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- 주제어 : Defense enzymes (검색결과 15 건)
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Linoleic acid-induced expression of defense genes and enzymes in tobacco
Sumayo, M.S.,Kwon, D.K.,Ghim, S.Y. G. Fischer 2014 Journal of plant physiology Vol.171 No.18
Linoleic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid (FA) found to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) of tobacco against the bacterial soft rot pathogen, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PCC). In this study, we examined effects of six doses of exogenous LA on the induction of defense genes and enzymes. The optimum ISR activity was observed in plants treated with 0.1mM LA where the effect of LA on membrane permeability was minimal. The application of LA as a root drench enhanced the activity of defense enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and induced the expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS). PAL and POD activities were increased in a concentration dependent manner while the maximum PPO activity was observed after treatment with 0.01mM LA. An RT-PCR analysis of the defense-related genes, Coi1, NPR1, PR-1a and PR-1b, of tobacco plants treated with 0.1mM LA revealed an association of LA with elicitation of ISR in tobacco.
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( Woo Jin Jung ),( Ro Dong Park ),( Fazli Mabood ),( Alfred Souleimanov ),( Donald L. Smith ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4
The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aureofaciens 63-28 to induce plant defense systems, including defense-related enzyme levels and expression of defense-related isoenzymes, and isoflavone production, leading to improved resistance to the phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in soybean seedlings. Seven-dayold soybean seedlings were inoculated with P. aureofaciens 63-28, R. solani AG-4, or P. aureofaciens 63-28 plus R. solani AG-4 (P+R), or not inoculated (control). After 7 days of incubation, roots treated with R. solani AG-4 had obvious damping-off symptoms, but P+R-treated soybean plants had less disease development, indicating suppression of R. solani AG-4 in soybean seedlings. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of R. solani AG-4-treated roots increased by 24.6% and 54.0%, respectively, compared with control roots. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities of R. solani AG-4-treated roots were increased by 75.1% and 23.6%, respectively. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in soybean roots challenged with P. aureofaciens 63-28 and P+R increased by 25.0% and 11.6%, respectively. Mn-SOD (S1 band on gel) and Fe-SOD (S2) were strongly induced in P+R-treated roots, whereas one CAT (C1) and one APX (A3) were strongly induced in R. solani AG-4- treated roots. The total isoflavone concentration in P+Rtreated shoots was 27.2% greater than the control treatment. The isoflavone yield of R. solani AG-4-treated shoots was 60.9% less than the control.
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Enzyme Activities and Compounds Related to Self-Defense in UV-Challenged Leaves of Rice
Hak-Yoon Kim,Dong-Hyun Shin,Dae-Seung Sohn,In-Jung Lee,Kil-Ung Kim,Sang-Chul Lee,Hyung-Jin Jeong,Moon-Soo Cho 韓國作物學會 2001 Korean journal of crop science Vol.46 No.1
The induction of enzymes and the accumulation of their end products associated with self-defense mechanism in rice were investigated. When rice leaves were irradiated with UV light, activities of diterpene cyclase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) were induced and rice phytoalexin, momilactone A was accumulated. The content of p-coumaric acid in rice leaves was closely correlated with self-defense or allelopathic potential against barnyardgrass. UV-challenged rice leaves gave rise to the inhibition of barnyardgrass growth
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Pathipati Usha Rani,Sambangi Pratyusha 한국응용곤충학회 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.16 No.2
The responses of the cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum L. to herbivory by Spodoptera litura F. was studied in various laboratory experiments as a measure to understand the defense strategies of certain plant metabolites. Insect feeding damage enhanced the concentration of total phenol content and proteins, whereas amount of carbohydrates and amino acids were reduced. The experiments on estimation of anti-oxidative enzymes revealed stimulation in peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels and reduction in polyphenol oxidase and phenylanine ammonia lyase levels, signifying their defensive role in the plant. Specific phenolic acid changes were further carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC),and distinct elevations in the gallic acid, catechin, and caffeic acid levels were observed in the infested cotton plant. Feeding assays towards S. litura with these phenolic compounds revealed activated detoxifying enzymes including β-glucosidase, carboxyl esterase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the insect gut indicating the toxicity. The aim of present study is to aid in further use of these specific phenolic acids towards effective management of the cotton pest, S. litura
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Enzyme Activities and Compounds Related to Self-Defense in UV-Challenged Leaves of Rice
Kim, Hak-Yoon,Shin, Dong-Hyun,Sohn, Dae-Seung,Lee, In-Jung,Kim, Kil-Ung,Lee, Sang-Chul,Jeong, Hyung-Jin,Cho, Moon-Soo The Korean Society of Crop Science 2001 Korean journal of crop science Vol.46 No.1
The induction of enzymes and the accumulation of their end products associated with self-defense mechanism in rice were investigated. When rice leaves were irradiated with UV light, activities of diterpene cyclase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) were induced and rice phytoalexin, momilactone A was accumulated. The content of p-coumaric acid in rice leaves was closely correlated with self-defense or allelopathic potential against barnyardgrass. UV-challenged rice leaves gave rise to the inhibition of barnyardgrass growth.
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Mahmoud H. El-Komy 한국식물병리학회 2014 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.30 No.4
In this study, resistance responses were investigatedduring the interaction of Botrytis fabae with two fababean cultivars expressing different levels of resistanceagainst this pathogen, Nubaria (resistant) and Giza 40(susceptible). Disease severity was assessed on leavesusing a rating scale from 1 to 9. Accumulation levels ofreactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation andantioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalaseand ascorbate peroxidase) were measured in leaf tissuesat different times of infection. The expression profilesof two pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs) encodedby the genes PR-1 and β-1,3-glucanase were also investigatedusing reverse transcription RT-PCR analysis. The accumulation of these defense responses was inducedsignificantly in both cultivars upon infection withB. fabae compared with un-inoculated controls. Theresistant cultivar showed weaker necrotic symptomexpression, less ROS accumulation, a lower rate of lipidperoxidation and higher activity of the enzymatic ROSscavenging system compared with susceptible cultivar. Interestingly, ROS accumulated rapidly in the resistantleaf tissues and peaked during the early stages of infection,whereas accumulation was stronger and moreintense in the susceptible tissues in later stages. Moreover,the response of the resistant cultivar to infectionwas earlier and stronger, exhibiting high transcriptaccumulation of the PR genes. These results indicatedthat the induction of oxidant/antioxidant responses andthe accumulation of PRPs are part of the faba beandefense mechanism against the necrotrophic fungus B. fabae with a different intensity and timing of induction,depending on the resistance levels.
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El-Komy, Mahmoud H. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2014 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.30 No.4
In this study, resistance responses were investigated during the interaction of Botrytis fabae with two faba bean cultivars expressing different levels of resistance against this pathogen, Nubaria (resistant) and Giza 40 (susceptible). Disease severity was assessed on leaves using a rating scale from 1 to 9. Accumulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were measured in leaf tissues at different times of infection. The expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs) encoded by the genes PR-1 and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase were also investigated using reverse transcription RT-PCR analysis. The accumulation of these defense responses was induced significantly in both cultivars upon infection with B. fabae compared with un-inoculated controls. The resistant cultivar showed weaker necrotic symptom expression, less ROS accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and higher activity of the enzymatic ROS scavenging system compared with susceptible cultivar. Interestingly, ROS accumulated rapidly in the resistant leaf tissues and peaked during the early stages of infection, whereas accumulation was stronger and more intense in the susceptible tissues in later stages. Moreover, the response of the resistant cultivar to infection was earlier and stronger, exhibiting high transcript accumulation of the PR genes. These results indicated that the induction of oxidant/antioxidant responses and the accumulation of PRPs are part of the faba bean defense mechanism against the necrotrophic fungus B. fabae with a different intensity and timing of induction, depending on the resistance levels.
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Kim, Mi-Ji,Rhee, Soon-Jae The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on mixed function oxidase system (MFO), lipofuscin contents, carbonyl value, oxidative damage and the antioxidative defense system in lung of microwave exposed rats. Experimental groups were divided to normal group and microwave exposed group. The microwave exposed groups were subdivided into three groups: catechin free diet (MW-0C) group, 0.25% catechin (MW-0.25C) group and 0.5 % catechin (MW-0.5C) group according to the levels of dietary catechin supplementation. The rats were irradiated with microwave at frequency of 2.45 GHz for 15 min. Experimental animals were sacrificed at 6th day after microwave irradiation. The contents of cytochrome P$_{450}$ contents in MW-0C group was increased to 95% , compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 16% and 31%, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P$_{450}$ reductase in MW-0C group was increased to 44%, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 12% and 17%, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in MW-0C group was decreased to 21 %, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, compared with MW-0C group. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) in MW-0C group was significantly decreased, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were recovered to the level of normal group. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content in MW-0C group was increased to 34 %, compared with normal group. Catechin supplementation groups were maintained the level of normal group. The levels of caybonyl value in MW-0C group was increased to 21 %, compared with normal group. MW-0.25C and MW-0.5C groups were reduced to 14% and 12%, respectively, compared with MW-0C group. The lipofuscin contents in MW-0C group were increased to 23.4 %, compared with normal group. That of MW-0.5C group was significantly reduced, compared with MW-0C group. In conclusion, MFO system was activated and the formation of oxidized protein, lipofuscin was increased and antioxidative defense system was weakened of lung tissue in microwave exposed rats, thus oxidative damage was increased. But it was rapidly recovered to normal level by green tea catechin supplementation.n.
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Park, G.,Kim, H.G.,Kim, Y.O.,Park, S.H.,Kim, S.Y.,Oh, M.S. S. Karger AG 2012 Skin pharmacology and physiology Vol.25 No.2
<P><I>Background:</I> Oxidative radicals are major environmental causes of human skin damage. Oxidative defense factors, including nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), are centrally involved in repairing skin cells or protecting them from oxidative damage. <I>Coriandrum sativum</I> L. (coriander; CS) is a commonly consumed food and a traditional phytomedicine in Asia and Europe. In this study, we examined the protective effects of a standardized CS leaf extract against oxidative stress in human HaCaT keratinocytes. <I>Methods and Results:</I> CS significantly and dose-dependently protected cells against reduced cell viability caused by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced damage, as assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Other assays demonstrated that CS protected HaCaT cells by increasing the levels of glutathione and activities of oxidative defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Moreover, it increased the expression of activated Nrf2, which plays a crucial role in protecting skin cells against oxidative stress. <I>Conclusion:</I> These results suggest that CS protects human keratinocytes from H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-induced oxidative stress through antioxidant effects.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
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