Smart waste 및 환경정보 제공을 위한 주민참여형 애플리케이션 활용 연구

이소라 ( Sora Yi ),임혜숙 ( Hyesook Lim ),이정민 ( Jeongmin Lee ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2017 한국환경정책평가연구원 기초연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.-

기존의 단순 폐기 처리되던 폐기물인 waste는 스마트 정보통신의 활용으로 위치나 다양한 특성 정보를 부여받음으로써 ‘Smart waste’로 전환되어 관리될 수 있다. Smart waste로의 전환으로 폐자원들의 효율적인 관리가 가능하고, 주민이 직접 참여하는 자원순환 문화 조성이 가능할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 자원순환 및 환경정보 제공을 위한 애플리케이션의 동향을 분석하고, 애플리케이션 및 웹사이트 사용자 분석을 통한 개선 방안을 도출하였다. 또한 실시간 빅데이터 구축을 활용한 공공기관 정보 플랫폼 연계 방안을 검토하고, 주민 참여 및 애플리케이션·웹사이트 활용성 확대 방안을 검토하였다. 다양한 환경정보의 제공과 주민들의 참여확대는 환경정책의 효율성을 향상할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 선행연구에서는 ① 폐기물 관리에서 모바일 애플리케이션 활용 연구, ② 모바일 애플리케이션에서 제공하는 환경정보와 개선 방안 연구, ③ 애플리케이션 실제 활용도 조사 연구 ④ 정보의 제공과 이로 인한 사용자 행동변화 연구, ⑤ 사용자 맞춤형 정보 서비스 제공 방안에 대한 연구 등 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 또한 스마트 정보통신을 이용한 환경정보 활용 사례는 자원순환 또는 환경정보 관련 애플리케이션 사례, 환경활동 주민참여 사례 등으로 분류하여 파악하였다. 애플리케이션은 크게 ① 정보제공형, ② 민원해결형, ③ 인센티브형, ④ 창작 활동형으로 분류하고 각각의 사례를 조사하였다. 주민참여 활동으로는 ① 기후변화방지를 위한 캠페인, ② 우리 동네의 환경문제 찾기, ③ 사물인터넷 활용 분리수거함의 이용, ④인공지능 활용 쓰레기통의 이용에 대하여 각각 사례를 분석하였다. 환경정보 활용에 관한 사용자 분석을 위하여 150인을 대상으로 애플리케이션 및 웹사이트에 대한 설문조사를 수행하였다. 사용자 경험을 평가하기 위하여 허니콤 모델을 선정하였으며, 환경정보의 특성을 감안하여 총 5가지 측면(유용성, 사용성, 가치성, 접근성, 검색성)의 평가요소를 선정하였다. 또한 환경정보로서 애플리케이션이나 웹사이트에서 제공받고 싶은 분야 및 분야별(자원순환·수질·대기질)로 제공받고 싶은 콘텐츠를 조사하였다. 설문조사 결과, 전체 응답자의 47.3%는 애플리케이션 혹은 웹사이트를 활용한 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 기존 애플리케이션 또는 웹사이트 사용자 경험 평가에서 88.7%가 유용하다고 응답하였으며, 78.9%가 사용하기 편리하다고 응답하였다. 70.4%는 정보를 검색하는 과정이 편리하다고 응답하였으며, 80.3%가 서비스를 쉽게 찾을 수 있는 접근성이 있다고 응답하였다. 서비스를 지속적으로 활용할 의사에 대해서는 84.5%가 긍정적인 응답을 하여 기존에 이용한 애플리케이션 또는 웹사이트의 가치성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 한편 환경정보 관련 애플리케이션이나 웹사이트의 미활용자(전체응답자의 52.7%)의 86.1%는 서비스 제공 사실을 몰라서 활용 경험이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 조사에서 응답자들은 향후 제공받고 싶은 애플리케이션 환경정보로 대기질(62.7%), 자원순환(19.3%), 수질(14.7%) 분야의 순으로 응답했으며, 웹사이트 환경정보로 대기질(48.0%), 자원순환(24.0%), 수질(22.7%) 분야의 순으로 제공받기를 원했다. 이러한 설문조사 결과는 애플리케이션 및 웹서비스의 콘텐츠 및 대시보드 구성 방안에도 활용되었다. 실시간 빅데이터 구축을 통한 공공기관 정보 플랫폼 연계 방안을 검토하기 위하여 스마트 도시폐기물 관리 사례와 실시간 정보 제공형 대시보드 운영 사례를 분석하였다. 서울특별시와 고양시에서는 태양광 압축 쓰레기통 등을 설치하고 이를 클린시티 네트워크(CCN: Clean City Network)를 통하여 실시간으로 모니터링하고 있다. 이러한 쓰레기통에는 통신모듈이 설치되어 있어 쓰레기통이 차거나 특별한 사항이 발생하면 서버와 통신하여 관리자에게 관련사항이 전송된다. 현재 웹사이트 기반 플랫폼 연계 애플리케이션 운영 방식은 실시간 운영 현황이 데이터로 송신 및 송출은 가능하나 실시간 빅데이터로 구축되지는 않은 것으로 조사되었다. 대시보드 운영 현황으로는 영국 및 미국 EPA의 사례를 살펴보았다. 영국에서는 기상·대기오염정보 등을 제공하고 있었으며, 미국 EPA에서는 유해폐기물 관련 현황과 성과에 대한 대시보드를 운영 중인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구내용을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 자원순환·수질·대기질 분야에 대한 애플리케이션과 웹사이트의 콘텐츠 구축 방안을 각각 제시하였다. 또한 사용자 경험 평가 결과를 바탕으로 나타난 우선순위별 애플리케이션·웹사이트 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 그리고 주민참여 확대를 위한 방안을 ① 홍보 확대, ② 주민보상 강화, ③ 쉬운 서비스 접근 및 활용, ④제도 개선 등으로 나누어 제시하였다. 애플리케이션 개발 콘텐츠 및 빅데이터 연계 운영 방안을 검토한 결과, 사용자는 실시간· 위치기반 정보를 제공하고, 정부와 지자체는 이를 빅데이터로 구축·활용할 수 있으며, 민간기업은 경제적 인센티브를 제공하고 홍보하는 것으로서 참여할 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서는 환경정보 제공형 대시보드의 구축 방안을 검토하였다. 기존의 사례에서 검토된 기상정보 외에 자원순환·수질·대기 분야 등의 정보를 함께 제공할 수 있으며, 정보 제공에 필요한 자료들은 기상청, 환경부, 실시간수질정보시스템, 에어코리아 등과 연계할 수 있을 것이다. Waste, which has been simply disposed of so far, can be managed as 'smart waste' by tagging information on its location and characteristics using the smart information communication technology. By converting waste into smart waste, it becomes possible to manage waste resources efficiently and to create a resource circulation culture that can involve the direct participation of the residents. This study explores the applicability of the smart waste technology in Korea by analyzing the trend in mobile applications related to resource circulation and environmental information, and proposes strategies to improve contents and usage of the domestic environment-related applications and websites based on a user experience survey. In extension, the study explores the possibility of building and utilizing real-time big data in connection to the multiple platforms operated by the public institutions and the strategies to increase users and user participation on the mobile and web-based platforms. The study anticipates that the greater availability of environmental information and active user participation will improve the efficiency of the environmental policies. Previous literature has studied the use of environment-related mobile applications from various perspectives, such as 1) the use of mobile apps for waste management, 2) the contents of these mobile apps and measures for improvement, 3) the usage and utility of the mobile apps, 4) the effects of the higher access to environmental information through the mobile apps on user behavior and 5) the methods for improving the selective search and extraction of environmental information on these platforms. In addition to a literature review, this study presents case studies on how the environmental information provided through smart technology have been utilized in terms of mobile applications for resource circulation and environmental information, and the use of mobile and web-based platforms to induce participation in environmental activities. In doing so, the study categorize the mobile applications for resource circulation and environmental information into four types (information-sharing, complaint-resolving, incentive and creative activity) and presents examples for each application type. The case studies presented for the promotion of environmental activity participation include: 1) the “350 Campaign for Mitigating Climate Change”, 2) the “Environmental Issues in My Neighborhood” campaign, 3) the recycling campaign using Internet-of-Things recycling boxes and 4) the installation of artificial intelligence garbage cans for cans and PET bottles. The user experience survey conducted in this study aims to analyze the user behavior in utilizing the environmental information provided by existing environment-related mobile applications. The survey conducted 150 respondents, and the honeycomb model was used to evaluate the user experience based on five factors (useful, usable, findable, accessible and valuable) that reflect the characteristics of environmental information. The survey also included a questionnaire on the environment information contents of which the respondents wish to see on environment-related applications and websites in terms of their field of interest and specific contents related to resource circulation, water quality and air quality. The survey results show that only 47.3% of the respondents experienced using existing applications or websites. 88.7% of the users felt that existing applications and websites were useful and 78.9% replied that they were easy to use. 70.4% of the respondents thought that it was easy to search for information and 80.3% responded that the applications and websites provide easy access to services. 84.5% showed the intention to use the service in the future, implying that the application or website they use has high value. On the other hand, it was found that 52.7% of the respondents had no experience using environment-related applications or websites, and the predominant reason that prevented them from using the platforms was the lack of knowledge about the service (86.1%). Also, when asked to choose the environmental information they wish to receive through the mobile application, the respondents favored air quality the most (62.7%), then resource circulation (19.3%) and water quality (14.7%); and the preference found for websites was also in the order of air quality (48.0%), resource circulation (24.0%) and water quality (22.7%). The survey results were used as a reference in our proposal for improving the contents of the mobile applications and websites and the operation of dashboards presented in this study. In reviewing the possibility of building and using real-time big data in connection to the existing platforms of public institutions, the study performs case studies on smart city waste management and the operation of dashboards that provide real-time information. Seoul Metropolitan City and Goyang City have installed solar photovoltaic waste bins and have been monitoring them in real-time through a platform called the Clean City Network (CCN). The bins are equipped with a communication module which allow server to alert the manager when the bins are full or at the occurrence of any irregular events. The study finds that although such applications or web-based platforms are able to send or receive real-time information, they do not build real-time big data. Regarding dashboards, the cases of the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) are presented in this study. In the UK, dashboards are utilized to provide weather and air pollution information, and the US EPA operates a dashboard that provides real-time information on the hazardous waste. Based on the analyses and case studies conducted, the study presents separate proposals for developing environment-related applications by application type and web-platforms for providing information on resource circulation, water quality and air quality, and suggests strategies to promote the active utilization of environment-related applications and websites. Also, the study elaborates the suggestions for increasing users and user involvement on these platforms, which include 1) greater public relations and promotional efforts, 2) higher incentive for residents, 3) greater accessibility and usability of the services and 4) improvements in related regulations and institutional systems. From our evaluation of the possible construction of real-time big data that connects to the existing platforms, the study suggests that it is possible to create a system that users provide the real-time and location-based information by complying with big data from central and local governments. The participating private sector provides economic incentives for user participation and promoting the applications. Lastly, the study suggests a plan for an environmental information dashboard. In addition to providing weather information as in our case study, the study proposes that the dashboard also includes information on resource circulation, water quality and air quality by linking with the Korea Meteorological Administration, the Ministry of Environment, real-time water quality information system and Air Korea for the necessary data.

The Effect of the Fit between Perceived Environmental Uncertainty and Strategic Applications of Information Systems on the Firm’s Performance

최종민 한국경영교육학회 2022 경영교육연구 Vol.37 No.1

[Purpose]This study empirically investigated the fit relationships among perceived environmental uncertainty(PEUN), strategic applications levels of information systems(IS), and facilitators of IS strategic alignment. We also examined the differences in organizational performance according to the degrees of fit. We demonstrate the appropriate levels or degrees of the strategic applications of IS and the conditions of alignment facilitators under the high or low states of PEUN. [Methodology]For the study, 105 sample firms’ data were collected form Korean manufacturing firms listed on the stock market. Cluster analysis was employed as the main analytical tool. [Findings]According to the results of this study, PEUN has an indirect relationships with the strategic applications level of IS through the facilitators of alignment. The results showed that under uncertain environment, the high level of strategic applications with the well-arranged facilitators of alignment can contribute more to the improvement of performance than in the less uncertain or stable environment. Therefore, the benefits of the high level of strategic applications can be realized in the competitive and uncertain environment. The empirical results also suggested that the high levels of strategic applications of IS is combined with the high degrees of the facilitators of IS strategic alignment. [Implications]The results of this study present that the competitive advantages of the strategic IS applications are realized under the uncertain and competitive environments. However, though the environment is stable(low PEUN), the excessively low level of strategic applications may decrease the firm’s performance. Accordingly, a firm must recognize the states of external environments, and develop and obtain the appropriate degrees of the strategic applications of IS.

국제환경법상 오염자부담원칙의 우리나라 환경법에의 수용

박병도 ( Byung Do Park ) 한국환경법학회 2012 環境法 硏究 Vol.34 No.1

Incorporation of Polluter-Pays Principle in International Environmental Law into Korean Environmental Law Park, Byung Do The contemporary idea of the polluter pays principle(PPP) was development by the OECD in preparation for the Stockholm Conference in the same year. The definition by the OECD enlightens not only the fundamentally economic nature of the principle but also emphasizes the adoption of free market private incentives in opposition to governmental subsidies for the protection of the environment. This principle is based on the idea of ubi emolumentum, ibi onus(the one who takes the advantages of action shall bear the disadvantages related to it). PPP also serve to make the polluter liable for costs that could not have been avoided through preventive measures. PPP is an internationally recognized environmental policy principle. However, to implement the principle is not without problems. This paper is taking account of the polluter-pays principle as a general principle of international environmental law. Now there are many international environmental conventions(multilateral environmental treaties). Contracting Parties shall apply the polluter-pays principle, by virtue of which the costs of pollution prevention, control and reduction measures are to be borne by the polluter. In this paper, I analyze firstly one of the general principles of international environmental law, the concept of polluter pays principle related to pollution, specifically information and its legal effects, etc. And this article focus on this proactive pollution pays principle can be applied directly in this country that has a direct effect or whether to also analyze the report, based on this principle of international environmental law on the burden of pollution of the environment-related legislation currently in Korea Environmental Laws what exactly is being implemented that reflect the acceptance or will be discussed. In this paper, effective implementation of international environmental law in terms of domestic application and respect of international law principles of legal theory and pollution burden of domestic environmental laws is to analyze the status of acceptance. The purpose of this paper is the foundation of international environmental law norms that make up the environmental management polluter pays principle applies to domestic issues and the principles of environment-related legislation in the country, reflected in any content, or to seek opportunities that are housed.

ICT 발전트렌드에 대응하는 공간정보의 환경이슈 적용 체계 구축 : 빅데이터 분석과 위성영상 활용을 중심으로

이명진 ( Moung-jin Lee ),이정호 ( Jeongho Lee ),윤정호,심창섭,김근한,채성호,이선민 한국환경정책평가연구원 2017 기본연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.-

본 연구는 다양한 환경공간정보 중 위성영상을 중심으로 최근 주요 이슈가 되는 ICT(Information and Communication Technology) 기술 융합을 통하여 해외 선진 사례와 국내 주요 환경 이슈에 대응하는 시범연구를 수행하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 전년도 연구 성과를 통하여 위성영상이 환경공간정보 전체에서 가장 많이 활용되는 것을 분석하였다. 또한 국내외 위성영상의 특징을 분석하고, 환경 분야에서 활용되는 사례를 고찰하였다. 더불어 해외 선진 사례 중 실제 위성영상과 ICT 기술을 융합한 사례(토양수분 변화 분석을 통한 가뭄 감지)를 국내에 적용하기 위하여 적용할 수 있는 기술지도를 작성하고, 이를 바탕으로 시범연구(전북지역)를 수행하였다. 전년도 연구 결과를 통하여 피력한 바와 같이 최근 다양한 환경이슈의 해결을 위하여 실질적인 도구로서 위성영상의 활용이 두드러지고 있으며, 이에 정밀 지구관측을 통한 환경문제 대응을 위하여 우리나라는 2020년까지 총 8대 이상의 위성을 운용할 예정이다. 이러한 기조에서 위성영상의 환경공간정보와 ICT 기술의 융합·활용이라는 연구주제의 기술적 특성을 고려하여, 지구관측 위성, 기상·해양·환경 위성, 정지궤도 환경위성으로 분류되는 위성영상 비교 분석 및 이기종 위성영상의 활용 사례 특히, 위성영상과 ICT 기술의 융합 활용의 해외실증 프로젝트 사례를 조사하였다. 더불어 빅데이터(Big Data) 분석 중 텍스트마이닝(Text Mining)을 활용하여 기존의 국내 위성영상의 활용 현황에서 보다 구체적으로 어떠한 위성영상이 주류로 활용되고 있는지, 시기별·분야별로 정밀 분석을 수행하여 이기종의 위성영상의 환경공간정보와 ICT 기술의 융합 활용을 통한 환경이슈 대응 방안을 실증적으로 검토하는 다면적인 분석을 시도하였다. 이를 기반으로 토양수분의 실질적 사례에 대한 위성영상과 ICT 기술 융합 활용의 기술적 체계인 기술지도를 작성하였으며, 기술지도 내용을 실질적으로 구현하기 위하여 연구지역을 선정하여 시범연구를 진행하였다. 위성영상을 활용한 관측 및 검증에 필요한 정보를 ICT 기반으로 연계하여 분석·활용하는 방안을 구현하였다. 추가적으로 향후 발전된 ICT 기술과 위성영상의 융합 활용에 대하여 재구성을 통한 활용 방안을 제시하였다. 현재 및 향후 환경 분야에 활용할 수 있는 국내외 위성영상의 특징을 분석하여 정리하였다. 지구관측 위성(아리랑 시리즈, Landsat 시리즈) 및 기상·해양·환경 위성(천리안 시리즈 등), 정지궤도 환경위성(TEMPO, 천리안-2B GEMS 등)으로 대분류하여 국내외 위성의 제원을 조사·정리하였다. 이기종 위성영상의 활용 사례 조사에서는 국내 지구관측(아리랑 시리즈) 위성, 기상·해양·환경(천리안 시리즈) 위성, 환경 주제도를 활용한 55건의 문헌을 대상으로 하였다. 국내지구관측 위성의 활용 사례는 수문학적 재난 등 총 15건, 국내 기상·해양·환경 위성의 활용사례는 토양수분 증발량에 관한 연구를 포함하여 총 18건, 환경 주제도의 활용 사례는 토양 침식계수 선정 등 총 22건이 조사되었다. 이와 같이 조사된 총 55건의 융합 활용 사례는 재난재해, 농업, 산림, 해양, 수질, 및 기후의 6개 분야로 구분되어 분석되었다. 국내의 대표적인 아리랑과 천리안 위성 사례 및 환경주제도 사례를 분석한 결과, 55건의 사례 중 약50%의 연구가 토양수분과 직·간접적인 연관이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 구체적으로 재난재해분야에서 14건 중 9건, 농업분야에서 7건 중 7건, 산림분야에서 8건 중 3건, 해양분야에서 3건 중 1건, 수질분야에서 17건 중 5건, 기후분야에서 6건 중 1건에서 토양수분과의 직·간접적인 연관성을 나타냈다. 이를 통해 국내 위성과 환경분야 주제도 중심의 융합 연구로서 토양수분에 대한 연구가 적합하다는 것을 제시하였다. 이를 기반으로 토양수분 관련 위성영상과 ICT 융합 활용 실증 사례를 조사하였다. 분석된 위성영상 및 ICT 융합 활용 해외 선진 사례는 ‘Afsis 프로젝트’, ‘WEAM4i 프로젝트’, 및 ‘ERMES 프로젝트’ 등이 해당된다. 각각의 사례에 대하여 위성영상과 ICT 기술이 토양수분의 환경이슈 부문에서 어떠한 기술적 역할을 담당하며 활용되는지 조사·정리하였다. 빅데이터를 활용한 이기종 위성영상 융합 활용 분석에서는 빅데이터 분석방법 중 비정형 데이터 및 자연어 분석방법인 텍스트마이닝 방법을 활용하였다. 이는 전년도에 개발한 R프로그램 기반의 텍스트마이닝 프로그램의 자체 개선을 통한 네트워크 분석으로 수행되었다. 기존의 국내 위성영상의 활용 현황에서 좀 더 구체적으로 어떠한 위성영상이 주류로 활용되고 있는지, 시기별·분야별로 정밀 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 이기종 위성영상 융합의 이론적 배경을 분석하였다. 이는 위성영상의 공간해상도, 분광해상도 및 시간해상도로 구분하여 융합 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 통하여 향후 이기종의 위성영상의 환경분야 융합 활용에서 기반이 되는 중심 분광 파장대역, 공간 해상도 등을 도출하였다. 이기종 위성영상의 융합 활용방안으로서 공간해상도가 좋은 지구관측 위성과 시간해상도가 좋은 기상·해양·환경 위성을 융합하여 보완 활용이 필요하며, 특히 향후 천리안 2B호에서 제공하는 300~500nm 파장대역에서 융합 활용할 수 있는 지구관측 위성의 활용이 필요하다. ICT 기술을 반영한 위성영상 중심의 환경공간정보 활용 재구성에서는 전술된 융합 활용방안을 토대로 토양수분의 실질적 환경이슈를 해결하는 방안을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 우선적으로 토양수분에 대한 위성영상 및 ICT 기술의 적용 및 활용 체계 구축을 기술지도 작성을 통하여 제시했으며, 이는 토양수분 관련 해외 실증 프로젝트(위성영상과 ICT 융합)의 국내 적용을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로 해외 실증 프로젝트의 1) 위성영상 이용 토양수분 정보 획득, 2) ICT 플랫폼 구축을 통한 외부데이터 연계, 3) 분석·활용 서비스 제공의 세 단계의 구성을 통한 토양수분 관련 위성영상 및 ICT 기술의 융합 활용을 국내에 적용하기 위한 기술체계를 구축하여 제시하였다. 기술지도 내용 중 국지적 토양수분 관측 및 ICT기반 외부데이터 연계를 통한 분석·활용하는 방안을 구현하기 위하여 실제 시범 연구지역을 선정하여 시범연구를 수행하였다. 최종적으로 위성영상 중심의 환경공간정보 및 ICT 기술을 융합하여 토양수분의 환경이슈를 해결하는 활용 방안을 토양수분 시공간 모니터링 시스템으로 재구성하여 제시하였다. 토양수분에 위성영상 및 ICT를 활용한 환경이슈 적용 체계는 우선적으로 지구관측 위성 및 환경관측 위성의 이기종 위성영상을 중심으로 기후·대기 관측정보, 토양수분 관련 실측자료 및 관련 주제도가 필요하다. 각각의 활용 가능한 환경공간정보는 한국항공우주연구원, 국가기상위성센터, 국가환경위성센터, 기상청, 농촌진흥청 및 KEI 등에서 생산 및 관리하고 있다. 이들 정보를 바탕으로 ICT 기술 중 ‘빅데이터 플랫폼’, ‘인공지능인지컴퓨팅’, ‘클라우드컴퓨팅’, ‘IoT(Internet of Things)’, ‘5G 유·무선 네트워크’의 기술을 활용하여 농업생산량 예측, 가뭄피해 예측, 농사정보 등 수요자 맞춤형 서비스 및 정책적 의사결정을 지원할 수 있을 것이다. 정책제언에 대한 검토는 네 가지 관점에서 이루어졌다. 첫째, 환경주제도 갱신(내용 및 주기) 고도화의 필요성이다. 현재 환경주제도의 가장 기본이 되는 것은 토지피복지도이고, 토지피복지도는 위성영상 및 항공사진을 기초로 제작된다. 즉, 향후 토지피복지도 갱신, 더 나아가 환경주제도 갱신 및 고도화를 위해서는 위성영상 중심의 기본 자료 및 최신 ICT기술이 적재적소에 융합되어야 한다. 이는 4차 산업혁명 기반 일반 국민 대상의 신산업가치 창출을 위한 기초자료로 적극 활용할 수 있으므로 토지피복지도 및 관련 환경주제도의 갱신을 위한 적극적 기술 개발 투자 및 연구가 필요하다. 둘째, 위성영상의 제도적 위상 재정립의 필요성이다. 현재 위성영상과 관련한 국내 법·제도적 규정에서는 위성영상은 위성정보(통신, 음향 및 음성 등을 포함)의 일종이며 위성의 정보 생산 목적 및 활용에 따른 위성정보의 구분 및 정의는 명시하지 않고 있다. 원격탐사 방식의 위성영상 정보는 환경뿐만 아니라 기상, 국토 관리, 교통, 재난재해, 기후변화 등 다양한 국민생활 이슈에 공간정보 형태로 활용이 가능하고, 이종 원격탐사 위성 간의 자료 융합 및 분야별 융합이 비교적 쉽게 이루어질 수 있으며, 향후 이에 대한 수요처가 증가할 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 원격탐사 방식의 위성정보에 대한 관리와 이용에 대해 별도의 새로운 제도적 체계가 필요하다. 셋째, 위성영상 정보 접근성 확장의 필요성이다. 위성영상의 고유의 활용 및 ICT 등 타분야 융합을 통한 정책 적용 잠재성을 현실화하기 위해서는 현재와 같은 위성정보의 접근 통제 환경을 점진적으로 완화할 필요가 있다. 위성영상 정보 관련 법 및 제도 내 정보 보안에 관한 조항 등의 수정은 물론, 정보보안 및 군사안보와 관련된 정부부처 및 산하기관에서 운용하는 위성영상 관련 보안규정 역시 정보 접근성 완화를 골격으로 한 개선이 시급히 수행되어야 한다. 넷째, 신정부 정책의 실천을 지원하는 민간기업의 참여 확대의 필요성이다. 신정부 100대 국정과제 내 주요 전략은 일자리 창출이며, 이는 원격탐사 방식 위성정보 활용 서비스의 핵심인 처리 소프트웨어의 개발은 미래 신성장 동력의 핵심 기술로서 충분히 인정받을 수 있다. 또한 시장 규모로 볼 때 대기업이 아닌 중소 전문기업 또는 스타트업 규모에서 집중적으로 추진할 수 있는 아이템이다. 따라서 원격탐사 분야와 ICT 분야, 이를 융합 활용하는 분야에서 활용 서비스 스타트업 및 전문 중소기업의 육성을 신정부 내 국정운영의 한 축으로 하는 게 중요하며, 원시 위성영상 생산 이후 자료 처리 및 유통 단계서부터 정부 또는 국가기관 주도가 아닌 민간기업의 참여를 정책적으로 장려하여야 한다. This study aims to conduct a case study of best practices overseas and a pilot study to deal with major environmental issues in Korea through integration of ICT that has recently become a major issue, focusing on satellite images among various kinds of environmental spatial information. The study analyzed the case in which satellite images were most frequently used in all of environmental spatial information based on the study results made in the previous year. In addition, it analyzed the characteristics of satellite images in Korea and overseas, and examined the cases in which they were used in the field of environment. Furthermore, an applicable technology roadmap was drawn up to apply the case in which satellite images and ICT are integrated ― detecting drought by analyzing the variation of soil moisture ― to Korea, and a pilot study was conducted on the basis of the roadmap in Jeonbuk. There is more and more use of satellite images as an actual tool to resolve various environmental issues as shown in the previous year’s research findings. Thus, to cope with environmental problems through precise earth observation, South Korea will manage at least 8 satellites by 2020. Considering the technical characteristics of the research topic which is integration and use of environmental spatial information of satellite images and ICT, this study comparatively analyzed satellite images classified into earth observation satellites, meteorological/ocean/environmental satellites, and geostationary environmental satellites. In addition, it studied cases in which multi-sensor satellite images are used, especially verifiable projects from overseas about integration and use of satellite images and ICT. Moreover, multifaceted analysis was attempted to empirically review measures against environmental issues through integration and use of environmental spatial information of multi-sensor satellite images and ICT by conducting a detailed analysis by period and field in order to determine which satellite images in particular are mainly used in Korea, using text mining among big data analysis. Based on this analysis, a technology roadmap was drawn up, which is the technical system of integration and use of satellite images and ICT in the actual case of soil moisture. A pilot study was conducted to select the study area for actual implementation of the technology roadmap. Then a method was implemented to analyze and use the data required for observation and verification using satellite images based on ICT. In addition, an application plan was presented based on restructuring of integration and use of ICT and satellite images developed later. The characteristics of local and global satellite images were analyzed and summarized, which can be utilized in the current and future environment field. Data of local and global satellites were also investigated and summarized by classifying them into earth observation satellites (Arirang series, Landsat series), meteorological/ocean/environmental satellites (Chollian series, etc.), and geostationary environmental satellites (TEMPO, Chollian-2B GEMS, etc.). In the case study of using multi-sensor satellite images, total 55 literatures were examined, which used domestic earth observation satellites (Arirang series), meteorological/ ocean/ environmental satellites (Chollian series), and environmental thematic maps. Total 15 cases including hydrologic disasters were examined in the case of using domestic earth observation satellites, total 18 cases including studies on soil moisture were examined in the case of using domestic meteorological/ocean/environmental satellites, and total 22 cases including selection of soil erosion factor were used in the case of using environmental thematic maps. These 55 cases were analyzed in 6 fields: disaster, agriculture, forest, ocean, water quality and climate. As a result of analyzing cases of Korea’s leading satellites Arirang and Chollian as well as environmental thematic maps, about 50% of 55 cases were directly or indirectly related to soil moisture. More specifically, direct or indirect correlation with soil moisture was found in 9 out of 14 cases in the disaster category, 7 out of 7 cases in the agriculture category, 3 out of 8 in the forest category, 1 out of 3 in the ocean category, 5 out of 17 in the water quality category, and 1 out of 6 in the climate category. This showed that research on soil moisture is adequate for research on integration and use of domestic satellites and thematic maps in the field of environment. Based on the above, a case study was conducted on the integration and use of soil moisture-related satellite images and ICT. The advanced cases about integration and use of satellite images and ICT included ‘AfSIS project’, ‘WEAM4i project’, and ‘ERMES project’. This study examined and summarized which technical role is performed by satellite images and ICT in the environmental issues of soil moisture for each case. In analyzing the integration and use of multi-sensor satellite images using big data, the text mining method was used, which is a method of analyzing unstructured data and natural language among various methods of big data analysis. This was conducted in a network analysis through the self-developed text mining program based on the R program developed in the previous year. A detailed analysis was conducted for each time and field regarding which satellite images are mainly used in Korea. In addition, the theoretical background of the integration and use of multi-sensor satellite images was analyzed. This was categorized into spatial resolution, spectral resolution and temporal resolution to present integration method. Based on the above, central spectral wavelength range, and spatial resolution were elicited, which form the basis of integration and use of multi-sensor satellite images in the field of environment. It is necessary to integrate and use the earth observation satellites with good spatial resolution and meteorological/ocean/environmental satellites with good temporal resolution as a integration and utilization of multi-sensor satellite images. In particular, it is necessary to use earth observation satellites that can be ingegrated in 300-500 nm wavelength band provided by Chollian 2B. In restructuring the use of environmental spatial information focusing on satellite images that applied ICT, a measure to resolve actual environmental issues of soil moisture was presented based on the aforementioned plan of integration and use. To this end, a technology roadmap was drawn up to establish the application and utilization scheme of satellite images on soil moisture and ICT, which is intended to apply global advanced projects related to soil moisture (integration of satellite images and ICT) in Korea. More specifically, a technological system is established and presented to apply the integration and use of soil moisture-related satellite images and ICT from overseas verifiable projects in Korea through the following steps: 1) acquiring soil moisture data using satellite images, 2) linking external data by establishing the ICT platform, and 3) providing analysis and utilization services. A pilot study was conducted by selecting an actual study area for demonstration in order to implement the method to analyze and use the data by linking ICT-based external data and observing local soil moisture among the content of technology roadmap. Finally, this study restructured the plan to integrate environmental spatial information focused on satellite images with ICT to resolve environmental issues of soil moisture into a soil moisture time-space monitoring system. The system to apply to environmental issues using soil moisture satellite images and ICT need soil moisture data and climate/air observation data derived from multi-sensor satellite images of earth and environmental observation satellites, as well as in-situ data on soil moisture and related thematic maps. The available environmental spatial information are produced and managed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute, National Environmental Satellite Center, Korea Meteorological Administration, Rural Development Administration, and KEI. Based on this data, ICT such as ‘big data platform,’ ‘artificial intelligence cognitive computing,’ ‘cloud computing,’ ‘IoT (Internet of Things),’ and ‘5G wired and wireless network’ can be used to predict agricultural production, forecast drought damages, provide customized services for consumers such as farming data, and support policy decision making. Review of policy suggestions was carried out in four views. The first is the need to renew and upgrade the environmental thematic maps (content and cycle). The most fundamental element of the environmental thematic map is land cover map, which is made based on satellite images and aerial photographs. In other words, to renew and upgrade the land cover maps as well as environmental thematic maps, it is necessary to integrate basic data focusing on satellite images and latest ICT in the right place. This can be actively used as the basic data to create new industrial values for the general public based on quaternary industries. Thus, it is necessary to actively invest in technological development and conduct research to renew land cover maps and related environmental thematic maps. The second is the need to reestablish the systematic status of satellite images. In the current legal-systematic regulations related to satellite images in Korea, satellite images are a type of satellite information (including communications, sound and voice), without providing their purpose of creating information and distinguishing or defining satellite information according to their use. Information from satellite images in the form of remote sensing can be used as spatial information in various issues of national life, such as environment, climate, land management, transportation, disaster and climate change. integration of data among multi-sensor remote sensing satellites and integration among different fields can be relatively easy, and demands for this is expected to grow in the future. In other words, there is a need for a new system regarding management and use of remote sensing satellite information. The third is the need to expand accessibility to satellite image data. To actualize the potential for policy application with the use of satellite images as well as integration with other fields like ICT, it is necessary to gradually ease the current access control of satellite information. Provisions about information security in laws and systems related to satellite image data must be amended. In addition, security regulations related to satellite images managed by government departments and affiliated agencies related to information security and military security must also be improved immediately, with focus on alleviating access to information. The fourth is the need to increase participation of private enterprises supporting the implementation of the new government policies. The major strategy in the 100 major government projects by the new government is creating jobs, and development of processing software, which is the essence of remote sensing satellite information service, can be acknowledged as the key technology of new future growth engine. Furthermore, not large companies but small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or startups can focus on this business in terms of market size. Therefore, it is important to nurture service startups or specialized SMEs in the fields of remote sensing, ICT and integration and use of these fields as a major part of governance in the new government. It is also necessary to politically encourage the participation of private enterprises instead of having the government or a national institution lead the entire project from data processing and distribution after producing raw satellite images.

대학의 외부환경색채디자인개발에 관한 연구

김영미,임종훈 한국기초조형학회 2008 기초조형학연구 Vol.9 No.1

This study aims to facilitate and to promote variety of activities in a university and academic support by applying external environment color plan to educational environment in universities as a method of education integration through case survey and analysis on educational space and environmental color in accordance with integration of the disabled and non-disabled.Many changes have been made in university educational environment for the disabled and space arrangement designed universally for integrated educational education environment is being done or planned. If we could not compose their environment and support their demands, however, universities would not provide appropriate help to the disabled. Accordingly, this study examines the possibility of approaching colors with regard to universal design aspect through the external environment color plan by Korea Rehabilitation Well-Being University. First, we analyzed the current external environment color by using color analysis program. As a result, it has been concluded that external colors in the existing universities are making heavy and dry appearance with the use of monotonous color of low chroma. To solve this kind of problem, we surveyed improvement direction and orientation image through the interviews with school’s administrators, professors and students for setting the direction to which external environment color plan goes.We suggested external environment color plan, taking advantage of characteristics of space for both the disabled and non-disabled to perform more active school activities based on survey analysis results. And, we would suggest cases of external environment color plans which have been driven as the basic data for improvement of educational environment.

Environment and Development of the Weather Monitoring Application in Kosovo

Shabani, Milazim,Baftiu, Naim,Baftiu, Egzon,Maloku, Betim International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.8

The environment in Kosovo is a topic of concern for the citizens and the state because of the temperatures that affect the health of the citizens and the climate around the world. Kosovo's climate is related to its geographical position. Stretching in the middle latitude, Kosovo's climate depends on the amount of heat coming from the Sun, the proximity of the Adriatic Sea, the Vardar valley, the openness to the north. In order to better understand the climatic features of Kosovo, one must know the elements of the climate such as: sunshine, temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, winds. The Meteorological Institute of Kosovo is responsible for measuring temperatures in Kosovo since 2014 and until now 12 meteorological stations have been operationalized with automatic measurement and real-time data transfer to the central system for data collection and archiving. The hydrometeorological institute lacks an application for measuring temperatures in all the countries of Kosovo. Software applications are generally built to suit the requirements of different governments and clients in order to enable easier management of the jobs they operate on. One of the forms of application development is the development of mobile applications based on android. The purpose of the work is to create a mobile application based on the Android operating system that aims to display information about the weather, this type of application is necessary and important for users who want to see the temperature in different places in Kosovo, but also the world. This type of application offers many options such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, humidity, and air pressure. The built application will have real and accurate data; this will be done by comparing the results with other similar applications. Such an application is necessary for everyone, especially for those people whose daily work is dependent on the weather or even for those who decide to spend their vacations, such as summer or winter. In this paper, comparisons are also made within android applications for tablets, televisions and smart watches.

공동주택의 환경친화적 리모델링에 대한 거주자 의식조사

이은영,정유선,윤정숙 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.6

The Korean housing market has a deteriorative problem of large-scaled communal apartment housing. Instead of reconstruction, regarding the limitation of floor area ratio, environmental pollution and energy exhaustion, remodeling is becoming a trend. However, all activities of remodeling cannot be environment-friendly, although it is considered as an environment-friendly factor. Accordingly, the goal of this research is to understand the general residents' consciousness of environment-friendly remodeling and the consciousness of the environment-friendly planning element applicable to remodeling to propose a desirable application direction. The results are as follows. 1)As for environment compatibility, residents think health and amenity factors most importantly. 2)Elements like energy loss cutouts and energy saving equipments that can directly reduce the resident's living costs appeared high in applicable elements of the environment preservation. 3)The using of existing landscape appeared high in applicable elements. 4)The importance of living environmental accommodation appeared high in the usage of volatile organic-compound low-release resources.

The Conflicting Goals of Application Discoverability and Quantity of Applications: The Facilitating Role of IT Artifacts in Mobile Application Stores

Jaeki Song,Junghwan Kim,Donald R. Jones 한국경영정보학회 2011 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.06

Theoretical Consideration of the Plan for Environmental-Friendly Applications of Flood Plain around Dam

Shin, Byung-Chuel,Lee, Eun-Yeob 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was attempted to establish concepts of environmental-friendly applications of flood plain and to suggest the application plans. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Roles of flood plain ad biotop (restoration, preservation, and creation of stream corridor ecosystem) should be considered. 2. Application methods considering environmental and scenic values should be reviewed. 3. Application methods reflection values as regional ecological resources should be planned. 4. Preservation and application should be considered together, and obtaining a means of living for regional residents and creation of economic profits should be considered together. 5. Land application and approach method by usages (integrated management model) should be applied to utilize and manage flood plain efficiently. 6. Flood plain application programs should be designed reflecting opinions of regional residents. 7. With respect to space planning of flood plan, introduction of facilities focused on ecosystem preservation/ecosystem restoration/experiences/observation/learning/culture/recreation/water purification could be reviewed positively.

초등교사의 환경관련 수업에 대한 교사전문성

손연아 ( Yeon A Son ),김경란 ( Kyoung Ran Kim ),민병미 ( Byeong Mee Min ),최돈형 ( Don Hyung Choi ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2005 초등과학교육 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the professionalism of elementary school teachers and to draw out factors which elementary teachers should try to improve their professionalism for environmental education. For the study, both Quantitative analysis and qualitative methodologies were applied: First, randomly selected 483 elementary teachers from Seoul and Gyeonggi self responded to 5 evaluation areas by Hungerford et al. (1994) to evaluate their environmental education professionalism through the use of five point Likert scale. Second, 2 elementary teachers` environmental classes were observed for the purpose of analyzing strengths and weaknesses in classroom instruction, and then the results of self-evaluation on environmental education professionalism and teacher professionalism as shown in the classes were compared. It was found that 483 elementary teachers including 2 teachers for analyzing classroom instruction who performed a self-evaluation gave themselves mid-scores on the Hungerford et al.`s 5 evaluation areas. However, the result of self-evaluation did not correspond with the result of actual class observation and teacher interview. That is, the actual environmental classes conducted by 2 teachers did not seemed to reflect the evaluation areas which were the foundation of the study: the conceptual awareness, the investigation & evaluation, environmental action skills, and educational application. The results of this study can be used as the basis reference to develop teaching-learning program and in-service programs for professional development of teachers for successful application of environmental education in elementary school classes.