성역할 태도와 맞벌이 태도의 차이에 관한 연구: 기혼,유자녀 가구를 중심으로 한 유형화

정윤태 ( Yun-tae Jung ),서재욱 ( Jae Wook Suh ) 한국가족관계학회 2016 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to empirically verify the difference between traditional gender role attitude and realistic dual earner attitude. Most preceding studies analyzed gender role attitude by summated rating scale while few studies have been conducted on the difference between traditional gender role attitude and dual earner attitude. Method: By using the 9th Korea Welfare Panel Data (year 2014), this study extracted households of married couples and with children in working age (18 through 64 years of age) who are the main subjects in work family relationship. First, this study classified traditional group and modern group in their gender role attitude and passive group and active group in their dual earner attitude and by crossing these attitudes, drew out 4 gender role/dual earner attitudes. For analysis, this study investigated frequency of attitude types through descriptive statistics. By conducting ANOVA, study verified if there are significant differences in the satisfaction with family relationship depending on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes. Lastly, study examined the effect of socio-economic status and demographic characteristics on the types of gender role/dual earner attitudes by conducting multi-nominal logistic regression analysis. Results: As the result of analysis, first, half of respondents belonged to ``equal-role-oriented type`` who has modern gender role attitude and active dual earner attitude. However, there were not a few ``dual-earner-avoiding type`` who has modern gender role attitude but passive dual earner attitude and ``incongruous attitude type`` who has traditional gender role attitude but active dual earner attitude. Next, ``incongruous attitude type`` had significantly low level of satisfaction with overall family life, relationship with spouse and relationship with children than other attitude types. Lastly, those whose incomes belong to poor strata, those who are high school graduates and lower, males and those who are over the age of 60 had significantly higher probability of belonging to ``incongruous attitude type.`` Conclusion: The results of analysis demonstrate that the difference between gender role attitude and dual earner attitude is an important matter and since ``incongruous attitude type`` exhibits low level of satisfaction with family relationship, scrupulous policy approaches are required for those who have high possibility of belonging to ``incongruous attitude type.``

만 7세 이하 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부부의 전통적인 성역할태도와 우울이 부부가 인식한 어머니 문지기 역할에 미치는 영향: 자기-상대방 상호의존 매개모형(APIMeM)의 적용

이슬기 ( Seul-ki Lee ),유성경 ( Sung-kyung Yoo ) 한국가족관계학회 2022 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.27 No.3

연구목적: 맞벌이 부부의 전통적인 성역할태도와 우울이 부부가 인식한 어머니 문지기 역할에 미치는 영향에서 남편과 아내의 자기효과와 상대방효과를 확인하고 우울의 매개효과를 검증한다. 연구방법: 만 7세 이하 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부부 351쌍을 대상으로 자기-상대방 상호의존 매개모형(Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model; APIMeM)을 적용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 남편의 성역할태도가 아내보다 전통적이었고, 아내의 우울이 남편보다 높았으며, 어머니 문지기 역할에 대한 아내의 보고가 남편보다 높은 것으로 나타나 성차가 확인되었다. 둘째, 남편의 성역할태도가 전통적일수록 부부의 우울이 증가하였고, 부부가 인식한 어머니 문열기가 감소하였으며, 남편이 인식한 어머니 문닫기가 증가하였다. 반면, 아내의 전통적인 성역할태도는 아내 자신의 어머니 문닫기에 대한 인식을 높이는 영향만을 설명하였다. 셋째, 남편의 성역할태도가 전통적일수록 남편의 우울이 부분 매개하여 남편이 인식한 어머니 문열기가 감소하고 남편이 인식한 어머니 문닫기가 증가하였다. 또한 남편의 성역할태도가 전통적일수록 아내의 우울이 부분 매개하여 아내가 인식한 어머니 문열기가 감소하였다. 넷째, 남편의 성역할태도가 전통적일수록 남편과 아내의 우울이 각각 완전 매개하여 아내가 인식한 어머니 문닫기가 증가하였다. 결론: 공동육아 문화에 대한 활발한 논의가 이루어지는 사회적 맥락에서 만 7세 이하 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 부부를 대상으로 쌍자료(dyadic data)를 수집하여 전통적인 성역할태도와 부부가 인식한 어머니 문지기 역할의 관계에서 우울이 매개효과를 갖는 상호적 경로에서 비대칭적인 효과를 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Objectives: This study aims to verify the actor-partner effects in the context of dual-earner couples’ traditional gender role attitudes and depression, specifically on the perceived maternal gatekeeping roles and the mediating effects of depression. Method: An analysis was conducted using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) among 351 dual-earner couples with children no more than 7 years old. Results: First, the husband’s gender role attitude was more traditional than the wife’s, and the wife’s depression was higher than the husband’s. Similarly, the wife’s report on the perceived maternal gatekeeping roles was higher than that of the husband. Second, as the husband’s gender role attitude became more traditional, the couple’s depression increased, their perceived maternal gate opening decreased, and the husband’s perceived maternal gate closing increased. Third, as the husband’s gender role attitude became more traditional, his depression was partially mediated, perceived maternal gate opening decreased, and perceived maternal gate closing increased. In addition, the more traditional the husband’s gender role attitude was, the more the wife’s depression was mediated, and her perceived maternal gate opening decreased. Fourth, the more traditional the husband’s gender role attitude was, the more the couple’s depression was completely mediated, and the wife’s perceived maternal gate closing increased. Conclusions: This study is meaningful as it collects dyadic data from dual-earner couples with children no more than 7 years old. The data are also collected in the social context of active discussions on the co-parenting culture to confirm the asymmetrical effect between couples in the mutual effect of traditional gender role attitudes and depression on the perceived maternal gatekeeping roles.

체육교사의 이중역할에 따른 감정표현규칙 및 감정노동전략의 차이

이정렬(Lee, Jeong-Ryul),이가람(Lee, Karam),하재필(Ha, Jae-Pil) 한국사회체육학회 2021 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.86

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dual role (physical education teacher vs. athletic director) on emotional display rules (positive and negative) and emotional labor strategies (surface acting, deep acting, and genuine expression) among physical education teachers. Methods: 250 survey questionnaires were distributed to PE teachers experiencing dual roles in the region of Youngnam. Out of the 250 questionnaires distributed, a total of 229 questionnaires were chosen for final data analysis after excluding 21 incomplete questionnaires. Results: Results of chi-square tests indicated that participants were more likely to display positive emotions in the role of PE teacher than in the role of athletic director. On the other hand, participants were more likely to display negative emotions in the role of athletic director than in the role of PE teacher. Results of the paired t-tests indicated that participants utilized more surface acting in the role of PE teacher than in the role of athletic director, while they utilized more genuine expression in the role of athletic director than in the role of PE teacher. Conclusion: The overall findings of this study provide some meaningful and practical implications for dual role PE teachers regarding the use of emotional display rules and emotional labor strategies according to the types of their roles.

자녀를 둔 맞벌이부부의 역할갈등과 삶의 질에 관한 연구

황혜원 ( Hye Won Hwang ),신정이 ( Jung Yi Shin ) 한국가족복지학회 2009 한국가족복지학 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 자녀를 둔 맞벌이부부의 역할갈등을 분석하고, 나아가 이러한 역할갈등이 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 정도를 파악하며, 역할갈등 상황에 있는 맞벌이 부부의 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 변인들을 검증하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 충북 청주의 맞벌이 부부 250쌍(500명)을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문조사를 통하여 얻은 자료를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 맞벌이부부의 역할갈등정도는 아내가 남편보다 높기는 하지만 통계적으로 유의지 않아 남편과 아내가 비슷한 역할갈등을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 역할갈등 영역별로 보면, 남편은 `직장역할갈등`이 아내보다 상대적으로 높았던 반면, 아내는 `가정역할갈등`과 `부모역할갈등`이 남편보다 높아 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 맞벌이부부 전체를 보았을 때 `직장역할갈등`과 `부모역할갈등`이 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 것으로 조사되었다. 이를 성별로 보면 맞벌이남편의 경우 `부모역할갈등`이 삶의 질에 영향을 주었고, 맞벌이아내의 경우는 `직장역할갈등`과 `부모역할갈등` 두 가지가 삶의 질에 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 역할갈등, 우울, 배우자지지, 직업만족, 사회적지지가 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 이 결과는 성별에서도 차이가 거의 없게 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 통하여 맞벌이부부의 특성이해와 삶의 질 향상을 위한 개입전략이 제안되었다. This study examines the role conflict of dual-earner parents and its effect on their quality of life as well as identifies several ecosystemic variables which influence dual-earner parents` quality of life. The data was collected from 250 dual-earner couples in Cheongju. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between a wife`s level of role conflict and a husband`s, although the wife`s level was higher than her husband`s. However, a husband`s work related role conflict was significantly higher than that of his wife, while a wife`s family related role conflict and parenting conflict are significantly higher than those of her husband. The work related role conflict and parenting conflict had significant effects on the quality of life of dual-earner couples. Specifically, parenting conflict had a significant effect on the husband`s quality of life, while the work related role conflict and the parenting conflict had significant effect on the wife`s quality of life. Several ecosystemic variables such as role conflict, depression, spousal support, job satisfaction, and social support are significant predictors of the quality of life of dual-earner parents.

Nature of Company Ownership, the Dual Role of CEO and Board Chair, and R & D Investment Intensity

La-Mei Meng,Hae-Young Byun 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.11 No.2

Purpose - This study examines the impact of company ownership nature and of the dual role of CEO and board chair on R & D investment intensity, as well as the moderating effect of this dual role. Most previous research focused on the impact of the dual role of CEO and board chair on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach - This study uses A-share companies listed on the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges in China from 2008 to 2017. The univariate and the multivariate regression analysis were hired In order to analyze the data. Findings - The results show that there is a significant negative relationship between state-owned companies and R & D investment intensity. In addition, there is a significant positive relationship between the dual role and R & D investment intensity. The effect of state ownership on R & D investment intensity is more negative when CEO-board chair duality exists. This means that in case of state-owned companies, if CEO serves as the board chair, the propensity to invest in R&D is further reduced. Research implications or Originality - This is a pioneering study that considers the joint effect of state-owned companies and dual role on R & D investment intensity in the Chinese economy.

학급담임으로서의 중초(체육) 교사의 역할 정체성 인식에 대한 연구

주종명,김선휘 한국사회체육학회 2024 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.95

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceived role identity of dual-licensed elementary school physical education teachers and analyze the demand for teacher education programs to enhance their teaching experiences. Method: Seventy-seven dual-licensed elementary school physical education teachers in Seoul were selected through targeted and snowball sampling. An online survey was conducted from August to September 2023 via mobile or SNS (NAVER OFFICE). Data from 74 participants, after excluding missing values and outliers, were processed using SPSS 29.0, involving reliability analysis, normality tests, and cluster analysis. Results: The study identified four types of role identity among dual-licensed elementary school physical education teachers: Calling Consciousness Type, Professional Pursuit Type, Role Commitment Type, and Job Maintenance Type. The distribution of these types was as follows: 35 in Calling Consciousness Type, 15 each in Professional Pursuit Type and Role Commitment Type, and 9 in Job Maintenance Type. Their average values were in the order of Calling Consciousness Type (4.7143), Professional Pursuit Type (4.1683), Role Commitment Type (4.0778), and Job Maintenance Type (3.5503). Regarding support plans, the most requested were role support for self-contained teachers (33.8%), resilience training for different life cycles (25.7%), classroom management support (23%), and professional development in specific subjects (16.2%), with other requests (1.3%). Conclusion: The study concludes that there are four distinct role identities among self-contained duallicensed elementary school physical education teachers, with the Calling Consciousness Type being the most prevalent and idealized. The most sought-after support plans are those that aid in role performance and classroom management.

복지국가의 가족정책이 성역할 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 비교 분석

김영미 ( Young Mi Kim ) 한국사회보장학회 2012 사회보장연구 Vol.28 No.2

본 연구는 복지국가의 가족정책이 성역할 태도(gender role attitudes)에 미치는 영향을 비교 관점에서 경험적으로 분석하였다. 복지국가의 가족정책은 해당 사회 내에 존재하는 남녀 간 사회적 관계와 역할 규범, 그 사회의 지배적인 젠더 이데올로기가 반영된 것이라 할 수 있다. 이를 전제로 각 국가마다 가족정책에 포함된 상이한 전략과 방향성, 수준이 해당 국가에 속한 개인들의 성역할 태도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 가족정책 제도는 주성분 분석을 통해 맞벌이지원정책과 일반가족지원정책 2개의 요인으로 추출되었다. 분석에는 국제사회인식조사(ISSP) 2002년 모듈에 포함된 18개 복지국가의 자료와 한국의 2003년 한국종합사회조사(KGSS) 자료가 이용되었다. 성역할 태도에 영향을 미치는 거시적, 미시적 차원의 요인들을 통합적으로 검증하기 위해 다층분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 개인 수준에서 여성일수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 높을수록 평등한 성역할 태도를 갖는 것으로, 맞벌이지원정책 수준이 높을수록 성역할 태도의 젠더평등 지향성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. This article examines the role of family policy institutions in structuring gender role attitudes in welfare states. Family policies not only have influenced the actual labour force participation of both women and men, but in their institutional arrangements also reflect normative views about the roles of women and men on the labour market and within the family. They can also give rise to a certain of norms regarding the ``proper`` role of women in society. The conceptualization of family policy institutions is inspired by the work done by Korpi(2000), who has argued that family policy institutions can be characterized as mainly directed towards the support of either a dual-earner family or general family(especially, single-earner family). Hypotheses regarding cross-national differences in attitudes towards gender role was tested on 19 welfare states included in the 2002 International Social Survey Programme(ISSP) module and the 2003 Korean General Social Survey. Analyses was performed using multi-level regression. According to the empirical analysis, women have a significantly higher coefficient than men; level of educational attainment has a significantly positive effect; and age has a significantly negative effect. The degree of support to a dual-earner family has a positive effect on gender role attitudes, while the degree of support to general family has no significant effect on gender role attitudes.

맞벌이 가구 남편의 성역할 태도 유형이 부인의 결혼만족도에 미치는 영향 : 남편의 양육참여 빈도와 온정적 양육행동의 매개효과

강미선(Miseon Kang),전혜정(Hey Jung Jun),정인혜(Inhye Jung),송시영(Si Young Song) 한국가족학회 2020 가족과 문화 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구에서는 맞벌이 가구 남편의 성역할 태도를 유형화하고 남편의 성역할 태도 유형이 남편의 양육참여 빈도와 온정적 양육행동을 통해 부인의 결혼만족도에 영향을 미치는 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널 7차(2014), 8차(2015) 자료를 사용하였으며, 연구대상으로 두 차 년도에 부부 모두 응답하였고 학령 초기 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 가구의 부부 417쌍을 선정하였다. 남편의 성역할 태도 유형을 탐색하기 위해 잠재프로파일분석을 실시한 후 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 SPSS PROCESS Macro의 매개모형 Model 4를 이용하여 간접효과와 직접효과, 총 효과를 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 남편의 성역할 태도에 대한 2개의 잠재유형이 도출되었고 이를 정체된 양육자형과 변화한 양육자형으로 명명하였다. 남편의 양육참여 빈도와 온정적 양육행동을 매개변인으로 투입한 연구 모형들에서는 두 변인 모두 남편의 성역할 태도 유형과 부인의 결혼만족도 간 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 성역할 태도 척도가 포함하는 다측면성을 고려하여 유형화할 필요가 있음을 재확인하였으며, 남편의 성역할 태도가 부인의 결혼만족도에 미치는 영향과 그 메커니즘을 확인했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이러한 결과는 맞벌이 가구의 결혼생활과 관련된 가족 정책 및 남편의 양육참여 도모를 목적으로 하는 프로그램을 개발할 필요성을 제기함과 동시에 그에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study aimed to identify patterns of the gender role attitude among husbands in dual-income households and to examine the mediating effect of the patterns of husbands’ gender role attitude on wives’ marital satisfaction through husbands’ frequency of child-rearing participation and warm parenting. 7th (2014) and 8th (2015) data of Panel Study on Korean Children were used. The samples included 417 dual-income married couples who responded to both 7th and 8th surveys. Using Mplus 7.3, a latent profile analysis was conducted to identify patterns of husbands gender role attitudes. And model 4 of SPSS PROCESS macro was used to examine indirect effects, direct effects, and total effects. As a result of a latent profile analysis, husbands’ gender role attitudes were classified with two groups. These groups were named “Stalled fathers” and “Evolving fathers”, respectively. And husbands’ frequency of child-rearing participation and warm parenting mediated the relationship between the husbands’ gender role attitude pattern and wives’ marital satisfaction. The results of this study 1) suggest the gender role attitude should be discussed in view of various aspects, 2) propose a new approach and interpretation about fathers’ gender role attitude and 3) explain the mechanism between husbands’ gender role attitude pattern and wives’ marital satisfaction which is mediated by husbands’ frequency of child-rearing participation and warm parenting. These results can provide key data concerning the development of family policies and programs related to the marriage of dual-income households. These also imply the importance of gender sensitivity education for gender equality awareness and expanding the husband s caring identity. It will also be necessary to provide joint decision-making education to help couples roles be well shared and coordinated. Along with, policy intervention to encourage companies to support male workers participation in child-rearing is necessary to be pursued continuously.

가족친화적 생활환경만족도와 역할만족도 및 역할긴장도가 기혼 취업남녀의 결혼생활향상도에 미치는 영향

박주희,김양호 한국가족관계학회 2012 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate satisfaction(spatial environment, family support facilities, family support programs) with the family-friendly life environment, and role satisfaction and role strain on marital ENRICHMENT of dual-earner employed men and women. Data were collected from 206 dual-earner employed men and women who are residing in the Seoul area. Our findings are as follows. First, while dual-earner employed men and women sampled for this study shows they experienced relatively high satisfaction with spatial environment that satisfaction with family support facilities and family support programs, also they experienced a relatively high level of marital ENRICHMENT. Second, our findings tentatively confirmed that there were only two variables that significantly affected marital ENRICHMENT of dual-enrner employed men and women: the level of role satisfaction and the level of role strain.

영아 자녀를 둔 맞벌이 어머니들의 부모됨의 경험

임해진(Heajin Im),조유진(Yujin Cho) 인지발달중재학회 2018 인지발달중재학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This study investigates the process through which dual-income mothers mature into their parentals roles, and explores the meaning and experience of parenting among dual-income parents. For this purpose, we interviewed three mothers raising infant children in dual-income families; they participated in in-depth interviews. Researchers collected and analyzed the data using reflective journals. The results of this study were as follows. Working mothers of infants in dual-income families were categorized as “housewives,” “dual-income parents,” or “selected-mothers in dual-income families.” ‘responsibility to the mothers in dual-income families’, something that can be give up and can’t, ‘regrets for the parent support system’. There were many reasons why the research participants chose to be working mothers, but ultimately, the main reason was on behalf of the child. Nevertheless, they felt the burden of parenting while working and adjusted their lives to reflect their experience of what they could and could not afford to do. The research participants were developing into more mature parents; they felt responsibility through the experience of giving up aspects of their lives and fulfilling their duty. The results of this study can be used as basic data to develop parent education programs or policies for dual-income families by understanding how dual-income family experience and understand the parenting process. 본 연구는 맞벌이 어머니들이 부모 역할 수행을 통해 부모로서 성숙하여 가는 과정을 살펴보고 이를 통해 맞벌이 부모의 부모됨의 경험과 그 의미를 탐색하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 3명의 맞벌이 어머니를 심층 면담하여 자료를 수집하였다. 이외에도 참여관찰과 연구자의 반성적 저널이 문서자료로 활용되었다. 연구결과, 영아를 양육하는 맞벌이 어머니들의 부모됨은 크게 ‘전업주부? 맞벌이? 맞벌이 엄마를 택하다’, ‘맞벌이 어머니로서의 무게감’, ‘포기할 수 없는 것과 내려놓아야 할 것’, ‘양육지원 체계에 대한 아쉬움’이라는 주제로 범주화되었다. 연구 참여자들이 취업모를 선택한 이유는 다양했으나 궁극적으로는 자녀를 위한 길이라는 점이 이유가 되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이들은 실제 부모 역할과 직장 일에 대한 무게감을 느끼며 포기할 수 없는 것과 내려놓아야 할 것이 있음을 경험하면서 삶을 조정해갔다. 연구 참여자들은 무게감 속에서 책임감을 얻고, 포기하는 것을 통해 새로 얻게 되는 것을 경험하며 보다 성숙한 부모가 되어가고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 맞벌이 어머니의 부모됨의 과정과 경험의 의미를 제공함으로써 맞벌이 부모를 위한 부모교육 프로그램 개발이나 맞벌이 가정을 위한 정책 마련의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.