DRP 시스템에 관한 硏究

류승구 慶州專門大學 1994 慶州專門大學 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The recognition of Logistics becomes important to enterprise as a means for improving their competition recently. But the Korea enterprise falls for far behind in management techniques for analyzing realities and problems in the Logistics compare to the advanced contries. Especially the function of inventory control which is most undeveloped in them should be improved in Korea. Inventory is very important in Logistics, but there exists thade-off between inventory level and customer in the service level. It is difficult to coordinate both the reduction in the inventory level and the enhancement in the service level. Its effective technique is a DRP system. This article aims to present a DRP system, and more a DRP system which is flexible and responsive in the multi-sourcing, multi-echelon distribution network. Related research issues are discussed. Finally, using a DRP system on logistics, we can decrease the inventory level and increase the service level on Logistics and the management performance, so we can help the physical distribution emprovement of the Korean enterprises.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 post-transcriptionally regulates Drp1 expression in neuroblastoma cells

Park, So Jung,Lee, Heejin,Jo, Doo Shin,Jo, Yoon Kyung,Shin, Ji Hyun,Kim, Han Byeol,Seo, Hae Mi,Rubinsztein, David C.,Koh, Jae-Young,Lee, Eun Kyung,Cho, Dong-Hyung Elsevier Pub. Co 2015 Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mec Vol.1849 No.12

<▼1><P>Excessive mitochondrial fission is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) possesses specific fission activity in the mitochondria and peroxisomes. Various post-translational modifications of Drp1 are known to modulate complex mitochondrial dynamics. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of Drp1 remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) regulates Drp1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. hnRNP A1 directly interacts with Drp1 mRNA at its 3′UTR region, and enhances translation potential without affecting mRNA stability. Down-regulation of hnRNP A1 induces mitochondrial elongation by reducing Drp1 expression. Moreover, depletion of hnRNP A1 suppresses 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. In contrast, over-expression of hnRNP A1 promotes mitochondrial fragmentation by increasing Drp1 expression. Additionally, hnRNP A1 significantly exacerbates 3-NP-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, treatment with 3-NP induces subcellular translocation of hnRNP A1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which accelerates the increase in Drp1 expression in hnRNP A1 over-expressing cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that hnRNP A1 controls mitochondrial dynamics by post-transcriptional regulation of Drp1.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>hnRNP A1 increases Drp1 expression through the interaction with 3′UTR of Drp1 mRNA.</P>•<P>Down-regulation of hnRNP A1 increases mitochondrial elongation by reducing drp1 expression.</P>•<P>Down-regulation of hnRNPA1 inhibits 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.</P>•<P>Over-expression of hnRNP A1 potentiates 3-NP-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death.</P>•<P>Treatment of 3-NP promotes translocation of hnRNP A1 to the cytoplasm and enhances Drp1 expression.</P></P></▼2>

CDK5-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1 during neuronal maturation

조봉기,조효민,김현정,정재훈,박상기,황은미,박재용,김운령,김현,선웅 생화학분자생물학회 2014 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.46 No.-

Mitochondrial functions are essential for the survival and function of neurons. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mitochondrial functions are highly associated with mitochondrial morphology, which is dynamically changed by the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial morphology is primarily controlled by the activation of dynamin-related proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which promotes mitochondrial fission. Drp1 activity is regulated by several posttranslational modifications, thereby modifying mitochondrial morphology. Here, we found that phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (S616) is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in post-mitotic rat neurons. Perturbation of CDK5 activitymodified the level of Drp1S616 phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology in neurons. In addition, phosphorylated Drp1S616 preferentially localized as a cytosolic monomer compared with total Drp1. Furthermore, roscovitine, a chemical inhibitor of CDKs, increased oligomerization and mitochondrial translocation of Drp1, suggesting that CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of Drp1 serves to reduce Drp1’s fission-promoting activity. Taken together, we propose that CDK5 has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology via inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1S616 in post-mitotic neurons.

CDK5-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1 during neuronal maturation

Cho, Bongki,Cho, Hyo Min,Kim, Hyun Jung,Jeong, Jaehoon,Park, Sang Ki,Hwang, Eun Mi,Park, Jae-Yong,Kim, Woon Ryoung,Kim, Hyun,Sun, Woong Nature Publishing Group 2014 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.46 No.7

<P>Mitochondrial functions are essential for the survival and function of neurons. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mitochondrial functions are highly associated with mitochondrial morphology, which is dynamically changed by the balance between fusion and fission. Mitochondrial morphology is primarily controlled by the activation of dynamin-related proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), which promotes mitochondrial fission. Drp1 activity is regulated by several post-translational modifications, thereby modifying mitochondrial morphology. Here, we found that phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (S616) is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in post-mitotic rat neurons. Perturbation of CDK5 activity modified the level of Drp1<SUP>S616</SUP> phosphorylation and mitochondrial morphology in neurons. In addition, phosphorylated Drp1<SUP>S616</SUP> preferentially localized as a cytosolic monomer compared with total Drp1. Furthermore, roscovitine, a chemical inhibitor of CDKs, increased oligomerization and mitochondrial translocation of Drp1, suggesting that CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of Drp1 serves to reduce Drp1's fission-promoting activity. Taken together, we propose that CDK5 has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology via inhibitory phosphorylation of Drp1<SUP>S616</SUP> in post-mitotic neurons.</P>

The Historical Origins of Frail Party Politics in South Korea: The Abortive Experiment of Democratic Republican Party, 1963-1979

Hoon Jaung 한국의정연구회 2015 의정논총 Vol.10 No.2

This article explores sources of party underdevelopment in South Korea by examining the historical origins of weak parties since the 1960s. To unravel the historical origins of weak political parties, this article focuses on the rise of and fall of Democratic Republican Party, the governing party during the authoritarian era in South Korea. It argues that the strong state and patron-client structure worked against DRP’s experiment for strong party. Lacking stable social roots and extensive party organizations across the country, DRP had to rely upon the traditional patron-client structure of society and state administration organizations for electoral mobilization. Yet the U. S. pressure, domestic demand and factional strife within the regime served to mitigate those constraints. The gradual decline of DRP and electoral politics from the mid-1960s resulted not solely from the influence of the environmental factors such as the weakening of U.S. influence and factional conflict which were powerful and intense until the mid-1960s, but also from Park’s own effort to build up authoritarian regime. The implication of the fall of the DRP has to do with its lasting legacy on party politics in Korea. Initially, the DRP represented a new experiment in Korean party politics that had long been plagued by the lack of programmatic coherence, organizational stability and linkage to the civil society. Eventually, DRP turned out to be not an exception to traditional Korean political parties. Highly centralized power structure around personal network, subsequent organizational frailty and incompetence on policy matters characterized the DRP.

모발염색에 있어서 우위잔여색소(DRP:Dominant Remaining Pigment)개념의 중요성

이중섭 한국미용학회 2002 한국미용학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Recently, we are facing so many changes in hairstyle such as evolutional haircut and fantastic haircoloring. In haircoloring, specially, there are many things changed. First of all, haircoloring services have become general services in a beauty salon, Not only people who want to cover gray hair but people who want to change their hair color also become great part of clients. Second, most clients want to express and style their hair in various manners. Third, as the portion of haircoloring services in a beauty salon has been increased, hairdressers have developed numerous coloring techniques and styles. And last, beauty product manufacturers have launched various professional coloring products, As the business of haircoloring become biggest part of beauty services, most hairdressers, salon owners, educators, and students have recognized the importance of scientific theory and technique of haircoloring, The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of the DRP(Dominant Remaining Pigment) and apply the concept to haircoloring practices. In natural hair color, there is a dominant tone. That means there is one dominant undertone on each natural hair color and bleached hair color. That is the DRP(Donminant Remaining Pigment) and it means the amount of natural pigment remaining in the hair at target level. The reason why the DRP is so important in haircoloring is very simple. Because coloring result is the combination of natural hair color and artificial pigments. The concept of the DRP can be applied in haircoloring: First, in double process, to achieve target hair color, hair must be lightened one level lighter than target level. If not, the result will have unwanted tone, Second, when covering gray hair, it is better way to use warm tone color because gray hair needs undertone to support haircoloring. That is a kind of prepigmentation. Third, to color an extremely overporous hair, it is common way to use filler. Filler compensate deficient underlying pigment and it is always warm tone(The DRP is always warm tone), In this case, it is important to use filler which is one level lighter Third, to color an extremely overporous hair, it is common way to use filler. Filler compensate deficient underlying pigment and it is always warm tone(The DRP is always warm tone), In this case, it is important to use filler which is one level lighter than target level.

Drp1 Expression and Phosphorylation in Steroidogenic Corpus Luteum during the Estrous Cycle in Rat Ovaries

박지은,김종민,유영현,이승기 한국발생생물학회 2022 발생과 생식 Vol.26 No.2

In response to luteinizing hormone (LH), a higher concentration of progesterone (P4) is produced in luteal cells of corpus luteum (CL). Mitochondria are an essential cellular organelle in steroidogenesis. The specific engagement of the concept regarding mitochondrial shaping with early stages of steroidogenesis was suggested in reproductive endocrine cells. Although the specific involvement of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with steroidogenesis has been demonstrated in luteal cells of bovine CL in vitro, its actual relationship with ovarian steroidogenesis during the estrous cycle remains unknown. In this study, while Fis1 and Opa1 protein levels did not show significant changes during the estrous cycle, Drp1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 proteins exhibited relatively lower levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. 3β-HSD showed higher levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. In addition, Drp1 phosphorylation (s637) was higher in proestrus than in estrus or diestrus. Immune-positive cells for Drp1, pDrp1 (s637), and 3β-HSD were all localized in the cytoplasm of luteal cells in the CL. The immune-positive cells for 3β-HSD were more frequently seen in the CL at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. Immunoreactivity for Drp1 in luteal cells at proestrus was weaker than that at estrus or diestrus. However, pDrp1 (s637) immune-positive cells were mostly detected in luteal cells at proestrus. These results imply that steroidogenesis (P4 production) in the CL is closely related to phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 637. Taken together, this study presents evidence that Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 637 is an important step in steroidogenesis in the CL.

The Historical Origins of Frail Party Politics in South Korea

장훈 한국의정연구회 2015 의정논총 Vol.10 No.2

This article explores sources of party underdevelopment in South Korea by examining the historical origins of weak parties since the 1960s. To unravel the historical origins of weak political parties, this article focuses on the rise of and fall of Democratic Republican Party, the governing party during the authoritarian era in South Korea. It argues that the strong state and patron-client structure worked against DRP’s experiment for strong party. Lacking stable social roots and extensive party organizations across the country, DRP had to rely upon the traditional patron-client structure of society and state administration organizations for electoral mobilization. Yet the U. S. pressure, domestic demand and factional strife within the regime served to mitigate those constraints. The gradual decline of DRP and electoral politics from the mid-1960s resulted not solely from the influence of the environmental factors such as the weakening of U.S. influence and factional conflict which were powerful and intense until the mid-1960s, but also from Park’s own effort to build up authoritarian regime. The implication of the fall of the DRP has to do with its lasting legacy on party politics in Korea. Initially, the DRP represented a new experiment in Korean party politics that had long been plagued by the lack of programmatic coherence, organizational stability and linkage to the civil society. Eventually, DRP turned out to be not an exception to traditional Korean political parties. Highly centralized power structure around personal network, subsequent organizational frailty and incompetence on policy matters characterized the DRP.

Hypoxia-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates endothelial progenitor cell migration, invasion, and tube formation

Da Yeon Kim,Seok Yun Jung,Yeon Ju Kim,Songhwa Kang,Ji Hye Park,Seung Taek Ji,Woong Bi Jang,Shreekrishna Lamichane,Babita Dahal Lamichane,Young Chan Chae,Dongjun Lee,Joo Seop Chung,Sang-Mo Kwon 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.2

Tumor undergo uncontrolled, excessive proliferation leads to hypoxic microenvironment. To fulfill their demand for nutrient, and oxygen, tumor angiogenesis is required. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been known to the main source of angiogenesis because of their potential to differentiation into endothelial cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of EPC-mediated angiogenesis in hypoxia is critical for development of cancer therapy. Recently, mitochondrial dynamics has emerged as a critical mechanism for cellular function and differentiation under hypoxic conditions. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that hypoxiainduced mitochondrial fission accelerates EPCs bioactivities. We first investigated the effect of hypoxia on EPC-mediated angiogenesis. Cell migration, invasion, and tube formation was significantly increased under hypoxic conditions; expression of EPC surface markers was unchanged. And mitochondrial fission was induced by hypoxia time-dependent manner. We found that hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission was triggered by dynamin-related protein Drp1, specifically, phosphorylated DRP1 at Ser637, a suppression marker for mitochondrial fission, was impaired in hypoxia timedependent manner. To confirm the role of DRP1 in EPC-mediated angiogenesis, we analyzed cell bioactivities using Mdivi-1, a selective DRP1 inhibitor, and DRP1 siRNA. DRP1 silencing or Mdivi-1 treatment dramatically reduced cell migration, invasion, and tube formation in EPCs, but the expression of EPC surface markers was unchanged. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel role of mitochondrial fission in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Therefore, we suggest that specific modulation of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics may be a potential therapeutic strategy in EPC-mediated tumor angiogenesis.

Hypoxia-dependent mitochondrial fission regulates endothelial progenitor cell migration, invasion, and tube formation

Kim, Da Yeon,Jung, Seok Yun,Kim, Yeon Ju,Kang, Songhwa,Park, Ji Hye,Ji, Seung Taek,Jang, Woong Bi,Lamichane, Shreekrishna,Lamichane, Babita Dahal,Chae, Young Chan,Lee, Dongjun,Chung, Joo Seop,Kwon, Sa The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2018 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.22 No.2

Tumor undergo uncontrolled, excessive proliferation leads to hypoxic microenvironment. To fulfill their demand for nutrient, and oxygen, tumor angiogenesis is required. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been known to the main source of angiogenesis because of their potential to differentiation into endothelial cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of EPC-mediated angiogenesis in hypoxia is critical for development of cancer therapy. Recently, mitochondrial dynamics has emerged as a critical mechanism for cellular function and differentiation under hypoxic conditions. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission accelerates EPCs bioactivities. We first investigated the effect of hypoxia on EPC-mediated angiogenesis. Cell migration, invasion, and tube formation was significantly increased under hypoxic conditions; expression of EPC surface markers was unchanged. And mitochondrial fission was induced by hypoxia time-dependent manner. We found that hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission was triggered by dynamin-related protein Drp1, specifically, phosphorylated DRP1 at Ser637, a suppression marker for mitochondrial fission, was impaired in hypoxia time-dependent manner. To confirm the role of DRP1 in EPC-mediated angiogenesis, we analyzed cell bioactivities using Mdivi-1, a selective DRP1 inhibitor, and DRP1 siRNA. DRP1 silencing or Mdivi-1 treatment dramatically reduced cell migration, invasion, and tube formation in EPCs, but the expression of EPC surface markers was unchanged. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel role of mitochondrial fission in hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Therefore, we suggest that specific modulation of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics may be a potential therapeutic strategy in EPC-mediated tumor angiogenesis.