전자선 전처리에 따른 침엽수 미표백 크라프트 펄프의 특성평가

김은혜,이지영,전준표,김선영,김철환,박종혜 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이技術 Vol.45 No.3

Electron beam irradiation is also an eco-friendly treatment compared to other physical and chemical treatments. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the possibilities of energy savings by applying electron beam irradiation to the refining process. After softwood unbleached kraft pulp (UKP) was irradiated with electron beams at 50 and 100 kGy, it was beaten in a laboratory beater, and then its freeness and fiber properties were analyzed. The physical properties of their fiber handsheet were also and measured. As the irradiation dose of the electron beam and the beating time increased, lower freeness and fiber lengths of the UKP were observed. Handsheets made from UKP that was irradiated by electron beam and beaten showed a reciprocal relationship with the irradiation dose of the electron beam, in particular, the strength of the handsheets decreased dramatically at 100 kGy of irradiation. Therefore, it was confirmed that electron beam irradiation is effective in reducing the beating time or beating energy. But the irradiation dose must be controlled under 50 kGy to minimize the loss of paper strength.

전자선 전처리에 따른 침엽수 미표백 크라프트 펄프의 특성평가

김은혜(Eun Hea Kim),이지영(Ji Young Lee),전준표(Joon Pyo Jeun),김선영(Sun Young Kim),김철환(Chul Hwan Kim),박종혜(Jong Hye Park) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.5

Electron beam irradiation is also an eco-friendly treatment compared to other physical and chemical treatments. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the possibilities of energy savings by applying electron beam irradiation to the refining process. After softwood unbleached kraft pulp (UKP) was irradiated with electron beams at 50 and 100 kGy, it was beaten in a laboratory beater, and then its freeness and fiber properties were analyzed. The physical properties of their fiber handsheet were also and measured. As the irradiation dose of the electron beam and the beating time increased, lower freeness and fiber lengths of the UKP were observed. Handsheets made from UKP that was irradiated by electron beam and beaten showed a reciprocal relationship with the irradiation dose of the electron beam, in particular, the strength of the handsheets decreased dramatically at 100 kGy of irradiation. Therefore, it was confirmed that electron beam irradiation is effective in reducing the beating time or beating energy. But the irradiation dose must be controlled under 50 kGy to minimize the loss of paper strength.

Comparative study on the preparation of conductive copper pastes with copper nanoparticles prepared by electron beam irradiation and chemical reduction

Pham, Long Quoc,Sohn, Jong Hwa,Park, Ji Hyun,Kang, Hyun Suk,Lee, Byung Cheol,Kang, Young Soo Elsevier 2011 Radiation physics and chemistry Vol.80 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Copper nanoparticles with narrow size distribution of 5–7nm were synthesized by using electron beam irradiation. The copper nanoparticles were stable in ambient air for two months. TGA showed that the copper nanoparticles prepared by using electron beam irradiation have the higher wt% of pure copper metal compared with the one prepared by chemical reduction using hydrazine hydrate(N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>·<I>x</I>H<SUB>2</SUB>O). The conductive copper paste with copper nanoparticles prepared by electron beam irradiation showed higher conductivity than the paste with copper nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction with N<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB> due to small size, less amount of surfactants on the surface and higher stability against the oxidation in ambient condition. The highest conductivity of copper paste was determined as 170Scm<SUP>−1</SUP> at 90wt% of copper nanoparticles in the paste.</P> <P><B>Research highlights</B></P><P>► Copper nanoparticles were synthesized by electron beam irradiation and chemical reduction. ► The copper nanoparticles synthesized by electron beam irradiation have narrower size distribution of 5–7nm and higher wt% of pure copper metal compared with the one synthesized by chemical reduction. ► Conductive pastes prepared by copper nanoparticles synthesized by electron beam irradiation show higher conductivity.</P>

Six-Dual 전자선 조사면에 의한 전신 피부 조사의 선량 특성

최태진(Tae Jin Choi),김진희(Jin Hee Kim),김옥배(Ok Bae Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1998 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.16 No.3

목 적 : 전신피부의 수 mm 깊이에 한정된 피부 종양의 전신전자선조사에서 균등선량을 얻기위해, 원거리 전자선조사면에 대한 선량특성을 얻고 상하6방향조사에 의한 전신피부선량분포를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 전신조사를 위한 실험적 선량분포는 전자선 타켓-피부간 거리 300 cm에서, 크기가 105×105 cm2 (콜리메-터 35×35 cm2 , TSD 100 cm) 인 조사면으로 4 MeV 전자선의 심부선량률, 공간선량분포, 에너지감쇠에 의한 선량률 변화 등의 선량특성이 정해졌다. 환자는 상하 6방향조사가 이루어지는 동안 안정된 위치를 유지하기 위하여 양손을 치켜들고 기둥막대를 잡을 수 있는 발판에 위에 표시해둔 위치에 서게 하였다. 4 MeV 전자선 에너지를 감쇠 시켜 산란선고 피부선량을 높이기 위해 전자선 통로상 환자 전면의 20 cm 거리에 0.5 cm 두께의 산란체인 아크릴판을 설치하였다. 전신피부의 흡수선량은 테프론혼합 CaSO4:Dy 열형광소자 (1 mm 직경×6 mm 길이)를 전신 74 곳에 부착하여 분할조사면에 의한 합성선량을 평가하였다. 결 과 : 전자선 타켓-피부간 거리 300 cm에서 얻어진 105×105 cm2 의 큰 조사면의 선량 반치폭은 130 cm 였으며, 80% 폭은 86 cm 로 나타났으며, 두 조사면을 FWHM 만큼 이동하여 두 조사면을 25 cm 띄워 조사한 합성선량분포에서 선량률이 100±10% 인 균등조사면의 폭은 186 cm 로 확장되었다. 인체전면 20 cm 위체에 0.5 cm 아크릴판을 삽입한 결과, 4 MeV 전자선은 최대선량점 5 mm, 80% 깊이가 7 mm, 50% 깊이는 10.7 mm를 보여 감쇠된 전자선의 평균에너지는 2.5 MeV 였다. 큰 조사면의 선속 중심에서 50 cm 떨어진 위치의 심부선량률은 중심선속의 심부선량과 거의 동일 값을 보였다. 전신피부조사에 의한 환자의 선량분포는 인체의 돌출부와 굴곡부분을 제외하고는 비교적 균등한 선량이 도달되었으며, 돌출부와 분할조사면이 잘 이루어지지 않는 중첩조사부위는 각각 30% 와 60-100% 의 과다선량이 도달되어 치료중 차폐가 불가피한 반면, 인체구조상 전자선이 가리워지는 두정부, 회음부 및 대퇴부 내측은 선량이 거의 도달 되지 않는 곳이 생겨지므로 부가적 조사가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 결 론 : 전신피부조사는 2-3 MeV 의 저에너지 전자선빔에 의해 피하 수 mm 깊이에 80% 의 선량을 도달시킬 수 있으며, 높은 에너지에서는 흡수체를 이용하여 적정에너지를 얻을 수 있다. 전신피부조사에서 전신균등선량은 전자선을 상하 각각 6문조사로 고정분할 조사하는 경우 전자선이 가리워지는 부위를 제외하고 대개 ±10% 의 선량오차범위에 들었으나, 돌출부위의 선량과다부위에는 차폐가 필요하였으며, 전자선이 가리워지는 부위는 부가치료를 통해 임상에 적합한 균등선량분포를 얻을 수 있다. Purpose : To obtain the uniform dose at limited depth to entire surface of the body, the dose characteristics of degraded electron beam of the large target-skin distance and the dose distribution of the six-dual electron fields were investigated. Materials and Method : The experimental dose distributions included the depth dose curve, spatial dose and attenuated electron beam were determined with 300 cm of target-skin distance (TSD) and full collimator size (35×35 cm2 on TSD 100 cm) in 4 MeV electron beam energy. Actual collimated field size of 105 cm×105 cm at the distance of 300 cm could include entire hemibody. A patient was standing on step board with hands up and holding the pole to stabilize his/her positions for the six-dual fields technique. As a scatter-degrader, 0.5 cm of acrylic plate was inserted at 20 cm from the body surface on the electron beam path to induce ray scattering and to increase the skin dose . Results : The full width at half maximum(FWHM) of dose profile was 130 cm in large field of 105 ×105 cm2. The width of 100±10% of the resultant dose from two adjacent fields which were separated at 25 cm from field edge for obtaining the dose unifomity was extended to 186 cm. The depth of maximum dose lies at 5 mm and the 80% depth dose lies between 7 and 8 mm for the degraded electron beam by using the 0.5 cm thickness of acrylic absorber. Total skin electron beam irradiation (TSEBI) was carried out using the six dual fields has been developed at Stanford University. The dose distribution in TSEBI showed relatively uniform around the flat region of skin except the protruding and deeply curvatured portion of the body, which showed excess of dose at the former and less dose at the latter. Conclusion : The percent depth dose, profile curves and superimposed dose distribution were investigated using the degraded electron beam through the beam absorber. The dose distribution obtained by experiments of TSEBI showed within±10% difference except the protruding area of skin which needs a shield and deeply curvatured region of skin which needs boosting dose.

Enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of nanoflower-like hexagonal CdSe0.6Te0.4: Effect of electron beam irradiation

수렌드라,가야난고다크,Deepak P. Dubal,Haridas D. Dhaygude,김대영,Vijay J. Fulari 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.45 No.-

Present investigation deals with the effect of electron beam irradiation on the photoelectrochemicalproperties of cadmium selenium telluride (CdSe0.6Te0.4) thin films. Initially, CdSe0.6Te0.4 thin films wereelectrodeposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass and stainless steel substrates. Later,these CdSe0.6Te0.4 thin films were irradiated with high energy electron beam(10 MeV) of different dosesfrom 10 to 30 kilograys (kGy). The effect of electron beam irradiation on different physico-chemicalproperties of CdSe0.6Te0.4 thin films such asmorphological, structural, optical and photoelectrochemicalhas been investigated. It is observed that, the electron beam irradiation treatment considerably affectsthe properties of CdSe0.6Te0.4 thin films. The surface morphology of CdSe0.6Te0.4 thin films was changedfrom cauliflowers to nanoflowers, nanoroses and interconnected nanoflakes with doses of electronbeams. Furthermore, the effect of electron beam irradiation on photoelectrochemical properties ofCdSe0.6Te0.4 films was investigated. It is interesting to note that, the photoelectrochemical (PEC)properties of CdSe0.6Te0.4 thin films are extensively affected by electron beam irradiation. Thephotoconversion efficiency values of CdSe0.6Te0.4 films for different doses of electron beam are found tobe 0.9%, 1.1%, 2.0% and 1.5%, respectively.

질소분위기 전자빔 조사에 의한 졸-겔 IGZO 박막 트랜지스터의 전기적 특성 향상

박지호,송영석,배수강,김태욱 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2023 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구에서는 졸-겔 IGZO(Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide) 박막을 만들고 이에 전자빔을 조사 한 후 박막 트랜지스터로 제작하여 전자빔 조사가 박막 트랜지스터의 전기적 특성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 특히 전자빔이 조사되는 환경을 대기 중과 질소 분위기(<200 ppm O2)로 두고 전자빔 조사 선량 세기를 100kGy와 200kGy로 각각 조사한 후350℃ 온도에서의 열처리만 진행한 비교군과 비교 분석을 진행하였다. 전자빔 조사에 따른 졸-겔 IGZO 박막의 물성 변화를 분석하기 위해 UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD)와 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 분석 결과, 전자빔 조사 전·후의 모든 조건 하에서 가시광 영역에서의 80% 이상의 높은 투과도를 보여줌을 확인할 수 있었고, XRD 분석 결과를 통해 전자빔 조사와 관계없이 비정질 특성을 유지함을 확인하였다. 특히 전자빔 조사에 따라 졸-겔 IGZO 박막에 화학적 조성 변화가 있음을 확인하였는데, 질소 분위기에서 전자빔을 조사하게 되면 M-O결합과 관련된 peak이 차지하는 비율이 높아짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 질소 분위기에서 전자빔이 조사된 TFT들은 on/off 비율, 전자 이동도에서 향상된특성을 보여주었으며, 시간에 따라 트랜지스터의 특성들(on/off 비율, 문턱전압, 전자이동도, 하위임계값 스윙)의 수치 또한큰 변화 없이 유지됨이 확인되어, 졸-겔 공정 TFT 제작에 있어서 질소 분위기에서의 전자빔 조사공정이 IGZO기반 박막트랜지스터의 전기적특성의 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In this paper, we studied the effect of electron beam irradiation on sol-gel indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films under air and nitrogen atmosphere and carried out the electrical characterization of the s ol-gel IGZO thin f ilm transistors (TFTs). To investigate the optical properties, crystalline structure and chemical state of the sol-gel IGZO thin films after electron beam irradiation, UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out. The sol-gel IGZO thin films exhibited over 80% transmittance in the visible range. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the sol-gel IGZO films regardless of electron beam irradiation. When electron beam irradiation was conducted in a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere, we observed an increased proportion of peaks related to M-O bonding contributed to the improved quality of the thin films. Sol-gel IGZO TFTs subjected to electron beam exposure in a nitrogen atmosphere exhibited enhanced electrical characteristics in terms of on/off ratio and electron mobility. In addition, the electrical parameters of the transistor (on/off ratio, threshold voltage, electron mobility, subthreshold swing) remained relatively stable over time, indicating that the electron beam exposure process in a nitrogen atmosphere could enhance the reliability of IGZO-based thin-film transistors in the fabrication of sol-gel processed TFTs.

전자선 전처리된 셀룰로오스 나노섬유의 내첨 적용 방안 연구

이지영(Ji Young Lee),김철환(Chul Hwan Kim),김은혜(Eun Hea Kim),박태웅(Tae Ung Park),전준표(Joon Pyo Jeun),김선영(Sun Young Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 펄프.종이技術 Vol.48 No.4

Because of the many advantages of CNFs, interest in them has been increasing dramatically. Many studies involving the application of CNFs have been reported in nanocomposites, but an insufficient number of studies have attempted to identify the applicability of CNFs in the papermaking process. The present study examined the effect of wet end application of CNFs on paper strength. Many types of CNFs were made from bleached kraft pulps by a combination of electron beam irradiation, refining, and subsequent grinding. Electron beam irradiation was selected as a new pretreatment to reduce the amount of electrical energy required, and its effect on the properties of the CNFs was also analyzed. The paper strengths of handsheets made by adding CNFs to the pulp slurry were also analyzed. Electron beam irradiation had no significant effect on the viscosity, particle size, or crystallinity of the CNFs. However, the CNFs made from softwood bleached kraft pulp (SwBKP) showed the highest viscosity. The strengths of handsheets containing all the CNFs were improved dramatically. The CNFs made from hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP), in particular, improved the paper strength over that of papers made from SwBKP. The CNF treated by electron beam irradiation showed relatively higher overall paper strengths than those untreated by electron beam irradiation.

전자선 조사가 포장방법을 달리한 한우육의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향

박태선,박구부,오성현,이정일,신택순,Park, Tae-Seon,Park, Gu-Bu,Oh, Seong-Hyeon,Lee, Jeong-Il,Sin, Taek-Sun 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 한우 암소 지육 중 육질등급 $1^{+}$ 판정(근내지방도 No. 7, 육색 No. 4, 성숙도 No. 1, 조직감 No. 1)을 받은 지육($280{\sim}300$ kg) 6두를 1차로 수돗물로 고압 수세하고 2차로 50% 에틸알콜로 소독한 후 발골 정형하여 실험재료로 사용하였고, 등심 및 우둔부위를 채취하여 $0{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 후 등심은 1.5 cm steak로 제조하고, 우둔은 patty를 제조한 후 진공포장 및 랩 포장한 다음 전자선 가속기를 이용하여 0, 3 , 4.5, 6, 7.5 kGy로 조사한 후 실험에 이용하였다. 진공포장구 및 함기포장구의 pH 는 전자선 조사선량에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p>0.05), 함유수분은 전자선 조사구 및 비조사구 모두 steak에 비하여 patty가 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 조단백질은 steak의 경우 전자선 비조사구가 조사구에 비하여 높은 수치를 나타내었으며(p<0.05), Patty의 경우는 전자선 조사수준에 상관없이 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 육색의 명도($L^{\ast}$)는 전자선조사 처리구와 비조사 처리구간에는 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 육색 중 적색도($a^{\ast}$)와 황색도($b^{\ast}$)는 전자선 조사수준이 증가함에 따라 점차 낮아지는 경향이었으며, 비조사구와 3 kGy 조사구는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Electron Beam irradiation on physico-chemical characteristics of Hanwoo meat. A total of sir beef carcasses $(280{\sim}300\;kg)$ that were quality grade $1^+$(marbling score No. 7, meat color No. 4, maturity No. 1, texture No. 1) was purchased at the commercial slaughter house. The carcasses were transported and washed using high pressure water, and pasteurized with 50% ethyl alcohol in the laboratory. After the carcasses were deboned and trimmed, loin and round were taken out to make steak (1.5 cm thickness) or patty respectively. Samples were wrap or vacuum packaged and irradiated with 0, 3, 4.5, 6 and 7.5 kGy using electron-beam accelerator. Irradiated samples were used to measure pH, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and meat color. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in pH between vacuum packaged (VP) and wrap packaged (WP) treatment, and the pH was not changed by electron-beam irradiation levels. Both control and irradiated treatments of steak showed higher tendency in moisture content. In crude protein content, control was higher than irradiated treatment in steak, but there were no difference in patty. Lightness ($L^{\ast}$) of meat color has no difference between irradiated and non-irradiated treatment (p>0.05). The value of redness and Yellowness of meat was dropped by increasing irradiation (p<0.05), but there was no difference between control and 3 kGy treatment (p<0.05).

Effects of irradiation source and dose level on quality characteristics of processed meat products

Ham, Y.K.,Kim, H.W.,Hwang, K.E.,Song, D.H.,Kim, Y.J.,Choi, Y.S.,Song, B.S.,Park, J.H.,Kim, C.J. Pergamon 2017 Radiation physics and chemistry Vol.130 No.-

<P>The effect of irradiation source (gamma-ray, electron-beam, and X-ray) and dose levels on the physicochemical, organoleptic and microbial properties of cooked beef patties and pork sausages was studied, during 10 days of storage at 30 +/- 1 degrees C. The processed meat, products were irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 kGy by three different irradiation sources. The pH of cooked beef patties and pork sausages was unaffected by irradiation sources or their doses. The redness of beef patties linearly decreased with increasing dose level (P < 0.05), obviously by e-beam irradiation compared to gamma-ray and X-ray (P < 0.05). The redness of pork sausages was increased by gamma-ray irradiation, whereas it decreased by e-beam irradiation depending on absorbed dose level. No significant changes in overall acceptability were observed for pork sausages regardless of irradiation source (P> 0.05), while gamma-ray irradiated beef patties showed significantly decreased overall acceptability in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation of samples was accelerated by irradiation depending on irradiation sources and dose levels during storage at 30 degrees C. E-beam reduced total aerobic bacteria of beef patties more effectively, while gamma-ray considerably decreased microbes in pork sausages as irradiation dose increased. The results of this study indicate that quality attributes of meat products, in particular color, lipid oxidation, and microbial properties are significantly influenced by the irradiation sources. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>

Comparison of Quality of Bologna Sausage Manufactured by Electron Beam or X-Ray Irradiated Ground Pork

Mee Hye Shin,Ju Woon Lee,Young Min Yoon,Jong Heon Kim,Byeong Geum Moon,Jae Hun Kim,Beom Suk Song 한국축산식품학회 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Ground lean pork was irradiated by an electron beam or X-rays to compare the effects of two types of radiation generated by a linear accelerator on the quality of Bologna sausage as a model meat product. Raw ground lean pork was vacuum packaged at a thickness of 1.5 cm and irradiated at doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 kGy by an electron beam (2.5 MeV) or X-rays (5 MeV). Solubility of myofibrillar proteins, bacterial counts, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were determined for raw meat samples. Bologna sausage was manufactured using the irradiated lean pork, and total bacterial counts, TBARS values, and quality properties (color differences, cooking yield, texture, and palatability) were determined. Irradiation increased the solubility of myofibrillar proteins in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). Bacterial contamination of the raw meat was reduced as the absorbed dose increased, and the reduction was the same for both radiation types. Differences were observed only between irradiated and non-irradiated samples (p<0.05). X-ray irradiation may serve as an alternative to gamma irradiation and electron beam irradiation.