휠체어 장애인 의복 기능성 향상을 위한 국내외 의류제품 및 논문, 특허에 관한 연구

양정은 ( Chung Eun Yang ),이재향 ( Jae Hyang Lee ),박광애 ( Gwang Ae Park ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2014 한국디자인포럼 Vol.42 No.-

This study is a basic research to develop off-the-rack clothes for the disabled in wheelchairs, analyzing the reality and research cases focusing on the domestic and international clothing products for the disabled in wheelchairs. Although there is the only Korean clothing shopping website for the disabled in wheelchairs, named `My-Rio`, it has limitation in repair and alteration of the products. In overseas cases, such clothing products have been developed in order of gender from male to female to unisex. In terms of the characteristics by item, the products have been developed in order of size, esthetic elements and functionality. Among the items, pants are found to be developed the most at 60.2% in bottoms. The domestic researches on clothing development have been continued with 33 research papers in Korea compared to four papers in foreign countries. However, Korea has yet to have direct sales markets while overseas countries have robust sales markets despite a small number of research cases on the subject. Looking at the patents, all 11 domestic patent products mostly focused on mobility while all seven overseas patent products were developedmainly for detachable convenience. As a result, the analysis on the clothing shopping website indicates the need for domestic online and offline markets for the disabled in wheelchairs. The result of the analysis in this paper showed the reality of clothing development for the disabled in wheelchairs and the design and functionality of the clothing that reflects the physical attributes of the disabled in wheelchair. This will be the foundation of development and commercialization of the clothing for the disabled in wheelchair, and be the basic data to develop a large-scale production system for the disabled in wheelchair in the future.

장애인을 위한 관광지 구비시설요인이 관광만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

오지은(Ji Eun Oh) 한국관광연구학회 2011 관광연구저널 Vol.25 No.5

The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of facility factors on disabled travel, and also to examine the influence of facility factors on the overall travel satisfaction focusing on the physically disabled. Importance of facility factors as travel constraints was evaluated in the terms of ``wheelchair accessibility``, ``handicap parking``, ``handicap room``, ``handicap bath``, ``handicap elevator``, ``handicap ramp slope``, ``handicapped bedroom``, ``handicap shower seat``, ``handicap restroom``, ``discount for the disabled``, ``location of toilet and basin``, ``knob for the disabled``, ``space for wheelchair rotating``, ``emergency bell·alarm system``, ``help from tour guide``, and ``wheelchair mobility equipment supplies``. Main findings showed that ``wheelchair accessibility`` was proved as the most important facility factor for disabled tour, and ``space for wheelchair rotating·knob for the disabled``, and ``emergency bell·alarm system`` gave an influence on overall satisfaction of the physically disabled travelers. This implies that renovation and supplement of facility factors make disabled travellers feel comfortable and safe during their travel, and it leads to activate disabled travel.

교통약자 자율주행서비스 요구사항에 대한 우선순위 연구: 휠체어 이용 장애인 및 보행 장애인을 중심으로

김석현,장정아,도유미,홍현근 한국데이터전략학회 2024 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.31 No.3

. The development of autonomous driving technology is expected to bring about a major change in the mobility rights of the transportation vulnerable. It is very important to identify user requirements in developing autonomous vehicles and service technologies for the transportation vulnerable. User requirements were derived for the wheelchair disabled and the walking disabled. Through focus interviews, a total of 58 requirements were derived for wheelchair-using disabled people and 53 requirements for walking disabled people. A Kano survey was conducted on 33 wheelchair disabled and 34 walking disabled. After that, the quality types of functional requirements in terms of autonomous vehicles and service environment development were analyzed using the Kano model. Priority analysis was conducted on the functions required by the wheelchair. disabled and the walking disabled. The results of this study can be used as basic data to determine the priorities of user function requirements in the early stages of autonomous vehicle and service technology development

대규모 공연장의 장애인 편의시설 개선을 위한 연구 -휠체어 이용자를 중심으로-

우채영 ( Woo Chaeyoung ),유준아 ( Yu Jun-ah ),황연숙 ( Hwang Yeosook ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.7

(Background and purpose) The purpose of this study is to propose measures to improve facilities for the disabled in large-scale concert halls to watch performances and promote cultural life for the disabled. (Methods and scope) In order to achieve this purpose, the BF certification status of large-scale concert halls in Seoul was identified through a case study, and the satisfaction and inconvenience of disabled people using wheelchairs were analyzed through an interview survey, and proposed measures to improve accordingly. The scope of the research was limited to those with wheelchairs among the physically handicapped, and the scope of the target audience was limited to those established after the 2000s among those with 1,000 or less seats, which are conditions for large-scale performance halls. (Results)First, the BF certification standards for facilities for the disabled in large-scale performance halls were evaluated by dividing them into seats, reception desk, main entrance, and parking lot, and found that no space has met all of the BF certification standards. The ratio of unsatisfactory was high, including the height of the reception desk in consideration of wheelchair users, the number of seats in the stands, the height of the elevator handle, and the location of the parking area. Second, the locations of the wheelchair seats in the auditorium were all located or distributed near the entrance that was easy to evacuate during evacuation, which was highly dissatisfied with wheelchair users. Third, there are no seats available for non-disabled companions, so an interview found that wheelchair users wanted to be present with their family or friends.(Conclusion) This research target is a large-scale, well-known concert hall located in Seoul and has a better performing environment than other cultural facilities, but it does not apply all basic BF certification standards. For large-scale venues, more careful design plans are required to help wheelchair users enjoy the performance more comfortably. As a design proposal for this purpose, a wheelchair seat is placed next to the aisle seat by broadening the passage between the seats in the side entrance as well as the rear entrance, and some seats in the seats are installed in a variable manner to enable non-disabled accompanying persons to be seated. It also provides convenient access for wheelchair users by installing automatic doors in the form of main entrance. These improvements will enhance accessibility to the venues for the disabled and further promote active viewing of the performances.

휠체어스포츠경기 관람객의 지체장애인스포츠이미지가 장애태도에 미치는 영향

오아라,김경진 한국특수체육학회 2018 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.26 No.2

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of sports image of physical disabilities on disability attitudes of individuals who experienced indirect sports in wheelchair sports games by watching wheelchair sports games. In order to accomplish the goals of the study, the data were collected from 376 individuals who have visited wheelchair sports games, have experienced in wheelchair sports games ,and have visited wheelchair sports field in the field of the National Sports Games for the Disabled in Jecheon, Chungbuk in 2017. A total of 376 participants in this study were analyzed for final validity, not selected 21 participants due to unfair responses. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability, correlation, and regression using SPSS WIN Ver. 18.0, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed using AMOS 18.0. The results were as follows. The sports image of physical disabilities affected emotion, thoughts, and behavior which are the sub-factors of disability attitudes of individuals who are spectator in wheelchair sports games. First, the attraction and activity play affected the emotions in the sports image of physical disabilities. Second, the attention, compassion, and activity play affected the thoughts in the sports image of physical disabilities. Third, the charm and sympathy affected the behavior in the sports image of physical disabilities. 이 연구는 휠체어 스포츠를 관람을 통하여 장애인 스포츠에 간접적인 경험을 한 사람들의 지체장애인스포츠 이미지는 어떠하고 장애태도에는 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 목적을 달성하기 위하여 2017년 충북 제천에서 개최한 전국장애인체육대회 현장에서 휠체어 스포츠를 관람하고 있는 사람들과 관람을 마치고 나온 사람들과 휠체어스포츠 현장에서 관람을 한 경험이 있는 376명을 대상으로 선정하였다. 전체 376부 설문지 중 불성실하다고 판단되는 21부의 설문지를 제외한 총 358부를 최종 유효 표본으로 분석하였다. 자료는 SPSSWINVer.18.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였고, AMOS 18.0을 활용하여 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 이에 따른 결과는 다음과 같다. 휠체어스포츠 경기 관람객이 느끼는 지체장애인스포츠이미지는 장애태도의 하위요인 감정, 생각, 행동에 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세부적으로 살펴보면, 첫째, 지체장애스포츠이미지 중 매력과 활동유희성은 감정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지체장애스포츠이미지 중 매력과 동정심, 활동유희성은 생각에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지체장애스포츠이미지 중 매력과 동정심은 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

휠체어 사용 장애인의 이동 편의를 위한 모바일 지도 앱의 UX 디자인

양수지,김성우 한국에이치씨아이학회 2019 한국HCI학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.4

Since the enactment of the 「The Mobility Enhancement for the Mobility Impaired Act」, each local government have been continuing to make efforts to improve the transit convenience for the disabled with wheelchairs, but improvements in the practical aspects of the facility, such as the actual usability quality and occupancy satisfaction, have been relatively slow. Although there have been several attempts to collect accessibility information through crowd sourcing in the mobile map app, the lack of service areas and information volumes has not overcome the limits of persistence. Thus, there is no service available to enable movement of disabled with wheelchairs. This study identified the pain points and requirements of the disabled with wheelchairs through user research to design and evaluate map app prototype for their transit conveience. As a result, the four factors of pain point experience – facilities/environment, non-predictability, individuality and sensibility – were derived and used for analyzing map app cases for wheelchair users. This study also evaluated the prototype and found that it is possible to improve the mobility of wheelchair users easily, even without deteriorating the usability of existing apps. This study has practical implications in that it suggested meausres that can be empathized by the user and substantially enhance the transit conveniece. 교통약자의 이동편의 증진법」제정으로 각 지자체가 휠체어 사용 장애인의 이동 편의성 향상을 위해 지속적으로 노력하고 있지만, 지원 시설물의 실제적 사용성 품질이나 탑승 만족도 등 경험적 측면에서의 향상은 상대적으로더딘 편이다. 모바일 지도 앱 역시 크라우드 소싱으로 접근성 정보를 수집하려는 시도가 여러 차례 있었지만, 서비스 제공 지역 및 정보 양 부족으로 인해 지속성이라는 한계를 극복하지 못하고 있다. 이와 같이 실질적으로 휠체어사용 장애인의 이동을 가능하게 하는 서비스는 부재한 상황이다. 본 연구는 사용자 조사를 통해 휠체어 사용 장애인의 페인포인트와 요구사항을 파악하여 이동 편의를 위한 지도 앱 프로토타입을 제작 및 평가하였다. 그 결과, 시설/ 환경, 비예측성, 개별성, 감성의 4가지 이동 페인포인트 경험 요소를 도출하고 이를 활용하여 휠체어 사용자를 위한지도 앱 사례를 분석하였다. 또한 사용자를 대상으로 프로토타입을 평가하여 기존 앱의 사용성을 해치지 않는 범위에서도 휠체어 사용 장애인의 이동 편의성을 크게 향상시킬 수 있음을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 사용자가 공감할 수있고, 실질적으로 이동 편의성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시했다는 점에서 실용적인 의의를 가진다.

휠체어 탑승 가능 고속/시외버스 정책, 어떻게 설계되어야 하는가?: 버스 운전자 및 버스 이용객 인터뷰를 중심으로

김진희,강병도,나준희 한국유통경영학회 2019 유통경영학회지 Vol.22 No.4

A wheelchair-ready express bus service will begin. It is a desirable policy in terms of ensuring equal mobility rights for the disabled who use wheelchairs. However, if the goal is to activate rather than introduce a policy, it is necessary to listen to the opinions of various stakeholders regarding . Stakeholders include bus carriers, bus drivers and non-disabled users. This study listened to stakeholders' grievances regarding policy implementation through interviews. Interviews are divided into two parts. The first was for bus carriers and bus drivers, and the second was for non-disabled passengers. An interview with The bus driver, bus driver was able to confirm to the contents of the five demands. First, they agree to ensure the disabled as a universal welfare of all else. Second, the response to the opinion of the social stakeholders is required. Third, driving the bus driver's excessive stress occur. Fourth, bus drivers do unnecessary extra labor. Fifth, the bus driver breaks, is reduced. As a result of the interview with the bus passengers, the following three points were identified: First, they should be given a bus option to non-disabled people. Second, people tend to be conscious of others. If these tendencies are used actively, policies related to the disabled can be actively expanded. Third, there is a need for rate benefits in order to establish policies early. 휠체어 탑승 가능 고속/시외버스 운행이 시작할 예정이다. 휠체어를 이용하는 장애인 입장에서 평등한 이동권 보장 측면에서 매우 바람직한 정책이다. 그러나 정책의 도입이 아닌 활성화를 목표로 한다면, 정책 시행과 관련하여 다양한 이해관계자의 의견을 들어야 한다. 이해관계자에는 버스 운송회사, 버스 운전자, 비장애인 이용객 등이 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 이들과의 인터뷰를 통해 정책 시행과 관련한 이해관계자의 고충사항을 청취하였다. 인터뷰는 2개 파트로 구분된다. 첫 번째는 버스 운송회사 및 버스 운전자를 대상으로 진행하였으며, 두 번째는 비장애인 이용객을 대상으로 하였다. 버스 운전자와의 인터뷰 결과, 버스 운전자들은 5가지의 내용을 요구함을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 보편적 복지로서 장애인의 이동권을 보장하는 것에는 동의한다. 둘째, 사회적 이해 당사자 의견에 대한 대처가 필요하다. 셋째, 버스 운전자의 과도한 운전 스트레스 발생한다. 넷째, 버스 운전자의 불필요한 추가 노동이 발생한다. 다섯째, 버스 운전자의 휴식시간이 감소한다. 버스 이용객과의 인터뷰 결과, 다음 3가지 사항을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 비장애인에게 버스 선택권을 부여해야 한다. 둘째, 사람들이 타인을 의식하는 경향이 있어 이를 적극 활용하면 사회 문화적으로 긍정적으로 확산시킬 수 있다. 셋째, 단기간에 정책을 정착시키기 위해서는 요금혜택의 필요성이 있다.

Design of Ergonomic Front-Entry Sitting Toilet System for People using Wheelchairs

Hyun Ae Chung,Jemo Park,Jung Bo Hwang,Hee Dong Kim,Hwa Shik Jung 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회지 Vol.35 No.5

Objective:The objective of this study is to develop an ergonomic toilet system along with constituent facilities that can be used with the front-entry sitting method when transferring from wheelchair to the toilet stool, instead of using the back-entry sitting method which is currently used. This system can offer more ease, convenience and safety for wheelchair users when using the restroom. Background: For users with disabilities, even a dedicated handicapped toilet requires maneuvering, especially when in a wheelchair. To transfer from wheelchair to the current back-entry sitting toilet, users need to get closer to the toilet and then turn or twist after erecting their body to get onto the toilet. This method induces inconvenience as well as secondary injury by falling when transferring to/from toilet. Method: To design a front-entry sitting toilet system, an ergonomics approach was applied which introduces a new design concept for people using wheelchairs. Using this toilet system, the wheelchair users don"t need to turn or twist but can simply slide forward off the wheelchair directly onto the toilet stool in an easier and safer way. Results: The newly developed front-entry sitting toilet system is easier and safer for wheelchair users, and also space efficient requiring only two-thirds of the space of existing handicapped toilet. It is also usable by both individuals with disabilities and the general population. Conclusion: With the spread of the front-entry sitting toilet system developed in this study, wheelchair users can benefit from enhanced convenience and safety as well as significant restroom space savings. Additional effects can also be achieved such as improved self-esteem of people with disabilities by enabling to use the toilet on their own. Application: The newly developed front-entry sitting toilet system should enhance toilet accessibility to wheelchair users and the elderly. Introduction is needed with efforts at the national policy level and a macroscopic objective to promote the health and safety of the handicapped.

장기간의 휠체어테니스 운동이 지체장애인의 체력과 정신건강에 미치는 영향

김동원 한국지체.중복.건강장애교육학회 2009 지체.중복.건강장애연구 Vol.52 No.4

The purpose of the study was to make a close inquiry into what effect the physically disabled persons’ frequency of participation in regular ball exercise for 12 weeks had on their physical strength and mental health with wheelchair tennis in high frequency of participation, and to utilize it as a scientific ground data (motivation) to activate their participation in exercises. The study was carried out with the posterior physically disabled using B welfare center for the disabled in A city and divided them into 12 participatory group and 12 non-participatory group. The study calculated average and standard deviation between the participatory group and the non-participatory group by each dependent variable with SPSS WIN Version 17.0. In average comparison between the two group, the study carried out analysis of covariance comparing post-test measures by regarding pre-test measures as a covariate variable, and set up statistic significant level as .05. The results of the study were as follows. In physical strength, muscular strength, flexibility and muscular endurance (push-up, chin-up) after the participatory group participated in the exercise had a high level. Also in mental health, negative factors such as tension, melancholy, anger, fatigue and confusion were reduced after the participatory group participated in the exercise. Vitality out of affirmative factors was increased after participating in the exercise. Therefore, 12-week wheelchair tennis had an affirmative effect on physical and psychological changes of the physically disabled. The study came to a conclusion that wheelchair tennis brought very affirmative results to changes of mental health as well as changes of physical strength lowered by trouble of the physically disabled. 이 연구의 목적은 지체장애인을 대상으로 12주간 규칙적인 구기운동참여, 즉 지체장애인들의 참여빈도가 높은 휠체어테니스 종목을 적용하여 체력과 정신건강에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 지체장애인의 운동 참여를 활성화 할 수 있는 과학적인 근거자료(동기유발)를 제공하는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 A시에 거주하면서 B장애인복지시설을 이용하고 있는 후천적 지체장애인들로 남성 지체장애인 참여집단 12명과 비참여집단 12명으로 하였다. 측정된 자료는 SPSS WIN Version 17.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 참여집단과 비참여집단 간의 평균과 표준편차를 종속변인별로 구하였다. 두 집단 간의 평균비교는 사전검사 측정값을 공변인으로 하여 사후검사 측정값을 서로 비교하는 공분산분석(Analysis of Covariance)으로 분석하였으며, 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 체력에 있어서 참여집단의 운동참여 후 근력, 유연성, 근지구력(팔굽혀 펴기, 턱걸이)의 수준이 높게 나타났으며, 정신건강에 있어서도 긴장, 우울, 분노, 피로, 혼동의 부정적인 요인에서 참여집단의 운동참여 후, 그 수준이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 긍정적 요인인 활력에서 운동참여 후 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 12주간의 휠체어테니스 운동은 지체장애인들의 신체적, 심리적 변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 지체장애인의 장애로 인해 저하된 체력적 변화의 개선뿐만 아니라, 특히 심리적인 정신건강의 변화에도 긍정적인 결과를 가져온다는 결론을 얻었다.

한국형 경기용 휠체어 개발을 위한 지체장애선수의 인체측정 및 경기용 휠체어 부위별 측정

정진완 ( Jin Owan Jung ),조창옥 ( Chang Ok Cho ),한희창 ( Hee Chang Han ),오광진 ( Kwang Jin Oh ) 한국특수체육학회 2009 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 2009년 1월 현재 경기용 휠체어를 사용하고 있는 지체장애선수들을 대상으로 인체치수와 경기용 휠체어 부위별 치수를 조사한 후 비교·분석하고, 기존 경기용 휠체어의 문제점을 파악하여 경기용 휠체어 제품설계 및 휠체어 개발을 하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구대상자는 대한장애인체육회 가맹단체에 소속되어 있는 경기용 휠체어를 사용하고 있는 지체장애 남자선수 114명을 대상으로 20∼29세 29명(25.4%), 30∼39세 47명(41.3%), 40∼49세 29명(25.4%), 50세 이상 9명(7.9%)을 선정하였다. 기본적인 인체측정 항목과 경기용 휠체어 부위별 측정항목은 Martin식 인체측정기를 사용하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 16.0 프로그램과 EXCEL 2007 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계 및 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경기용 휠체어 사용선수의 연령별 평균 인체측정비교에서 대부분의 측정항목(어깨너비, 가슴너비, 윗팔길이, 가슴둘레, 앉은무릎높이, 앉은오금높이, 엉덩이무릎길이, 엉덩이오금길이, 골반너비, 앉은엉덩이너비, 체중) 모두 50세 이상에서 큰 측정값을 나타냈다. 둘째, 경기용 휠체어를 사용하는 지체장애선수들의 스포츠등급별 백분율은 1∼1.5등급인 경우 19.3%, 2∼2.5등급인 경우 26.0%, 3∼3.5등급인 경우 12.3%, 4등급 이상 및 통합등급인 경우 32.4%로 나타났으며, 경기용 휠체어 기본모델은 4등급 이상 및 통합등급을 기준으로 개발할 필요성이 제기되었다. 셋째, 스포츠등급에 따른 경기용 휠체어 측정치는 좌석엉덩이깊이와 등받이높이에서 스포츠등급이 낮을 수 록 높은 값을 보였다. 넷째, 인체측정자료와 경기용 휠체어의 부위별 치수비교에서는 앉은 엉덩이너비와 경기용 휠체어 좌석너비간 모든 등급에서 25mm 미만의 값을 보였으며, 엉덩이오금길이와 경기용 휠체어 좌석엉덩이무릎길이에서도 큰 차이는 없었다. 이에 반해, 앉은오금높이와 경기용 휠체어 앞좌석높이 비교에서는 높은 등급일수록 차이가 크게 나타났고, 견갑골높이와 등받이높이에서는 등급이 낮을수록 등받이높이가 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 인체측정치 결과는 우리나라 지체장애선수의 체형에 적합하고 인간공학적 측면에서 바람직한 경기용 휠체어를 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 생각된다. This study is the basic study for developing the Korean style sports wheelchair. The purpose of this study was to compare it with the anthropomeric data of disabled by grasping a special quality of the Korean athletes` shape and a sports wheelchair. The subjects were selected 114 male athletes with physical disabilities using a sports wheelchair belonging to the federation in KOSAD. They were 29 in twenties, 47 in thirties, 29 in forties, and 9 in fifties. Martin`s anthropometer was used to collect data for basic anthropometic item and measure item of each part of the sports wheelchair. The data were treated by descriptive statistics and frequency analysis in using SPSS 16.0 and EXCEL 2007. The results were as follows. In the body measure comparison between athletes using a sports wheelchair sitting height, chest width, upper arm length, lower arm length, the girth of his chest, the pelvis width, and weight of the athletes using a sports wheelchair was larger the average anthropometric value was large in fifties. The frequency of sports grade of the athletes using a sports wheelchair was 19.3% in 1 to 1.5 grade, 26% in 2 to 2.5 grade, 12.3% in 3 to 3.5 grade, and 32.4% in over 4 grade and unified grade. In comparison about the part size of a sports wheelchair and the anthropometric data of athletes, the seat width, the seat depth, the seat height, and the back of the chair had a great difference at each grade, and the maximum and minimum value was large. In the measure value of a sports wheelchair according to the grade of sports, the hip breadth and the height of the back of a chair as large as the grade of sports was low. In the size comparison classified by the part of a sports wheelchair and the body measure data, the width of hip breadth and the width of the chair was under 25mm at every grade, and Buttock-popliteal length and Buttock-knee length was not difference significantly. On the other hand, the height of the thigh clearance and the height of the front seat of a sports wheelchair was large as the grade was higher, and in comparison of the height of the scapular and the height of the back of the chair, the lower the grade was, the higher the back of the chair was. It will be the foundation to design a sports wheelchair that fits in Korea body shape and suits with human factor through comparing and analyzing the result of the body measure value and a sports wheelchair in this study.