Development of an automatic calibration method of a VRF energy model for the design of energy efficient buildings

Yun, Geun Young,Song, Kwanwoo Elsevier 2017 Energy and buildings Vol.135 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The application of whole-building energy simulation in the design and operation of buildings is limited because there are discrepancies between the actual energy consumption and the predictions obtained from energy simulation. A newly developed automatic calibration method for the variable refrigerant flow energy model, which aims to reduce the errors between simulated and measured energy consumption, has been introduced. The software that implements this method was developed for the wide use of calibrated simulations in the design of sustainable buildings. The automatic calibration method consists of parameter selection and determining boundary conditions, automatic simulation using Latin hypercube sampling, and selecting the energy models that meet the criteria for normalized mean biased error values. The developed software has been used to calibrate an energy model for a typical mid-sized office building in Korea. Comparisons between the measured energy consumption and the outcomes predicted by the software confirm that the developed calibration method can generate calibrated energy models that satisfy the criteria and the significance level of a paired <I>t</I>-test.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study developed an automatic calibration method for energy simulation models. </LI> <LI> User-friendly software based on the proposed method was developed and validated. </LI> <LI> The software can generate calibrated models that meet the criteria. </LI> </UL> </P>

한국형 공동주택 에너지 시뮬레이션 모델링을 위한 건물 형태 및 에너지 사용 특성 분석

이루다,강은호,윤종호,김동수,김진휘,원종연 한국태양에너지학회 2023 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.43 No.4

Apartment (APT)-type buildings are the most common type of domestic housing and areexpected to continue to grow. Therefore, it is important to analyze the building energyconsumption and improve the overall energy efficiency. Simulation-based analysis is typicallyadopted for building energy evaluation to predict energy usage and identify the potential savingsof alternative designs or options. A validation process for the simulation models is required toensure that the developed model accurately predicts the energy consumption and performanceof the building. In this study, we investigated the architecture and energy behavior of domesticAPTs that can be used for simulation-based modeling and calibration processes. In this process,for analyzing the building energy characteristics, we investigated the building energy end uses,such as electricity and gas energy consumption. Various datasets and sources, such as publicdata, actual measurement data, and surveyed drawings, were utilized to identify therepresentative features and combined relevance between buildings and their energy usage forbuilding energy simulation modeling. The results of this study will help to suggest benchmarkbuilding energy simulation analyses for apartment-type buildings.

제로에너지 스쿨을 위한 초등 교육시설의 에너지 성능평가

윤종호(Yoon Jong-Ho),신우철(Shin U-Cheul),조진일(Cho Jin-Il),박재완(Park Jae-Wan),김효중(Kim Hyo-Jung),이철성(Lee Chul-Sung) 한국태양에너지학회 2009 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

This study analyzed the standard school's energy usage and patterns as the zero-energy goal of primary school building, and proposed the energy reduction process of school building using energy analysis computing simulation tool. As a analysis simulation tool, Visual DOE 4.0 is used. For analysis of actual energy usage, selected primary school that is standard in the nation's energy consumption. Standard of the school's energy consumption analysis were devided into electric and gas energy. Input parameters of the simulation program based on the literature material and field survey material. after, but it was calibrated to comparison with the standard school's energy consumption. Finally, its energy usage analyzed by component and made the priority order of energy saving. Applied energy saving technologies are envelopment insulation, high efficiency lighting, high performance HAVC system and used active equipment system of solar collector and photovoltaic generation for additional savings.

개방형BIM 데이터와 건물에너지 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어 입력정보 간 매핑체계 제안과 적용

김인한(Kim, In-Han),최중식(Choi, Jung-Sik),김한준(Kim, Han-Joon) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.4

With the increasing interest in green building and BIM, many studies on BIM-based energy simulation are being conducted in Korean AEC industry recently. One of the biggest issues in current studies is the trouble with interoperability of data between BIM modeling software and BIM-based energy simulation software. The purpose of this study is to establish a Proposition and Application of Mapping System for Input Data between Open BIM Data and Building Energy Simulation Software. For this, the authors analyzed various BIM-based energy software after the overview of Open BIM and energy simulation. In following phases, a mapping system was Proposed first, and an integrated material library was also generated through the system. Finally, the authors developed a IDF-Convertor which allows management, exchange, and sharing of data between IFC and BIM-based energy simulation software. The result of this study would enable the energy simulation using IFC format, which might be considered difficult before. The use of IFC would allow energy software to utilize much data from other fields as well as material data, and so, help energy simulation advance in the future.

GATE 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 이용한 I-131의 영상 특성의 타당성에 관한 연구

백철하(Cheol-Ha Baek),김대호(Dae Ho Kim),이용구(Yong-Gu Lee),이영진(Youngjin Lee) 대한전자공학회 2017 전자공학회논문지 Vol.54 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) Simulation을 사용하여 치료용 방사성동위원소인 I-131의 감마카메라/SPECT 영상을 획득하여, 실제 기기의 실험결과와 그 특성을 비교 및 분석 하여 GATE simulation의 정확성을 획득하는 것이다. 더 나아가 GATE simulation을 이용한 치료용 방사성동위원소를 위한 감마카메라/SPECT 영상 정량화 기반기술 연구가 가능함을 입증하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 Simulation상에서 구성한 SPECT System은 Stream-R Forte version 1.2 (Philips Medical System, Best and Heerlen, Netherlands)의 설계변수를 참고로 하였다. 감마카메라/SPECT 시스템에서의 I-131 영상특성을 이해하기 위하여 실제 Forte 시스템을 이용하여 산란물질을 사용하였을 때와 사용하지 않았을 때 에너지 스펙트럼 및 선 선원에 대한 선 응답함수 (Line Spread Function, LSF)와 반치폭 (Full Width at Half Maximum, FWHM)을 측정하였다. 또한 실제 실험과의 비교를 위하여 GATE simulation에서 구성한 시스템에서도 동일한 실험 조건 및 변수에 대하여 에너지 스펙트럼 및 선 선원에 대한 LSF 및 FWHM을 측정하였다. 그 결과 산란물질을 사용하지 않았을 때의 에너지 스펙트럼의 경우 실제 실험과 Simulation 모두 364 keV의 위치에서 에너지 피크를 나타내어 동일한 경향의 결과를 보였다. FWHM은 실제 실험과 Simulation 모두에서 선원과 검출기간의 거리가 증가함에 따라 그 크기가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 오차율은 3.8%로 나타났다. 산란물질을 사용하였을 때의 에너지 스펙트럼 역시 실제 실험과 Simulation 경우 모두에서 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, GATE simulation은 치료용 방사성 동위원소에 대해서도 실제 기기의 특성 및 방사성 동위원소의 특징을 모두 반영하고 있으며 이를 이용하여 감마카메라/SPECT에서의 치료용 방사성 동위원소의 정량화에 대한 다양한 연구가 가능 할 것이라고 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to validate for GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) simulation by comparing the results of GATE simulation and experiment in real SPECT system. Futhermore, we want to prove that it is possible that the quantitative research of gamma camera/SPECT imaging for therapeutic radio isotope by using GATE simulation. In this study, the SPECT system on simulation referred to the parameters of Stream-R Forte version 1.2 (Philips Medical System, Best and Heerlen, Netherlands). To understand the I-131 image of gamma camera/SPECT system, we acquired the energy spectrum and measured the full width at half maximum (FWHM) which comes from line spread function (LSF) with and without scatter material in real SPECT system. And to compare with experiment, we also measured the FWHM and acquired the energy spectrum without scatter material in GATE simulation. As a result, without scatter material, the energy peak was almost same location, which are located nearby 364 keV, and other spectrum factors are same tendency in both cases. The FWHM was increased by increasing the distance of source to detector, and the error rate was approximately 3.8%. When we used the line source with scatter material, energy spectrum also indicated similar tendency in both cases. As you confirmed earlier, GATE simulation included real instrument and radioisotope characters for therapeutic radioisotope. Therefore this result that it was possible that various quantitative study for therapeutic radioisotope imaging in gamma camera/SPECT using GATE simulation.

공동주택용 환기장치의 기간 에너지 시뮬레이션

장현재(Hyun-Jae Chang) 대한설비공학회 2006 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.11

In this study, long term energy use at apartment house by operating mechanical ventilation system in winter season was investigated by energy simulation. Before conducting energy simulation, gas consumption rate for heating and power use to run mechanical ventilation system were examined for 1 month in winter season at one apartment house which was established the Ondol system, Korean traditional floor heating system and was established ventilation system of total heat exchanger type. The results of examination were compared with the results of energy simulation which was conducted for the same term with the examination and was simulated by considering sensible heat recovery only. Those results showed the difference of 13%. Energy simulation term was extended to the whole heating season which is from October to April, next year. Results of energy simulation for the whole heating season showed that more heating energy of 130㎾/month and more electrical energy of 79㎾/month are consumed by operating mechanical ventilation system.

공공청사 그린리모델링을 위한 데이터 정량화 시뮬레이션 모델에 관한 연구

김기석(Kim, Gi-Seok),김유민(Kim, You-Min),김종성(Kim, Jong-Seung),오세규(Oh, Se-Gyu) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.10

In recent years, an international community has been trying to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil energy usages in a variety of endeavors. In particular, a comprehensive and long-term policy for reducing building energy use is required since the building energy takes the biggest burden among the greenhouse gas emissions and the energy use. Advanced countries in the area of the reduction of building energy consumption, Germany, United Kingdom, United States, etc., had already established a long-term strategy and implemented the strategy to policies. EU countries established pan-national dimensions of policies such as EPBD (Energy Performance of Building Directive). A variety of regulations and supports for reducing the building energy consumption are implemented in our nation, and the corporate-driven new construction-oriented policy has been converted into the policy for improving energy performance based on existing public buildings. In this work, we propose a scheme to cut down the energy use for the existing public buildings through simulation studies. SBD (Simulation Based Design) is set up based on analysis of the existing public buildings and energy simulation tasks are performed. Then, a methodology is presented to improve the building energy efficiency implementing energy-saving elements obtained from the energy simulation tasks.

Energy Consumption Evaluation in Stamping Workshops via a Discrete Event Simulation-Based Approach

Wei Xiong,Haihong Huang,Lei Li,Lei Gan,Libin Zhu,Zhifeng Liu 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.6

Stamping is employed in a wide range of applications in industry, which is composed of discrete flow energy-intensive processes. Durations of stamping activities are much shorter than that of mold changing and transportation, which makes energy consumption in stamping workshops greatly affected by the production scheme and the proportion of transportation volume. Different from machining that has been widely discussed, there is less research on energy saving in stamping workshops. This paper aims to evaluate the energy consumption of stamping on the workshop level. A theoretical model and a discrete event simulation model were developed based on energy flow and material flow in the workshop. The theoretical model was used to calculate each component of energy consumption based on production-related data. The simulation model was used to predict the overall energy required in the workshop when subjected to changes in its production conditions. Impacts of influence factors, including machine failure rate, proportion of transportation volume, and production scheme on energy consumption, makespan, and machine utilization rates, were studied to find opportunities for energy reduction and production efficiency improvement. Finally, a case study of a stamping workshop for forklifts validated the proposed approach, and optimization measures were suggested, implemented, and verified. Results have found that under the same production scheme (suppose each press has the same failure rate), the balance between energy use and makespan was achieved when the proportion of transportation volume was 1/2. This simulation-based approach provides a useful tool for evaluating and reducing energy consumption and helps operators to perform energy-saving actions in stamping workshops.

Simulation-based machining condition optimization for machine tool energy consumption reduction

Lee, Wonkyun,Kim, Seong Hyeon,Park, Jaesang,Min, Byung-Kwon Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol.150 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Optimizing the machining condition is one of the effective ways for reducing the energy consumption of machine tools at a unit process level. Based on statistical approaches with design of experiments, various methods have been developed to reduce the energy consumption by optimizing the machining condition. However, the methods cannot be easily utilized when the optimization target or machine tool design is modified because the optimal solution is determined based on the experimentally measured data. In this study, a simulation-based method that utilizes a virtual machine tool (VMT) to optimize the machining condition is proposed. The VMT model is designed to focus on estimating the energy consumption during machining and is developed by replicating real machine tools. Based on the VMT model, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the machining condition to reduce the energy consumption. The changes in the optimization target or machine tool design are easily considered by modifying the cost function or component model, respectively. The proposed method is applied to reduce the energy consumption of a three-axis milling machine. The optimal feed rate and spindle speed are obtained for each line of the part program when the thrust force is limited. An experimental setup of the machine tool with an energy consumption monitoring system is constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the total energy consumption of the machine tool reduces by 13% owing to the optimization.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Simulation-based method to reduce the energy consumption of machine tool is proposed. </LI> <LI> Virtual machine tool to estimate the energy consumption during machining is built. </LI> <LI> Optimal machining conditions to minimize the energy consumption is obtained. </LI> <LI> Energy consumption reduction using proposed method is demonstrated experimentally. </LI> </UL> </P>

ENERGY EFFICIENCY PREDICTION MODEL OF HEAVY-DUTY ELECTRIC VEHICLES USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION

송진근,차준표,최민기 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.6

This paper is a study on energy efficiency prediction model of heavy-duty electric vehicles using numerical simulation. Because the current energy consumption efficiency evaluation method for electric vehicles has limitations in terms of manpower, resources, and time required, therefore a simulation model development to predict electric vehicle energy consumption efficiency is needed. Furthermore, research on heavy-duty electric vehicles is relatively insufficient compared to light-duty electric vehicles, and the need of research on heavy-duty electric vehicles is increasing. Therefore, this study develops an energy efficiency prediction model for heavy-duty electric vehicles and verifies it with the experimental results. Based on this, the applicability of the simulation method using the developed prediction model to the current energy efficiency evaluation management system for heavy-duty electric vehicles was reviewed. To verify the accuracy of the simulation model, the dynamometer test results were compared to simulation results, and the UDS protocol was used to acquire internal data for heavy-duty electric vehicles. Reliability of simulation model was secured by comparing data such as motor speed, battery voltage/current, state of charge and total driving distance of the test vehicles with data from the dynamometer experiment and the simulation model.