규칙적인 운동참여자의 일반적 특성과 운동자기 - 도식, 자기효능감에 관한 관계

정영수 한국웰니스학회 2020 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.15 No.4

This study considered the behavioral and practical interactions according to the general characteristics of college students. The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between exercise self-scheme and self-efficacy. A total of 204 subjects were studied, and the population was college students aged 20-23. As measurement tools, exercise self-scheman and self-efficacy exercise questionnaire were used. For data processing, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, variance analysis, Scheffe's post-test, and stepwise regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. The results of this study were as follows that Th First, The results of this study were as follows: First, it was found that there were differences in exercise self-schemata and self-efficacy by college students's of general characteristics (gender, exercise intensity, duration of exercise, and frequency of exercise). exercise self-schemate showed a high level of significance in the intensity of one exercise and the frequency of exercise, and self-efficacy showed a high level of significance in the duration of exercise and the intensity of one exercise. The Second, exercise self-schemata has a high influence on self-efficacy, and among the sub-factors, self-regulation and task preference are considered important factors. 본 연구는 대학생들의 일반적 특성에 따른 행동 실천적 상호적 관계를 고려하여 운동 자기-도식과 자기효능감의 관계를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구대상은 20세-23세의 대학생을 모집단으로 총 204명이다. 측정도구는 운동 자기-도식(exercise self-scheman)과 자기효능감(self-efficacy exercise) 질문지를 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 22.0프로그램을 활용하여 탐색적 요인분석(Exploratory factor analysis), 상관관계(correlation analysis), 변량분석과 Scheffe의 사후검증 및 단계적 회귀분석(stepwise regression analysis)를 실시하였다. 본 연구결과는 첫째, 대학생들의 일반적 특성(성별, 1회 운동참여 시 운동강도, 운동기간, 운동빈도)에 의해 운동 자기-도식과 자기효능감에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 운동 자기-도식은 1회 운동 강도와 운동빈도에 높은 유의수준을 나타냈고 자기효능감은 운동기간과 1회 운동강도에 높은 유의수준을 나타났다. 둘째, 운동 자기-도식은 자기효능감에 높은 영향을 미치며 하위요인 중 자기조절과 과제선호도가 중요한 요인으로 사료된다.

간단한 운동상담이 환자의 운동실행에 미치는 영향

최경호,문귀옥,강재헌,양윤준 인제대학교 1999 仁濟醫學 Vol.20 No.2

Background: Regular exercise is known to be useful for health promotion and disease prevention. Especially, exercise has a beneficial impact on coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, obesity, mental health, cancer and other diseases. In spite of these influences of exercise, physicians do not spend their time to prescribe exercise, because they have not enough time during their busy practice. According to a study in U.S.A, four out of five patients have never been told by their physicians to exercise. So we performed this study to verify the effectiveness of brief exercise prescription to improve exercise performance. Methods: From June 1996 to August 1996, data were collected from hypertensive and diabetic patients who visited department of family medicine, Sang-Gye Paik Hospital. Case and control groups were randomized by table of random numbers Control group received structurized exercise prescription brochure only, and case group received brief exercise counseling from a physician with structurized exercise prescription brochure. One month later, we analysed the exercise performance rate between case and control group. Results: Total number of subjects were 138. 34 patients(24.6%) were male and 104 patients(75.4%) were female. Patients less than 30 years old were 7 patients(5.1%), 30-39 years old were 20 patients(14.5%), 40-49 years old were 25 patients(18.1%), 50-59 years old were 49 patients(35.5%) and over 60 years old were 37 patients(26.8%). 44 patients(61.1%) of case group and 44 patients(78.6%) of control group were performing exercise regularly. Exercise performance rate in female (71.4% in case group, 75% in control group) was higher than that in male(25% in case group, 44.4% in control group) . Exercise performance rate was the highest in patients between 50-59 years old in both case(40.9% ) and control group(50%). Conclusion: There were no increment in exercise performance rate in case group after brief exercise counseling by a physician with structurized exercise prescription brochure.

飮酒後 얼굴 붉어지는 사람에 있어서 運動이 直腸 및 皮膚溫度에 미치는 效果

玄成澤,黃駿河,黃樹寬,朴載植 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1986 慶北醫大誌 Vol.27 No.1

飮酒後 얼굴 붉어지는 사람에 있어서 運動이 直腸 및 皮膚溫度에 미치는 效果를 究明하기 위하여 建康한 남자 대학생 57명을 對象으로 하여 물 投與 對照群(W), 에타놀 投與後 얼굴 안 붉어지는 群(N)과 붉어지는 群(F), 물 投與後 運動시킨 群(WE), 에타놀 投與後 運動시켜서 얼굴 안 붉어지는 群(NE) 및 에타놀 投與後 運動시켜서 얼굴 붉어지는 群(FE)으로 구분하였다. 에타놀 投與群(N, F, NE, FE)에는 體液量 ℓ當 25% 에타놀 3㎖를 經口投與하였고, 물 投與群(W, WE)에는 에타놀대신 同量의 물을 投與하였다. 運動시킨 群(WE, NE, FE)은 물 또는 에타놀 投與 直後부터 3분간 rebounder上에서 ?直뛰기를 실시하였다. 體溫은 Yellow Springs Instrument製 telethermometer 44 TA 를 사용하여 直腸溫度와 大腿, 이마, 뺨 및 목皮膚溫度를 測定하였다. 直腸溫度는 에타놀 投與後 F群과 N 群은 모두 감소했고, 運動시킨 WE 群은 증가했으며, NE群은 運動後 40, 60 및 120분에 감소했다. FE群은 運動後 10분에 증가했으나 45 및 60분에는 감소했고, 30, 45 및 60분에는 WE群에 비해 낮았다. 大腿皮膚溫度는 에타놀 投與後 N 群은 별 변화가 없으나, F 群은 45분부터 다소 증가했다. NE 群은 運動後 45분부터 다소 증가했다. NE 軍은 運動後 45분부터 증가했고 FE 群은 運動後 계속 증가했다. 이마皮膚溫度는 에타놀 投與後 N 群은 30, 45, 60 및 90분에 증가했고, F 群은 45분에 W 群보다 높았다. 運動後 WE 群과 NE 群은 감소하는데 비해 FE 群은 증가했다. NE 群은 運動後 4분에 N 群에 비해 낮았고 FE 群은 10분에 WE群에 비해 높았다. 뺨皮膚溫度는 F 群에 에타놀 投與後 10분에 증가했고, 10, 20 및 30분에는 W 群보다 높았다. 運動後 WE 群은 20분에 증가했고, NE 群은 4, 90 및 120분에 감소했으며, FE 群은 10분부터 120분까지 증가했다. 목皮膚溫度는 에타놀 投與後 N 群은 4분에 W 群보다 높았고, F 郡은 에타놀 投與後 다소 증가했다. WE 群은 運動後 4분에 감소했고, NE 群은 4 및 90분에 감소했으나 FE 群은 20 및 60분에 증가했다. NE 群은 4분에 N 群에 비해 낮았다. 收縮期血壓은 에타놀 投與後 N 群은 4 및 10분에 증가했고, F 群은 다소 증가했으며, 運動後 WE 群은 4, 10 및 20분에 증가했고, NE 群도 4 및 10분에 증가했다. FE 群은 4분에 증가했고 F 群보다도 높았다. 擴張期血壓은 N 群이 에타놀 投與後 4 및 10분에 有意하게 높았으며, 心博數는 W 群은 물 投與後 20분에 증가했고, 에타놀 投與後 N 群은 별 변화가 없었으나, F群은 증가하여 20분에 최고치를 나타내고 120분까지도 높았으며 10 및 60분은 W 群보다 높았다. 運動後 WE 群, NE 群 및 FE 群 모두 증가했으며, 이로서 NE 群은 4분에 WE 群보다 낮았고 N 群보다는 높았으며, FE 群은 F 群보다 높았다. 이상을 綜合해 볼때 에타놀이 直腸溫度를 감소시키고 皮膚溫度를 증가시키며, 이런 현상이 얼굴 붉은 群에서 더 크게 나타난 것은 에타놀에 의한 血管擴張과 休息中인 顔面 毛細管의 活性等이 얼굴 붉은 群에서 더 顯著함을 의미하고, 運動으로 體溫이 증가한 것은 運動中 代謝가 旺盛하여 熱生産이 증가된 것을 의미한다. 또한 血壓은 運動負荷後 급증하였고, 心博數는 얼굴 붉은 群에서 에타놀 投與 및 運動後에 안 붉은 群에 비해 크게 높은 값을 보였다. The facial flush associated with ethanol ingestion is believed to be more prominent among the oriental people than the caucasian population, and is attributed to the total lack or a considerable decrease of the liver aldehyde dehydrogenase level. However, a little has been reported on the change of the body temperature, including the facial skin temperature, which may lead to some cluses as to the redistribution of blood to the surface areas of the body. In the present study, an effort was directed to elucidate the possible change of the body temperature including the rectal and some surface areas of the body in men showing facial flush following acute ethanol ingestion. Also physical exercise was combined with ethanol ingestion and the change of the body temperature was compared with the non-flushed subjects either with ethanol ingestion or exercise alone. Fifty-five healthy male college students were randomly selected for the study and after 6 or more hours of fasting, either 3 ml of 25% ethanol(Soju) per liter of total body water(Experimental group) or the same dose of water(control group) was administered. Exercise performed was the vertical jumping on a rebounder for 3 min immediately after drinking. The subjects were classified into 6 groups; i, e, water ingestion(W), flushed(F) and non-flushed(N) groups after ethanol ingestion, water ingestion and exercise(WE), flushed(FE) and non-flushed(N) groups after ethanol ingestion, water ingestion and exercise(WE), flushed(FE) and non-flushed(NE) groups after ethanol ingestion and exercise. The telethermometer 44TA by the Yellow Spring Instrument Co. was used for the measurement of temperature, and the rectal, thigh skin, forehead skin, cheek skin and neck skin temperature was measured. The systolic and diastolic peessure as well as heart rate also were recorded. The rectal temperature both in flushed(F) and non-flushed(N) groups were lowered comparing with the water ingested control, and WE group showed elevated rectal temperature while NE group showed lowered values at 40, 60 and 120 min after the exercise. The FE group showed a higher rectal temperature at 10 min but decreased values were obtained at 45 and 60 min after the exercise. The thigh skin temperature in N group showed little change but F, NE and FE groups all showed elevated values comparing with the control. The forehead skin temperature in N group showed elevated values at 30, 45, 60 and 90 min after ethanol ingestion, and F group increased temperature at 45 min comparing with W group. After the exercise, both WE and NE groups showed lowered values while FE group showed increased value. NE group showed decreased value at 4 min after the exercise comparing with N group while FE group at 10 min showed a higher value than WE group. The cheek skin temperature in F group was generally higher than W group throughout the experiment. After the exercise, WE group showed a higher value at 20 min while NE group showed decreased value at 40, 90 and 120 min whereas FE group showed higher values from 10 min through 120 min. The neck skin temperature both in N and F groups showed elevated values after ethanol ingestion comparing with the control. WE and NE groups showed generally lowered neck skin temperature after the exercise while FE group showed elevated values at 20 and 60 min after the exercise. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure were generally elevated in all the groups, and FE group in particular showed higher values at 4 min which was also higher than F group. From the above, it is concluded that ethanol ingestion results in the decrease of the rectal temperature and increase of the skin temperature. The above-mentioned phenomena are more prominent in the flushed group, which suggests that the dilatation of the peripheral blood vessels and the activation on the dormant facial capillaries are more marked in the flushed subejcts. The general elevation of the body temperature after the exercise may be the result of the enhanced general metabolism leading to the increased production of bodily heat.

The Impacts of Exercise-Intervention on the Prevention and Treatment of Some Types of Cancer

( Han Kyo Seo ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2021 운동과학 Vol.30 No.1

Cancer is a disease affecting millions of people and one of the primary causes of death worldwide like cardiovascular diseases. Nonpharmacological and nonoperative methods such as proper exercise-intervention, nutrition, maintaining the activity of daily living (ADL), psychological methods can also improve the physical function, cancer progression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However it is extremely important, little light shed on the impacts of exercise-intervention on cancer prevention and treatments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the impacts of nonpharmaceutical approaches such as diverse exercise-intervention on cancer prevention and treatments with psychological and physiological health for cancer patients. Moreover, this paper wants to combine knowledge regarding the many experimental papers and systemic reviews of cancer researches and exercise intervention liter-ature. A meta-analysis and systemic reviews of the impacts of an exercise intervention on cancer prevention and treatments were conducted to the PRISMA guidelines. 20 research articles were selected for final inclusion and extraction. And electronic analysis such as PubMed, Google scholar was carried for this study up to May 2020. The search keyword was ‘exercise-intervention and cancer’. We can suggest that physical exercise-intervention might be a suitable combination partner to exercise-related immune therapy in the prevention, delay, and treatment of cancer patients. Moreover, physical exercise-intervention directly enhances the QOL, ADL, healthy life, and even resilience of cancer patients. Therefore, these exercise interventions can be effective at reducing cancer symptoms, and enhancing cancer treatments for diverse and many cancer patients. Reversing low muscle mass can enhance cancer therapy outcomes and mortality. Nutrition strategies also might be helpful. A Follow-up study about specific high-quality tailoring exercise-intervention program on counteracting cancer symptoms, cancer prevention and treatment, physiological and psychological health and HRQOL is urgently needed in this area.

트레드밀 운동이 도파민 투여 MPTP-파킨슨 모델 쥐의 p-JNK pathway, 해마 치상회의 GDNF 발현 및 운동기능에 미치는 영향

박재성(Park Jae-Sung),윤성진(Yoon Sung-Jin) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Exercise is considered to improve motor function and emotional benefits in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, it is not clear if clinical improvements are due to neuronal alterations within the affected nigrostriatal region or a result from a more general effect of exercise on affect and motivation. In previous study, we found that treadmill exercise down regulate the alpha-synuclein in the brain of mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. But still we don’t know about the interaction effect between dopaminergic medicine(L-Dopa) and exercise. The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of treadmill exercise and dopaminergic medicine(L-Dopa) on nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in MPTP induced mouse model of Parkinson Disease. The results of this study were summarized as follows: (1) Treadmill exercise decreased synphilin expression levels in substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP-induced parkinson’s disease model. (2) Treadmill exercise inhibits decrease of cell numbers in substantia nigra and striatum. (3) Treadmill exercise group’s p-JNK expression level is more lower than sedentary group in subtantia nigra. This means exercise inhibits apoptosis in the brain and induce the cell survival in the brain. (4) Treadmill exercise increase GDNF expression levels in dentate gyrus rather than sedentary group. (5) Treadmill exercise increase GDNF expression levels in hippocampus rather than sedentary group. This result(increase of GDNF expression in hippocampus and dentate gyrus) means treadmill exercise profitable for the memory and learning problem also disorientation. The results of this study suggest that treadmill exercise partially prevented dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal region of the Parkinson’s Disease model, and this effects were may offer a potential therapeutic adjunct to current Parkinson’s Disease therapies in the future.

운동유발성 횡문근융해증의 이해

전용균,김정우 한국웰니스학회 2019 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to help understanding of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis in Korea based on review of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis in Kim Kyoung-woo et al., (2016), Kim Ju-young and Lee Joo-hyung (2010) Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis is a biochemical syndrome that causes fatal acute diseases in which muscular necrosis occurs as a result of exercise, resulting in the release of various inflammatory cells in the muscle cells due to rhabdomyolysis. The common complaints of domestic motility rhabdomyolysis patients were slight edema and complain of myalgia. Urinalysis showed occult blood, protein and brown urine. In addition, a small amount of water intake of about 100ml of water intake during exercise, regardless of the exercise time, exercise intensity (RPE) was 17 to 20 high-intensity exercise. Therefore, systematic exercise method and proper exercise intensity are important for prevention through domestic exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis cases. Also, exercise preparation, exercise, rest, environment, nutrition, sleep and sufficient water intake are caused by excessive exercise Injuries and muscle diseases that can be prevented are expected to be prevented. 이 연구는 이미 김경우 등(2016)과 김주영, 이주형(2010)의 선행연구에서 운동유발성 횡문근융해증의 대한 리뷰를 토대로 국내의 운동유발성 횡문근융해증의 이해를 돕고자하는데 목적이 있다. 운동유발성 횡문근융해증은 운동으로 인해 횡문근 섬유 손상에 의해 근세포 내 여러 물질이 혈장 내로 유리되면서 근육이 괴사하는 치명적 급성질환을 일으키는 생화학적 증후군이다. 국내 운동성 횡문근융해증 사례자들의 공통점은 약간의 부종이 나타났고, 근육통을 호소하였으며, 소변 검사상 잠혈과 단백 그리고 갈색 소변이 검출되었다. 또한 운동시 수분섭취가 100ml 정도의 적은 수분섭취를 하였으며, 운동의 시간과 관계없이 운동강도(자각도)의 경우 17~ 20으로 고강도 운동이었다는 것이다. 따라서 국내 운동유발성 횡문근융해증사례를 통한 예방을 위해서는 체계적인 운동방법과 적정한 운동강도가 중요시 되며, 또한 운동 시 준비운동, 정리운동, 휴식, 환경, 영양섭취, 수면과 충분한 수분섭취는 과도한 운동으로 유발될 수 있는 상해 및 근질환을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

정리운동이 부교감신경 재활성화에 미치는 영향

이희혁(Lee, Hee-Hyuk) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Cardiac autonomic balance is altered after exercise. However the impact of the cool-down exercise in this response remains unclear. Our objective is to assess the influence of cool-down exercise on parasympathetic reactivation following exercise. On four occasions, six young(22.4 ±.9 years) healthy males performed, in random order, sub-maximal cycling bouts, each followed by 10 min of recovery period: sitting complete rest, cool-down pedaling with loadless, cool-down pedaling with 30% of work load, and cool-down pedaling with diminishing loads. Electrocardiogram data were collected during 5 min periods in the sitting position, at rest before exercise then at 10 min following cessation of exercise. Parasympathetic reactivation was assessed from heart rate variability(HRV) indices. HRV analysis was performed to obtain time-domain measures [standard deviation of the node to node intervals(SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD)] and frequency-domain measures [normalized LF and HF power and total power(TP)]. Heart rate following cooling-down exercises was significantly lower than the corresponding heart rate without cool-down exercise(p=.05). Analysis of heart rate variability revealed a significant increase in parasympathetic measures after cool-down exercise, as compared to complete rest without cool-down exercise(p=.05), and there was no significant differences among the three cool-down exercises. These results suggest that cool-down exercise may be effective in enhancing cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following endurance exercise.

Effects of an Off-Site Walking Program on Fibrinogen and Exercise Energy Expenditure in Women

Fumiko Furukawa,Keiko Kazuma,Michiyo Kojima,Reizo Kusukawa 한국간호과학회 2008 Asian Nursing Research Vol.2 No.1

Purpose Increased fibrinogen levels may trigger cardiac events in patients with atherosclerosis. Early control of fibrinogen levels before the progression of atherosclerosis that occurs with aging and menopause may benefit women, but the effects of exercise on fibrinogen levels as a preventive value have not been examined in early to middle adulthood women with lack of regular exercise. The present study aims to identify the effect of an off-site walking-based exercise program on fibrinogen levels in such women. Methods A prospective, 12-week, randomized and controlled study was used. Fifty-two women aged 32 to 57 years who did not exercise regularly or exercised with a weak intensity level were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG, n = 26) or a control group (CG, n = 26) for a 12-week study. Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) was measured using a microelectronic device. Fibrinogen levels were assessed using the clotting time method before and after the exercise program. Results The mean change from baseline EEE was 1.17 ± 0.98 kcal/kg/day in IG subjects (n = 24) and 0.46 ± 0.68 kcal/kg/day in CG subjects (n = 25), a 30% difference between groups (p = .01). The mean change in fibrinogen levels was –8.0 ± 34.5 mg/dl (3% decrease) in IG subjects (n = 24) and –3.6 ± 40.0 mg/dl (1% decrease) in CG subjects (n = 25). No significant difference in fibrinogen levels was seen between groups (F = 1.179, p = .279). Conclusion EEE increased significantly, but fibrinogen levels did not decrease significantly. The effects of a 12-week off-site walking program on fibrinogen levels were inconclusive. As implications for nursing practice, our findings have suggested fibrinogen levels are not a novel cardiovascular risk factor any more, and provide important information on safe exercise to minimize adverse effects from fibrinogen arising from exercise intensity, especially in women with advanced atherosclerosis when nurses increase exercise intensity levels. Further studies with larger sample sizes in women to confirm the effect of exercise on reducing fibrinogen levels are necessary. [Asian Nursing Research 2008;2(1):35–45] Purpose Increased fibrinogen levels may trigger cardiac events in patients with atherosclerosis. Early control of fibrinogen levels before the progression of atherosclerosis that occurs with aging and menopause may benefit women, but the effects of exercise on fibrinogen levels as a preventive value have not been examined in early to middle adulthood women with lack of regular exercise. The present study aims to identify the effect of an off-site walking-based exercise program on fibrinogen levels in such women. Methods A prospective, 12-week, randomized and controlled study was used. Fifty-two women aged 32 to 57 years who did not exercise regularly or exercised with a weak intensity level were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG, n = 26) or a control group (CG, n = 26) for a 12-week study. Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) was measured using a microelectronic device. Fibrinogen levels were assessed using the clotting time method before and after the exercise program. Results The mean change from baseline EEE was 1.17 ± 0.98 kcal/kg/day in IG subjects (n = 24) and 0.46 ± 0.68 kcal/kg/day in CG subjects (n = 25), a 30% difference between groups (p = .01). The mean change in fibrinogen levels was –8.0 ± 34.5 mg/dl (3% decrease) in IG subjects (n = 24) and –3.6 ± 40.0 mg/dl (1% decrease) in CG subjects (n = 25). No significant difference in fibrinogen levels was seen between groups (F = 1.179, p = .279). Conclusion EEE increased significantly, but fibrinogen levels did not decrease significantly. The effects of a 12-week off-site walking program on fibrinogen levels were inconclusive. As implications for nursing practice, our findings have suggested fibrinogen levels are not a novel cardiovascular risk factor any more, and provide important information on safe exercise to minimize adverse effects from fibrinogen arising from exercise intensity, especially in women with advanced atherosclerosis when nurses increase exercise intensity levels. Further studies with larger sample sizes in women to confirm the effect of exercise on reducing fibrinogen levels are necessary. [Asian Nursing Research 2008;2(1):35–45]

Cardiac proteome underpins differential adaptation to morning or evening exercise training

( Dae Yun Seo ),( Hyo-bum Kwak ),( Robin A Mcgregor ),( Hyoung Kyu Kim ),( Jin Han ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: Circadian related changes in the cardiac proteome may underlie differential cardiac adaptation to morning or evening exercise training. Global proteome changes underpin adaptations to exercise training, which is a potent stimulus to improve cardiovascular health, but the impact of time-of-day on exercise-induced cardiac adaptation is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of morning or evening exercise training on the cardiac proteome and cardiovascular adaptations. Method: Eight weeks old Sprague Dawley rats underwent either morning (ME) or evening exercise (EE) with treadmill running, 60 min/day, 5 days/week for twelve weeks compared to non-exercise trained controls (MC and EC). Differences in body weight, organ weight and cardiac function were assessed. Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS was used for quantification of differences in the global cardiac proteome. Result: Exercise training decreased body weight, but cardiac mass was not significantly different between groups trained in the morning or evening. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly higher in the morning compared to evening exercise trained rats (p<0.05). Global proteomics identified 1647 proteins in the heart. Of these 194 proteins showed circadian regulation. We identified 826 proteins that were commonly or divergently modulated by exercise training regardless of time of day. However, 278 and 188 proteins were modulated only by morning exercise training or only by evening exercise training respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed differentially modulated proteins were involved a range of molecular pathways including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium signaling. Conclusion: Cardiac adaptations appear to be greater in response to morning rather than evening exercise training.

운동과 암: 예방에서 치료까지?

서한교,곽이섭 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2020 체육과학연구 Vol.31 No.4

[Purpose] The valuable impacts of exercise-intervention in diverse type of cancer patients were rationally well-prescribed, though many experimental and review researches already performed in this fields. Generally, cancer-related fatigue and pain remains one of the most prevalent problems for cancer populations. Therefore, exercise has become increasingly significant in cancer prevention and progression. The purpose of this recent study was to analyze the combined exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, pain, quality of life and cancer prognosis in diverse type of cancer patients. This study analyses the safety and feasibility of exercise intervention in diverse stages of cancer patients such as early stage, advanced stage and even metastatic periods in cancer populations. we also wanted to know the impacts of dose-response trial of aerobic and resistance exercise on quality of life in cancer survivors. [Methods] we conducted a comprehensive PubMed/MEDILINE electronic database from Jan 2015 to August 2020. The reference lists of eligible experimental research articles and relevant systemic review articles were checked. Inclusion criteria were adult cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials performing well-tailored exercise intervention programs to diverse type of cancer patients, Using predefined search items ‘exercise-intervention, cancer & immunology’. Based on reference search, more than 100 articles were identified whereas 30 research papers met the inclusion criteria and were well connected with exercise-intervention and cancer progression. we analyzed the connections between physical exercise and cancer intervention in the main text. [Results] Moderate to vigorous exercise (aerobic and resistance exercise) revealed to decreased level of cancer-related fatigue, pain, and cancer-related symptoms, however increased level of sleep quality, activities of daily living, exercise performance and health- related quality of life. Exercise intervention reduced pro-inflammatory markers and oxidative stress as well as insomnia, fatigue, pain symptoms whereas it enhanced the antioxidant systems and immune functions. In addition, home-based aerobic physical exercise might enhance muscular strength and quality of life in many types of cancer survivors. Psychological intervention also effective for reducing cancer-related fatigue and pain during and after cancer treatment. they might be the much better intervention than available pharmaceutical options. we believe that it is the related mechanisms of immune cell mobilization and activation such as NK cells which is induced by the activation of sympathetic system during and after physical exercise. [Conclusion] According to the aforementioned results, it was concluded that implementation of exercise intervention appear to be the best non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer populations, and also revealed to be safe and feasible in early and advanced stages, although not in the metastatic periods. Sometimes, psychological intervention such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) might be useful in reducing anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain and enhancing quality of life, quality of sleep for cancer populations. we can conclude, exercise-intervention might not just be prevention effect but might be therapeutics, however more studies are urgently needed to confirm the exercise intervention on the NK-receptors activation and immune connection of cancer populations. [목적] 본 연구는 일반적으로 많이 발생하는 여러 암에 대해서 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 안전하고도 비 약물적이며, 비 침습적인 방법 중 하나인 운동활동과 복합적인 운동중재가 암의 예방, 진행 및 예후에 미치는 효과를 다양한 실험적 연구 및 메타분석 리뷰 연구들을 종합적으로 분석하고, 여러 암에 대한 운동중재 분석결과를 기전적인 측면에서 제시하고자 한다. [방법] 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 전자저널인 Pub Med/Medline, 전자저널 database를 이용하여 2015년도 1월부터 2020년 8월까지 ‘EXERCISE & CANCER & IMMUNITY’ 등의 키워드로 검색한 후 본 연구주제와 적합한 논문들을 검색 및 분석한 후 본 연구를 수행하였다. [결과] 이 연구에서 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구결과 운동중재는 다양한 암환자들의 암의 초기나 중기 혹은 말기, 및 치료시기 등의 다양한 시기에 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 하지만 암의 전이 시기에는 다른 부작용이 발생할 수 있어 운동 중재 시 주의를 기울여야 하며, 개인별 차이를 고려하여 다른 복합 처치에 대하여 반영해야 한다. 본 연구결과 암환자에게 운동중재 효과에 관한 기전적인 근거는 운동활동에 따른 교감신경계의 활성화가 심혈관 기능의 개선, 인체 대사율의 증가, 면역세포들의 활성화를 도모하여 면역력을 증가시키기 때문으로 나타났으며, 운동중재가 암으로 인해 발생하는 활성산소들을 효율적으로 제거하는 효과와 이로 인한 피로믈질의 제거가 효율적이기 때문으로 항산화 시스템의 개선으로 인한 만성적인 염증감소 때문으로 분석된다. 특히 운동활동으로 인한 혈관기능 개선과 심혈관 기능의 향상은 감소된 운동능력을 회복시키며, 피로와 통증을 개선하는 효과가 있는 것이다. 그리고 여성에게 흔한 유방암의 경우에는 다른 종류의 암에 비해 운동중재의 효과가 상당하며, 다만 암의 전이시기에는 운동 시 부작용이 발생하지 않도록 개인별 주의를 기울여야 한다. 남성에게 호발하는 전립선암의 경우 역시 상당한 운동효과가 있는 것으로 보고되었고, 이 경우 호르몬 치료에 대한 부작용이 있으므로 육류나 포화지방 섭취를 줄이고 야채와 과일이 풍부한 식단을 함께 병행해야 하며 무엇보다 근력증가 운동이 필수적이다. [결론] 본 종설을 진행한 결과, 운동중재는 거의 모든 암에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 암의 초기, 중기, 말기 및 여러 치료시기 등에서 효과적이며 다양한 종류의 복합적인 운동이 권장되고 운동의 강도는 수행할 수 있을 정도로 적당하게 높은 강도의 운동을 자주 하는 것이 요구된다. 다만 암의 전이시기에는 또 다른 운동 부작용이 발생할 수 있으므로 주의를 기울여야 한다. 추후 면역학적인 측면에서 운동과 암에 관한 다양한 운동 활동 및 중재를 통한 NK세포 수용기들의 활성화나 비활성화에 대한 연구를 통하여 운동중재에 관한 암의 예방 및 치료효과와 운동중재의 면역감시 활성화에 관한 심도 있는 연구가 필요한 실정에 있다. 그리고 암에 대한 운동중재에 관한 다 차원적인 메타 연구가 절실히 필요한 것으로 사료된다.