CNG/Diesel 이종연료용 엔진의 성능 및 배출가스 특성에 대한 연구

임옥택(Ock Taeck Lim) 대한기계학회 2011 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.35 No.9

CNG/diesel dual-fuel 엔진은 CNG 를 주 연료로 사용하고 소량의 디젤을 착화제로서 실린더 내에 분사한다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 디젤엔진을 커먼레일직접분사(CRDI)를 통하여 고압으로 디젤을 분사하고, 예혼합을 위하여 CNG 를 흡기포트에 분사하는 CNG/diesel dual-fuel 엔진으로 개조하였다. CNG/diesel dualfuel engine 은 기존의 디젤엔진과 동등한 수준의 토크 및 출력성능을 나타내었다. 또한, CNG 대체율은 CNG/diesel dual-fuel 엔진의 전체 운전영역에 대하여 89% 이상을 만족시켰다. Dual-fuel 엔진의 PM 배출농도는 디젤엔진보다 94% 더 낮게 나타났지만, NOx 배출농도는 더 높게 나타났다. In a CNG/diesel dual-fuel engine, CNG is used as the main fuel and a small amount of diesel is injected into the cylinder to provide ignition priming. In this study, a remodeling of the existing diesel engine into a CNG/diesel dual-fuel engine is proposed. In this engine, diesel is injected at a high pressure by common rail direct injection (CRDI) and CNG is injected at the intake port for premixing. The CNG/diesel dual-fuel engine had an equally satisfactory coordinate torque and power as the conventional diesel engine. Moreover, the CNG alternation rate is over 89% throughout the operating range of the CNG/diesel dual-fuel engine. PM emission by the dual-fuel engine is 94% lower than that by the diesel engine; however, NOx emission by the dual-fuel engine is higher than that by the diesel engine.

기계식 디젤엔진의 디젤-천연가스 혼소화를 통한 디젤 대체율 향상 연구

심주현(JuHyen Sim),곽용환(Yonghwan Kwak),고춘식(Chunsik Ko),이욱재(Okjae Lee),이상민(Sangmin Lee),이창언(Chang-Eon Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

An experimental study was performed to provide the effect of PM reduction and the improvement of diesel alternative ratio utilizing diesel-natural gas dual-fuel combustion mode in a retrofit 3.4-liter diesel engine. In order to achieve the same power as the original diesel engine, engine control unit (ECU) of the dual-fuel engine was calibrated. During this calibration, the amount of diesel fuel injection was fixed same as the amount in the idle state for all engine load conditions and liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel injection was adjusted to increase power based on the power in idling state. LNG fuel was injected by a single point injection at the inlet of intake air manifold. As a result, diesel alternative ratio was improved in overall through making up the characteristic of lower diesel fuel consumption in comparison with mechanical diesel engine. Diesel alternative ratio was calculated from the experimental data acquired from full load test. It was found that the maximum value of diesel alternative ratio was about 96%. Finally PM emission experiment was performed in C1-8 mode cycle and it was shown PM emission was extremely reduced down to 7.42*10<SUP>-7</SUP> g/kWh comparing with mechanical diesel engine. From these results we believe our dual-fuel engine could meet Tier-4 regulations.

내연기관 연소음 분석을 통한 가상엔진음 설계에 관한 연구

박형우,지상휘,배명진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2016 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.6 No.11

It means moving from the scientific advances example, it has been regarded as very important. In particular, it is most closely automobile in everyday life. However, while economic development cars was increasing rapidly resulting in accelerated and was exposed to air pollution, pollution of oil depletion point. This development was due to the environmentally friendly cars was expected to lead the next generation would automotive market. However, the pedestrian casualties and property damage caused by operation at low engine sound is fine. VESS has been developed to solve these problems and apply them. In this paper, we compare the virtual engine sound as gasoline, diesel engine sound, which currently runs were made in-house research the most effective engine sound to the auditory characteristics of a person. Diesel engines on the test results, the overall spectrogram is eoteumyeo energy and harmonics than ever petrol engine, a gasoline engine of human hearing characteristics of the best 3500Hz band was more superior to the diesel engine when compared with the frequency analysis. In MOS TEST was a gasoline engine sound beams high efficiency in terms of the other two cognitive engine sound, in response to the best efficiency of the gasoline engine sound could be obtained the most common parts and, more well-ear hearing response. 과학발전에 있어 예로부터 이동수단은 굉장히 중요하게 여겨왔다. 특히 일상생활에서 가장 밀접한 것이 자동차이다. 그러나 경제적으로 발전하면서 자동차 수는 급격히 증가하였고 이로 인한 석유고갈 시점의 가속화와 대기오염, 환경오염에 노출되었다. 이로 인하여 친환경 자동차가 개발 되었고 향후 차세대 자동차 시장을 주도할 것이라 전망하였다. 그러나 저속 운행 시 엔진소리가 미세하여 보행자들의 인명과 재산피해가 발생한다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위해 Virtual Engine Sound System(VESS)가 개발되었고 이를 적용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 자체적으로 만든 가상 엔진소리와 현재 운행하는 가솔린, 디젤 엔진소리를 비교 분석하여 사람의 청각특성에 가장 효과적인 엔진소리를 연구하였다. 실험결과 스펙트로그램 상에서의 디젤엔진이 가솔린 엔진보다 전체적인 에너지와 하모닉스가 적었으며, 주파수 분석을 통해 비교 하였을 때 사람의 청각특성이 가장 좋은 3500Hz 대역에서의 가솔린 엔진이 디젤엔진보다 월등하게 나타났다. MOS TEST 에서는 휘발유 엔진소리가 다른 두 엔진음보다 인지력측면에서 높은 효율을 보였으며, 가솔린 엔진 사운드가 가장 좋은 효율에 대한 응답으로는 가장 흔한 부분과, 더 귀에 잘 들리는 응답을 얻을 수 있었다.

500Ps급 상용차량 디젤엔진을 이용한 선박용 디젤엔진 개발 연구

심한섭(Han-Sub Sim) 한국기계가공학회 2013 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.12 No.6

This study was carried out to develop a diesel engine for marine propulsion. This marine diesel engine was developed based on a 500Ps vehicle diesel engine. Many main parts, such as the intercooler, radiator, and engine controller were designed for the marine diesel engine. The intercooler was designed to be of sea water cooling type; inlet air is cooled by sea water. Engine coolant is cooled by sea water in the radiator too. The water cooling heat exchanger has high cooling performance. In the cooling system, consists of the intercooler and the radiator, the sea water passes through the intercooler and then the radiator, in sequence. This process is very effective compared to the reverse method in which sea water passes through the radiator and then the intercooler, in sequence. The control performance of the engine controller and the fuel injection rate were improved using an engine speed controller. This system was tested on an engine dynamometer and an exhaust gas analyzer using the marine diesel engine test method. Test results show that the 500Ps marine diesel engine satisfied the IMO NOx regulations; Tier Ⅱ.

목질 열분해유의 디젤 엔진 적용성 연구

이석환 ( Seok Hwan Lee ),박준혁 ( Jun Hyuk Park ),임기훈 ( Gi Hun Lim ),최영 ( Young Choi ),우세종 ( Se Jong Woo ),강건용 ( Kern Yong Kang ) 한국액체미립화학회 2011 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of the most promising technologies for converting biomass to liquid fuels. The pyrolysis oil, also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), have been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of BCO in diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the BCO. One of the easiest way to adopt BCO to diesel engine without modifications is the use of BCO/diesel emulsions. In this study, a diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), and BCO/diesel emulsion was experimentally investigated. Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by BCO/diesel emulsion were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsion and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation. Long term validation of adopting BCO in diesel engine is still needed because the oil is acid, with consequent problems of corrosion especially in the injection system.

디젤유/바이오디젤유-열분해유-부탄올 혼합유의 디젤 엔진 적용 가능성에 관한 연구

김호승(Hoseung Kim),장영운(Youngun Jang),이석환(Seokhwan Lee),김태영(Taeyoung Kim),강건용(Kernyong Kang),윤준규(Junkyu Yoon) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

Pyrolysis oil (PO), derived from biomass through fast pyrolysis process have the potential to displace significant amounts of petroleum fuels. The PO derived from wood has been regarded as an alternative fuel to be used in diesel engines. However, the use of PO in a diesel engine is very limited due to its poor properties like low energy density, low cetane number, high acidity and high viscosity of PO. Therefore, one of the easiest way to adopt PO to diesel engine without modifications is blended with other fuels that have high centane number. However, PO that has high amount of polar chemicals is immiscible with non polar hydrocarbons of diesel or biodiesel. Thus, to stabilize a homogeneous phase of diesel/biodiesel-PO blends, a proper surfactant should be used. Nevertheless, PO which was produced from different biomass type have varied characteristics and this complicates the selection of a suitable additive for a specific PO-diesel emulsion. In this regard, a more simple approach such as the use of a co-solvent like ethanol or butanol to induce a more stable phase of the PO-diesel mixture could be a promising alternative. In this study, a diesel engine operated with diesel/biodiesel-PO-butanol blends was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine were examined under the engine loads of IMEP 0.2 ~ 0.8MPa.

디젤-열분해유 유상액을 사용하는 직접분사식 디젤 엔진의 엔진성능 및 배기특성에 관한 연구

이석환 ( Seok Hwan Lee ),김호승 ( Ho Seung Kim ),김태영 ( Tae Young Kim ),우세종 ( Se Jong Woo ),강건용 ( Kern Yong Kang ) 한국분무공학회 2014 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Pyrolysis oil (PO), also known as Bio crude oil (BCO), has the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. PO has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of PO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the PO. One of the easiest way to adopt PO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of PO with the fuels that has higher cetane number. However, PO that has high amount of polar chemicals is immiscible with non polar hydrocarbons of diesel. Thus, to stabilize a homogeneous phase of diesel-PO blends, a proper surfactant should be used. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel and diesel-PO emulsions was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by diesel-PO emulsions were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with the emulsions and engine output power was comparable to diesel operation.

항공기용 디젤엔진 개발동향 및 장단점 비교 분석

이원중,최선우 한국항공우주학회 2013 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

항공기용 왕복엔진은 라이트 형제의 동력비행 이래 가스터빈 엔진 출현까지 약 40여 년간 발전해 온 동력장치로서, 현재는 물론 앞으로도 계속 많이 사용될 것이다. 최근에는 기존 디젤엔진의 단점을 보완하고 장점이 재 부각되면서 새롭게 소형항공기 시장의 관심을 끌기 시작하였다. 현재 소형항공기용 디젤엔진은 기존의 가솔린엔진 대비 높은 성능과 효율을 목표로 상용화 수준의 엔진을 개발 중이거나 일부는 FAA(혹은 EASA) 인증 획득 후 판매에 나서고 있다. 본 논문에서는 소형항공기에 적용되는 추진기관 중에서 디젤 왕복엔진을 중심으로, 개발동향 그리고 기존 엔진과의 장·단점을 알아보고자 한다. The reciprocating engine for aircraft had been used largely and developed for forty years since "Wright Brothers Powered Flight" until the advent of gas-turbine engines. Recently the diesel engine arouse the international maket"s interest by setting off the diesel engine"s merits against it"s weakness. Currently the diesel engine development projects for small aircraft are in progress. Furthermore some engines are on the market after the acquisition of FAA(or EASA) certification. In this paper the technical trends of aircraft diesel engine development are investigated, and the diesel engine"s strength and weakness compared with gasoline ones are reviewed in addition.

소형항공기용 디젤엔진 개발동향 및 장단점 비교 분석

이원중(Lee, Wonjoong),최선우(Choi, Sun-Woo),이장연(Lee, Jang-Yeon) 한국항공우주연구원 2013 항공우주산업기술동향 Vol.11 No.1

항공기용 왕복엔진은 라이트 형제의 동력비행 이래 가스터빈 엔진 출현까지 약 40여 년간 발전해온 동력장치로서, 현재는 물론 앞으로도 계속 많이 사용될 것이다. 최근에는 기존 디젤엔진의 단점을 보완하고 장점이 재 부각되면서 새롭게 소형항공기 시장의 관심을 끌기 시작하였다. 현재 소형항공기용 디젤엔진은 기존의 가솔린엔진 대비 높은 성능과 효율을 목표로 상용화 수준의 엔진을 개발 중이거나 일부는 FAA(혹은 EASA) 인증 획득 후 판매에 나서고 있다. 본 논문에서는 소형항공기에 적용되는 추진기관 중에서 디젤 왕복엔진을 중심으로, 개발동향 그리고 기존 엔진과의 장·단점을 알아보고자 한다. The reciprocating engine for aircraft had been used largely and developed for forty years since "Wright Brothers Powered Flight" until the advent of gas-turbine engines. Recently the diesel engine arouse the international maket"s interest by setting off the diesel engine"s merits against it"s weakness. Currently the diesel engine development projects for small aircraft are in progress. Furthermore some engines are on the market after the acquisition of FAA(or EASA) certification. In this paper the technical trends of aircraft diesel engine development are investigated, and the diesel engine"s strength and weakness compared with gasoline ones are reviewed in addition.

이중연료 디젤엔진의 입자상물질 배출에 미치는 파일럿연료의 영향

박성훈 ( Sung-hoon Park ) 한국환경기술학회 2008 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.9 No.3

천연가스를 주연료로 사용하고 경유를 파일럿연료로 사용하는 이중연료 디젤엔진은 NO_x와 입자 상물질(PM) 배출을 모두 낮추는 것으로 보고되고 있지만 구체적인 PM 생성 메커니즘은 아직 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 이 연구에서는 시험용 이중연료 엔진을 사용하여 파일럿연료의 변화에 따른 PM 배출 특성 변화를 살펴보았다. 다양한 엔진 운전 조건에서 경유, 바이오디젤, 물/경유/첨가제 에멀젼(Lubrizol PuriNOx)의 세 가지 파일럿연료를 사용하여 PM 배출량을 측정하였다. Z 테스트를 이용한 통계적 분석 결과, 바이오디젤의 경우에는 평균적으로 PM 배출량이 낮아졌으나 유의미한 수준은 아니어서 뚜렷한 결론을 내릴 수 없었다. 반면, PuriNOx는 경유에 비해 PM 배출을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는 파일럿연료가 이중연료 엔진의 PM 발생에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 보여주고 있으며, 앞으로 PM 배출 저감을 위해서 파일럿연료 분사 방식에 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. A new engine system, the dual-fuel engine, uses a small diesel pilot to ignite the main fuel, natural gas. This was shown to reduce both NO_x and particulate matter (PM), but the detailed mechanism of PM formation is still unknown. In this study, the role of pilot fuel on PM emission was examined by performing a PM sampling study using a test dual-fuel diesel engine system. The engine was run at various conditions with three different pilot fuels: regular diesel, bio-diesel, and water/diesel/additive emulsion (Lubrizol PuriNOx), and the results were compared. Statistical analysis using Z test showed that bio-diesel did not change the emission characteristics of dual-fuel engine significantly, whereas PuriNOx significantly increased PM emission. The results of this study suggest that the pilot fuel makes an important role in PM formation in a dual-fuel engine, calling for more studies on pilot fuel injection for PM emission reduction.