디젤연료로서 혼합유를 사용할 경우의 소형디젤 기관 성능에 관한 연구

고장권,고태규 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.8 No.1

This Paper is concerned with the usuability of t h e blend oil(diese1 oi1:rape-seed oil=50 : 50, capacity rate) as a fuel oil to reduce the usage of petroleum. Physical and chemical properties of blend oil as fuel oil are studied and analyzed experimentally. Engine performance from 900rpm to 1.900rpm is tested by operating small diesel engine(Ricard0 E.6 engine) injected blend oil and also t h e effects on the engine performance are investigated. The experimental results are summarized a s follows : 1. The lower heating value of blend oil is 10.130kcal/kg and flash point is 92℃. The values are different from diesel oil by 4.4% and 6.6%. respectively. 2.The viscosity of blend oil is 15.73 cSt. This value is 4.5 times larger than the value of diesel oil viscosity, but is 3.2 times smaller than the value of rape-seed oil viscosity. 3 . P-θ diagram shows t h a t the maximum explosion pressure of blend is 2~4kg/㎠ higher than that of diesel oil. 4 . Brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and exhaust temperature of blend oil are 7.5%. 3.5% and 3.9% higher than those of diesel oil, respectively. The brake thermal efficiency and noise are all most the same level compare to diesel oil. 5. Torque of blend oil is about 3.4% lower than that of diesel oil.

디젤燃料로서 混合油를 사용할 경우의 小型디젤 機關 性能에 관한 硏究

고태규,고장권 濟州大學校工科大學産業技術硏究所 1997 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.1

This Paper is concerned with the usuability of the blend oil(diesel oil:rape-seed oil=50 : 50. capacity rate) as a fuel oil to reduce the usage of petroleum. Physical and chemical properties of blend oil as fuel oil are studied and analyzed experimentally. Engine performance from 900rpm to 1.900rpm is tested by operating small diesel engine(Ricardo E.6 engine) injected blend oil and also the effects on the engine performance are investigated. The experimental results are summarized as follows : 1. The lower heating value of blend oil is 10.130kcal/kg and flash point is 92℃. The values are different from diesel oil by 4.4% and 6.6%, respectively. 2. The viscosity of blend oil is 15.73 cSt. This value is 4.5 times larger than the value of diesel oil viscosity. but is 3.2 times smaller than the value of rape-seed oil viscosity. 3. P-θ diagram shows that the maximum explosion pressure of blend is 2∼4kg/㎠ higher than that of diesel oil. 4. Brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and exhaust temperature of blend oil are 7.5%, 3.5% and 3.9% higher than those of diesel oil, respectively. The brake thermal efficiency and noise are all most the same level compare to diesel oil. 5. Torque of blend oil is about 3.4% lower than that of diesel oil.

디젤유 분해균주의 특성 및 토양배양

안민정,한윤전,임현섭,최기현,권오범,정병철 한국미생물학회 2003 미생물학회지 Vol.39 No.2

디젤유로 오염된 토양으로부터 분리한 디젤 분해 우수 균주를 HS 균주로 명명하고, 각 균주의 디젤유 분해능과 특성을 조사하였다. 분리된 HS균주의 동정결과 HSI 균주는 Acinetobacter sp. HS2, HS3 균주는Pseudomonas sp.로 동정되었다. 최소배지에서 디젤유2%, pH 7.0,$25^{\circ}C$, 교반속도 200 rpm의 조건으로 5일간 배양한 결과 HSI 균주는 88% 이상의 높은 분해효율을 나타내었다. 소수성과 유화능의 측정 결과 HSI 균주가 가장 높은 소수성을 나타내었고, 유화능은 HS3 균주가 가장 높게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 토대로 액체 배양시 분해효율이 가장 높은 HSI 균주를 선택하여 토양배양을 실시한 결과 30일이 경과된 후 80%이상의 디젤유 분해효율을 나타내었고, 디젤유 분해효율은 미생물 활성과 비례하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 신규 분리된 디젤유 분해균주는 높은 디젤유 분해능과 토양 생존능으로 실제 유류오염 환경에 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. Diesel oil-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from diesel oil contaminated soil and called HS series (HS1, HS2 and HS3). These strains were identified as Acinetobacter sp. (HS1) and Pseudomonas sp. (HS2 and HS3) based on Biolog test, cellular fatty acid composition, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. These strains were coltivated in liquid minimal media containing 2% diesel oil, and diesel oil-degrading activity was measured. As result, all strains degraded over 70% of total diesel oil. But PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)- and pris- tane-degrading rate of these strain was below 20% of total PAH and pristane. The HS 1 strain showed highest hydrophobicity and low emulsifying activity among the experimental strains and high diesel oil-degrading activity. From the above-mentioned result, microcosm experiment was performed with the HS1 strain. The HS1 strain showed a degrading activity of over 80% of total diesel oil in microcosm test. And microbial activity was correlated to diesel oil-degrading activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the HS1 strains could be effectively used for the bioremediation for diesel oil.

디젤기관의 경유-메탄올 혼합유 사용에 관한 실험적 조사

왕우경,서정주 여수대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The combustion and performance of diesel engines fueled with alcohol-diesel oil have been investigated because of its potential for low NOx and particulates emissions. One of the problems encountered in the use of alcohol-diesel oil blended fuel is the phase separation between two fuels. In this study, diesel oil and methanol were mixed compulsorily in preventing phase separation with installing agitators and a fuel oil boost pump on fuel oil line of test engine. The effects of diesel oil-methanol blended fuel on combustion characteristics and engine performance were investigated under various loads and blending ratio. The results showed that the engine performance and combustion characteristics were influenced by methanol blending ratio and variation of load. Especially, the result of 30% methanol blended fuel was different from those of other test fuels.

디젤-열분해유 유상액을 사용하는 직접분사식 디젤 엔진의 엔진성능 및 배기특성에 관한 연구

이석환 ( Seok Hwan Lee ),김호승 ( Ho Seung Kim ),김태영 ( Tae Young Kim ),우세종 ( Se Jong Woo ),강건용 ( Kern Yong Kang ) 한국분무공학회 2014 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Pyrolysis oil (PO), also known as Bio crude oil (BCO), has the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. PO has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of PO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the PO. One of the easiest way to adopt PO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of PO with the fuels that has higher cetane number. However, PO that has high amount of polar chemicals is immiscible with non polar hydrocarbons of diesel. Thus, to stabilize a homogeneous phase of diesel-PO blends, a proper surfactant should be used. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel and diesel-PO emulsions was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by diesel-PO emulsions were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with the emulsions and engine output power was comparable to diesel operation.

디젤기관 대체연료 미강유의 분사율 및 배기 배출물 특성

배명환(Myung-whan Bae),이봉섭(Bongsub Lee),임기창(Kichang Im),옥현진(Hyun-jin Ok),김인덕(In-deok Kim),한영욱(Young-wook Han),Syaiful,B. W. Riayndwita 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In order to investigate the effect of heated temperature on fuel injection rate for fuels such as light oil, blend of rice bran oil and light oil, and pure rice bran oil as a parameter of injection pump rack stroke, tests are performed by an injection pump tester at three kinds of cam shaft speed. In this study, also, the effects of rice bran oil properties on the fuel economy and exhaust emissions are experimentally examined by a single cylinder, four cycle, direct injection, water-cooled diesel engine operating at several engine loads and speeds. The fuel injection timing is fixed to 22° BTDC regardless of fuel types, engine loads and speeds. The kinematic viscosity of rice bran oil is very high compared with light oil. Also, the oxygen is not contained at all in light oil, while the oxygen contents of 10.7% are included in rice bran oil. In this study, results show that fuel injection rate increases as injection pump rack stroke and cam shaft speed are elevated at the same conditions, and as heated temperature is elevated with the exception of light oil. It is also found that brake specific fuel consumption rate and NOx emissions increase, while soot emissions decrease as the blending rate of rice bran oil is enriched. Thus we can conclude that the combustion process which affect the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of diesel engines using rice bran oil as a fuel is controlled by the differences of chemical and physical properties.

디젤기관에 있어서 미강유의 분사 및 배기 배출물 특성

배명환(Myung-whan Bae),안계수(Gye-soo Ahn),이봉섭(Bong-seop Lee),하정호(Jeong-ho Ha) 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In order to investigate the effect of heated temperature on fuel injection quantity for three kinds of fuels such as light oil, blends of rice bran oil with light oil and rice bran oil as a parameter of injection pump rack stroke, tests are performed by an injection pump tester at three kinds of cam shaft speed. In this study, also, the effects of rice bran oil properties on the fuel economy and exhaust emissions are experimentally examined by a single cylinder, four cycle, direct injection, water-cooled and agricultural diesel engine operating at several loads and speeds. The kinematic viscosity of rice bran oil is very high compared with light oil. Also. the oxygen is not included at all in light oil. while the oxygen contents of 10.7% are included in rice bran oil. The fuel injection timing is fixed to 22° BTDC regardless of fuel type, engine loads and speeds. Results show that fuel injection quantity increases as injection pump rack stroke and cam shaft speed are elevated at the same conditions, and as heated temperature is elevated with the exception of light oil. It is also found that brake specific fuel consumption rate and NOx emissions increase, while soot emissions decrease as the blend rate of rice bran oil is enriched. Thus we can conclude that the differences of chemical and physical properties control the major parameters of combustion process which affect the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of diesel engines using a rice bran oil as fuels.

저속 공회전시 커먼레일 디젤기관에서 디젤-팜오일 바이오디젤-에탄올 혼합연료의 연소 및 배기특성에 관한 연구

유병오,윤삼기,김민수,최낙정 한국기계기술학회 2020 한국기계기술학회지 Vol.22 No.1

In this study, we investigated the effects of diesel-palm oil biodiesel-ethanol blends on combustion and emission characteristics in a 4-cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine at low idling operations. The engine speed and engine load was 750 rpm and 40 Nm, while the main and pilot injection timing was respectively fixed at 2 °CA before top dead center (BTDC) and 20 °CA BTDC. The experimental results showed that the cylinder pressure increased with the increasing of palm oil biodiesel ratio from 20% to 100%. In addition, the peak value of cylinder pressure increased by 4.35% compared with pure diesel fuel when 5 vol.% ethanol oil added to diesel oil. Because the palm oil biodiesel and ethanol are the oxygenated fuel, the oxygen content played an important role in improving combustion. Based on the high oxygen content of biodiesel and ethanol, their mixing with diesel fuel effectively reduced PM emissions but increased NOx slightly, while CO and HC had no significant changes.

고체 산 촉매를 이용한 고산가 음폐유의 에스테르화 반응 동역학 연구 및 반응 최적화

이화성(Hwa Sung Lee),이준표(Joon Pyo Lee),이진석(Jin Suk Lee),김덕근(Deog Keun Kim) 한국유화학회 2017 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.34 No.3

지구 온난화, 석유고갈, 환경오염에 대한 해결 방안으로 수송부분에서 국제적으로 바이오연료에 관한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 바이오디젤은 석유계 디젤과 비교해 이산화탄소 및 대기오염 물질 배출이 적고 세탄가가 높은 장점을 가지고 있다. 현재 국내 바이오디젤 수요는 지속적으로 증가하고 있으나 원료부족으로 인해 수입의존도가 커지고 있는 상황이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구는 현재 사용되지 않는 음폐유(약 33 % 유리지방산 함유)를 Amberlyst-15 촉매가 이용한 에스테르화 반응을 통해 바이오디젤 원료로서 활용가능성을 확인 하였다. 다양한 반응 조건의 영향을 조사하기 위한 실험을 수행한 결과 반응온도 383 K에서 97.62 %의 전환율을 얻었으며, 반응속도는 353 K에서 373 K로 증가 할 때 최대 1.99 배까지 상승하였다. 또한 동역학적 결과를 이용하여 29.75 kJ/mol의 활성화 에너지를 확인하여 선행연구에서 연구된 타 고체촉매에 비해 에스테르화반응에 Amberlyst-15 더 적합함을 확인하였다. 그리고 메탄올 몰 비가 증가함에 따라 최대 91.43 %의 반응 전환율을 확인하였고, 촉매량 영향의 경우 0 wt%에서 20 wt%까지 증가시킨 결과반응 전환율이 43.78 %에서 94.62 %까지, 초기 반응 속도는 1.1∼1.4 배로 상승하는 것을 확인하였다. 교반속도의 경우 100∼900 rpm의 조건에 따라 실험을 수행하였으나 반응 전환율에는 큰 영향을 주지 않음을 확인하였고 반응 시간에 따른 영향의 경우 240 분 까지 산가 감소를 보이다가 300 분이 지나면서부터 산가가 상승하는 결과를 가져왔다. 그리고 위 실험들을 통해 도출된 최적 조건을 적용하여 음폐유 에스테르화 반응에 적용하였고 그 결과 반응시간 60 분에서 음폐유와 모사 폐유지간의 13 %의 반응 전환율 차이를 보였으나 최종 240 분 반응 전환율은 모사 폐유지 98.12 %, 음폐유는 97.62 %로 거의 유사한 결과를 얻었다. Transport biofuels have been recognized as a promising means to resolve the following issues like global warming, oil depletion and environmental pollutions. Among various biofuels, biodiesel has several advantages such as less emission of air pollutants and higher cetane values compared to diesel oil. Demand for biodiesel in Korea is increasing that leads to higher dependence on the imported feedstocks. Therefore, it is important to utilize the waste materials collected domestically for biodiesel production. Food waste oil collected in waste treatment facility has not been used for biodiesel production due to high free fatty contents in the oil. In this work, biodiesel conversion of food waste oil by Amberlyst 15 was studied. Synthetic and actual food waste oils have been used in the study. First, the effects of the major operating parameters including reaction temperature, methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst loading on the conversion rates and yields were determined with synthetic waste oil. Kinetic modelling work was also done to determine the activation energy of the reaction. From the work, optimization reaction conditions were determined to be 383K, 1: 26.1 for methanol molar ratio to oil, 10 wt.% for catalyst loading and 360 min for reaction time. Activation energy of the reaction is determined to be 29.75 kJ/mol, lower than those reported in the previous works. So the solid catalyst, Amberlyst 15, was more efficient for esterification than the solid catalysts employed in the other works. Agitation rates have the negligible effects on the conversion rates and yields. With the identified optimization conditions, conversion of the actual food waste oil was also carried out. The esterification yield of actual food waste oil in 60 min was 13% lower than that of synthetic waste oil but the final yields in 240 min were similar each other, 98.12% for synthetic oil and 97.62% for actual waste oil.

이젤차량의 주행거리에 따른 DPF 윤활유의 특성분석에 관한 실험적 연구

김청균(Chung Kyun Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2009 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.25 No.5

The oil characteristics and wear particles of Diesel engines with a DPF have been investigated as a function of a driving distance. The engine oil of SAE 5W30 with ACEA C3 is used for an oil film lubrication of the engine, which is equipped with Diesel particulate filter. Depending on the oil test results, the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 40 is degraded up to 5.1% compared with that of unused engine oils, SAE 5W30. And the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 100 is more degraded up to 8.1% compared with that of unused engine oils. The oil characteristic as a function of a mileage is not changed depending on the driving distance because of high quality of engine oils. But the aluminum and copper compounds, which are used as base materials of the engine bearing and a pin bush, are much worn and contaminated for the increased mileage of the car. The oil properties of used engine oils are relatively good except phosphorus and calcium additives, which are heavily engaged in the performance of the oils.