads. Electrocardiogram data were collected during 5 min periods in the sitting position, at rest before exercise then at 10 min following cessation of exercise. Parasympathetic reactivation was assessed from heart rate variability(HRV) indices. HRV analysis was performed to obtain time-domain measures [standard deviation of the node to node intervals(SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD)] and frequency-domain measures [normalized LF and HF power and total power(TP)]. Heart rate following cooling-down exercises was significantly lower than the corresponding heart rate without cool-down exercise(p=.05). Analysis of heart rate variability revealed a significant increase in parasympathetic measures after cool-down exercise, as compared to complete rest without cool-down exercise(p=.05), and there was no significant differences among the three cool-down exercises. These results suggest that cool-down exercise may be effective in enhancing cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following endurance exercise.