지형자료를 활용한 이집트 피라미드 입지 연구

김기덕,김경모 한국사진지리학회 2023 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.33 No.1

This article is a study of the location of Egyptian pyramids using topographic data. First, it examines the current status of pyramid location research and then analyzes pyramid location, focusing on the Giza pyramid complex. Then, based on this logic, the possibility of an expanded interpretation was examined for major pyramids in Egypt. The interpretive tool used in this article is topographic data, and the analysis methodology used traditional Eastern feng shui theory. The results of the analysis are as follows: Firstly, the location of the Giza pyramids was an area that was well-equipped with the Sasinsha (a mountain that protects from the East, West, South, and North) of Feng Shui. Additionally, the area was suitable for the construction of at least three family translations, not just for Khufu, who built the Great Pyramid. This location selection was intentionally made by Khufu. Secondly, even within the selected area, the precise selection of the location for the pyramid was made by choosing a hilly area that could withstand the weight of the giant pyramid. This was the case for all three pyramids. Thirdly, by applying the above logic to other major pyramids, the level of foundational conditions based on location was presented.

Principal component pyramids for manifold learning in hand shape recognition

Mohamed Farouk,Alistair Sutherland 한국통신학회 2018 ICT Express Vol.4 No.2

This paper presents two algorithms using data pyramids for hand shape recognition in Irish Sign Language. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used as a feature extraction and dimensionality reduction method. Originally, the problem is nonlinear and it is hard for PCA to extract the underlying structure of the data. The proposed PCA pyramids provide an alternative to nonlinear PCA as they depend on dividing the space into subspaces which are approximately linear using the appropriate eigenspace in each level. They are used to accelerate the search process to approximate the nearest neighbour search problem. The first algorithm uses unsupervised multidimensional grids to cluster the space into cells of similar objects. The second algorithm is based on training a set of simple architecture multilayer neural networks. Experimental results are given to measure the accuracy and performance of the proposed algorithms in comparison with the exhaustive search scenario. The proposed algorithms are applicable for real time applications with high accuracy measures.

Molecular structure, spectroscopic properties, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of chlorobis(<i>N</i>-methyl-1,3-propanediamine)copper(II) tetrafluoroborate and azidobis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine)copper(II) azide

Moon, Dohyun,Tanaka, Shinnosuke,Akitsu, Takashiro,Choi, Jong-Ha Elsevier 2018 Journal of molecular structure Vol.1154 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Two new copper (II) complexes, [Cu(<I>N</I>-Metn)<SUB>2</SUB>Cl]BF<SUB>4</SUB> (<B>1</B>) and [Cu(Me<SUB>2</SUB>tn)<SUB>2</SUB>(N<SUB>3</SUB>)]N<SUB>3</SUB> (<B>2</B>) (<I>N</I>-Metn = <I>N</I>-methyl-1,3-propanediamine; Me<SUB>2</SUB>tn = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine), have been prepared, fully characterized, and their structures established by X-ray single-crystal analysis from synchrotron diffraction data. For these complexes, the Cu(II) ions are five-coordinate in an axially elongated square-pyramidal environment, with the four amine N atoms at the equatorial positions and the Cl atom (<B>1</B>) or N atom of one azide (<B>2</B>) at an apical site. The CuN bond lengths for amine N atoms in the complex <B>1</B> (2.0198(13)–2.0735(12) A°) and complex <B>2</B> (2.0239(9)–2.0489(9) Å) are typical, but the axial ligands are coordinated with a CuCl bond length of 2.5962 (7) Å for complex <B>1</B>, and the CuN (azido) bond length is 2.1990 (10) Å for complex <B>2</B>, adopting square-planar geometry around the Cu(II) with four N atoms from two <I>N</I>-Metn or Me<SUB>2</SUB>tn ligands. The crystals are stabilized by a three-dimensional network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds that are formed between the primary and secondary amine groups of the <I>N</I>-Metn ligands, the Cl ligands, and the F atoms of BF<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> anion in <B>1</B>, and by the primary amine groups of the Me<SUB>2</SUB>tn ligands and the N atoms of the azido ligand and azide ion in <B>2</B>. Hirshfeld surface analysis with 2D fingerprint plots revealed that the H⋯H, F⋯H, Cl⋯H contacts in <B>1</B> and the H⋯H and N⋯H contacts in <B>2</B> are the main intermolecular interactions. The electronic absorption and IR spectral properties are also discussed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Syntheses of two new Cu(II) complexes. </LI> <LI> Two Cu(II) complexes are structurally characterized through single crystal X-ray diffraction. </LI> <LI> Spectroscopic and magnetic properties including Hirshfeld surface analysis are also described. </LI> </UL> </P>

초분광영상의 표적탐지를 위한 SPVD 차원 축소 및 SPVD 질의 필터 알고리즘

유재환(Jae-Hwan Yu),김덕환(Deok-Hwan Kim) 한국정보과학회 2012 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.39 No.6

초분광영상은 적외선 영역부터 자외선 파장 대역까지 수십에서 수백 개의 정보를 가지고 있는 고차원 데이터이다. 최근 분광데이터를 이용한 색인에서 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위해 적분정합 필터가 제안되었다. 하지만 질의 필터 과정에서 순차검색보다 느려지는 문제가 존재하고, 기존의 PCA, ICA 등의 차원축소 알고리즘을 적용했을 때 분광특성을 정확히 반영하지 못할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 분광데이터 특성에 따라 차원축소를 하는 SPVD(Spectral pair vector decomposition) 차원축소 알고리즘과 SPVD 질의 필터를 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 차원축소 과정에서 밴드의 특성을 이용하기 때문에 전처리가 필요 없고, 질의 시간이 줄어든다. 물질 분류 실험 결과 8차원에서 86%의 정확도를 보였고, 표적탐지 실험에서는 k-최근접 질의의 k가 25일 때 8.25초의 검색시간과 나지토양은 77%, 아스팔트는 85.6%의 정탐지율로 기존방법 보다 좋은 성능을 보인다. Hyperspectral Images are high-dimensional data that have dozens or hundreds information ranging between infrared lay and ultraviolet lay wavelength bands. Recently, integrated spectral matching filter is suggested to solve the problem in indexing using spectral data. But its query filter processing time is slower than that of sequential scan and traditional dimensionality reduction algorithm such as PCA, ICA, etc may not exactly reflect spectral characteristics. In this paper, we propose SPVD dimensionality reduction algorithm and SPVD query filter that reduces dimension according to characteristics of spectral data. The proposed algorithm reduces dimension using feature of bands so that it does not take preprocess and query processing time is decreased. The experimental results show better performance than existing methods in that its material classification accuracy is 86% in 8-dimension, its search time takes 8.25 second, its detection ratios are 77% for bare soil and 83% for asphalt, respectively when k is 25 for k-NN query.

SPH 기반의 사각 스플렛팅 가시화 기법

신승호,윤종철,이정,김창헌 (사)한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 2008 컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지 Vol.14 No.4

Physics-based graphic techniques are used when simulating and rendering natural phenomena such as smoke, water and flame with computational physics. We propose novel methods which render simulated particle data fast onto 3D using tetrahedron splat. We calculate the position and the normal vector of splat by SPH(smoothed particle hydrodynamics) method then we reconstruct splat into quadrangular pyramid to reduce seam. We implement this technique for SPH fluid simulation, and animate natural flow of water successfully. 물리기반 그래픽스 기술은 연기, 물, 화염과 같은 자연현상을 계산 물리학으로 시뮬레이션하고 이를 가시화하는 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션 된 다수의 파티클 유체 데이터를 사각 스플렛을 이용하여 3차원으로 빠르게 가시화 하는 기법을 제안한다. SPH(Smoothed Paticle hydrodynamics) 기법을 사용하여 스플렛의 위치와 법선 벡터를 계산하고, 단절 현상을 줄이기 위해 사각뿔 형상으로 스플렛을 재구성하고 가시화 한다. SPH 기법을 사용하는 유체 시뮬레이션 엔진에 적용하여 자연스러운 물의 유동 현상을 성공적으로 가시화 하였다.

Edge Adaptive Hierarchical Interpolation for Lossless and Progressive Image Transmission

( Yenewondim Biadgie ),( Young Chul Wee ),( Jung-ju Choi ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2011 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.5 No.11

Based on the quincunx sub-sampling grid, the New Interleaved Hierarchical INTerpolation (NIHINT) method is recognized as a superior pyramid data structure for the lossless and progressive coding of natural images. In this paper, we propose a new image interpolation algorithm, Edge Adaptive Hierarchical INTerpolation (EAHINT), for a further reduction in the entropy of interpolation errors. We compute the local variance of the causal context to model the strength of a local edge around a target pixel and then apply three statistical decision rules to classify the local edge into a strong edge, a weak edge, or a medium edge. According to these local edge types, we apply an interpolation method to the target pixel using a one-directional interpolator for a strong edge, a multi-directional adaptive weighting interpolator for a medium edge, or a non-directional static weighting linear interpolator for a weak edge. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a better compression bit rate than the NIHINT method for lossless image coding. It is shown that the compression bit rate is much better for images that are rich in directional edges and textures. Our algorithm also shows better rate-distortion performance and visual quality for progressive image transmission.

연령별 인구이동 특성에 대한 탐색적 공간 데이터 분석(ESDA)

김감영(KamYoung Kim) 한국지역지리학회 2010 한국지역지리학회지 Vol.16 No.5

이공학편 : 공중통신중계 플랫폼에 대한 풍동실험 연구

이기훈 ( Ki Hun Lee ),조동현 ( Dong Hyun Cho ),강치행 ( Chi Hang Kang ) 공군사관학교 2014 군사과학논집 Vol.65 No.0

이 논문의 목적은 공중통신중계기 실험모델에 대한 풍동실험을 통해 기본 공력 자료와 조종면 변위 및 측풍 효과로 인한 공력 및 모멘트 변화 측정자료를 통해 공력 데이터베이스를 구축하는 것이다. 풍동실험을 위해 13마력 전기모터를 장착한 공중통신중계기 실험모델을 공군사관학교 중형아음속 풍동측정부에 설치하고 최대 추력 2250RPM 범위 내에서 외장형 피라미달 밸런스로 공력 및 모멘트를 측정하였다. 또한 실기체의 운용 RPM에서 추력 추정 결과를 바탕으로 트림비행을 위한RPM-받음각 결과를 제시하였다. In this study, aerodynamic forces and moments exerted on the experimental model, which is a ducted-fan type communication repeater were measured by wind-tunnel test. For the wind-tunnel test, 13hp motor was used instead of gasoline engine due to tunnel environment, thus the maximum rpm of the fan is limited as 2250 rpm. Pyramidal balance was used to measure the aerodynamic forces by changing control surface angles. AOA-rpm relation for the trim flight was suggested based on the measurement result.

이공학편 : 공중통신중계 플랫폼에 대한 풍동실험 연구

이기훈 ( Ki Hun Lee ),조동현 ( Dong Hyun Cho ),강치행 ( Chi Hang Kang ) 공군사관학교 2014 空士論文集 Vol.65 No.-

In this study, aerodynamic forces and moments exerted on the experimental model, which is a ducted-fan type communication repeater were measured by wind-tunnel test. For the wind-tunnel test, 13hp motor was used instead of gasoline engine due to tunnel environment, thus the maximum rpm of the fan is limited as 2250 rpm. Pyramidal balance was used to measure the aerodynamic forces by changing control surface angles. AOA-rpm relation for the trim flight was suggested based on the measurement result.

Multi-resolution Lossless Image Compression for Progressive Transmission and Multiple Decoding Using an Enhanced Edge Adaptive Hierarchical Interpolation

( Yenewondim Biadgie ),( Min-sung Kim ),( Kyung-Ah Sohn ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.12

In a multi-resolution image encoding system, the image is encoded into a single file as a layer of bit streams, and then it is transmitted layer by layer progressively to reduce the transmission time across a low bandwidth connection. This encoding scheme is also suitable for multiple decoders, each with different capabilities ranging from a handheld device to a PC. In our previous work, we proposed an edge adaptive hierarchical interpolation algorithm for multi-resolution image coding system. In this paper, we enhanced its compression efficiency by adding three major components. First, its prediction accuracy is improved using context adaptive error modeling as a feedback. Second, the conditional probability of prediction errors is sharpened by removing the sign redundancy among local prediction errors by applying sign flipping. Third, the conditional probability is sharpened further by reducing the number of distinct error symbols using error remapping function. Experimental results on benchmark data sets reveal that the enhanced algorithm achieves a better compression bit rate than our previous algorithm and other algorithms. It is shown that compression bit rate is much better for images that are rich in directional edges and textures. The enhanced algorithm also shows better rate-distortion performance and visual quality at the intermediate stages of progressive image transmission.