Diagnosis of Malignant Biliary Strictures: Conventional or Negative Pressure Brush Cytology?

Abbasi, Mohammad Reza,Mirsaeed, Seyedeh Masoumeh Ghazi,Alizadeh, Amir Houshang Mohammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.10

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the yields of conventional brush cytology and brush cytology with negative pressure in the diagnosis of malignant biliary strictures. Methods: A total of 132 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic were identified. Of these, 88.0 had brush cytology after ERCP and 44 were Brush cytology with negative pressure. Retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) including brush cytology and brush cytology with negative pressure in patients with biliary strictures between 2012-2015. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was performed with a standard videoduodenoscope Olympus TFJ 160-R (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) and brush cytology with a Cook medical Double Lumen Biliary BrushTM (Cytology). Means and standard frequencies were used to calculate variables. Results: Positive results for malignancy were obtained in 22 of 88 patients (25%) by brush cytology and 31 of 44 patients (70.4 %) by brush cytology with negative pressure. Conclusions: Sensitivity of cytology sampling could be maximized by negative pressure during ERCP.

The Clinical Usefulness of Nuclear Matrix Protein-22 in Patients with Atypical Urine Cytology

안재성,김현수,장성구,전승현 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.9

Purpose: Difficulty exists in interpreting the significance of atypical urine cytology. This study was performed to assess the diagnostic utility of nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP-22) testing when atypical cells are detected during urine cytology. Materials and Methods: Among patients whose urine cytology was reported as atypical between January 2004 and December 2009, a total of 275 who also underwent NMP-22 testing were enrolled in the present study. These patients were further divided into the screening group (143 patients examined as outpatients for hematuria) and the follow-up group (132 patients followed up for previously diagnosed bladder cancer). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were assessed for atypical cytology alone and in conjunction with NMP-22. Results: Of the 275 patients exhibiting atypical urine cytology, cancer was confirmed in 85, yielding a positive predictive value of 30.9% (85/275). Of the 96 patients testing positive for NMP-22, 58 were diagnosed with bladder cancer. The positive predictive value in conjunction with NMP-22 was 60.4% (58/96). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 68.2% (58/85), 80.0% (152/190), 84.9% (152/179), and 76.2% (210/275), respectively. Testing for NMP-22 in the screening and follow-up groups increased the positive predictive value from 30.0% (43/143) to 64.0% (32/50) and from 31.3% (42/132) to 56.5% (26/46), respectively; there was no significant difference between the screening and follow-up groups (p=0.106). Conclusions: When only cases with atypical urine cytology were examined, NMP-22 testing increased the detection rate of bladder cancer regardless of whether the test was used in screening hematuria or in following up patients. Purpose: Difficulty exists in interpreting the significance of atypical urine cytology. This study was performed to assess the diagnostic utility of nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP-22) testing when atypical cells are detected during urine cytology. Materials and Methods: Among patients whose urine cytology was reported as atypical between January 2004 and December 2009, a total of 275 who also underwent NMP-22 testing were enrolled in the present study. These patients were further divided into the screening group (143 patients examined as outpatients for hematuria) and the follow-up group (132 patients followed up for previously diagnosed bladder cancer). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were assessed for atypical cytology alone and in conjunction with NMP-22. Results: Of the 275 patients exhibiting atypical urine cytology, cancer was confirmed in 85, yielding a positive predictive value of 30.9% (85/275). Of the 96 patients testing positive for NMP-22, 58 were diagnosed with bladder cancer. The positive predictive value in conjunction with NMP-22 was 60.4% (58/96). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 68.2% (58/85), 80.0% (152/190), 84.9% (152/179), and 76.2% (210/275), respectively. Testing for NMP-22 in the screening and follow-up groups increased the positive predictive value from 30.0% (43/143) to 64.0% (32/50) and from 31.3% (42/132) to 56.5% (26/46), respectively; there was no significant difference between the screening and follow-up groups (p=0.106). Conclusions: When only cases with atypical urine cytology were examined, NMP-22 testing increased the detection rate of bladder cancer regardless of whether the test was used in screening hematuria or in following up patients.

Comparison of Liquid-based Cytology and Conventional Smear in the Evaluation of Sputum Cytology

( Oun-cheol Back ) 대한임상검사과학회 2013 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.45 No.1

The cytology of sputum specimens, at a medical facility in Korea, is using the liquid-based cytology and conventional smear method. It confirms the diagnosis using conventional smear methods and the liquid-based cytology. In addition, the diagnosis uses two kinds of each method, compares the suitability, sensitivity and specificity for each test and tries to understand the efficient method needed. It divided sputum specimens in half and liquid-based cytology. A conventional smear method was conducted and the Papanicolaou``s staining was conducted using Autostainer. Diagnosed each slide of staining produced smear slides specimens by using an optical microscope. The result of the liquid-based cytology and conventional smear method was that the liquid-based cytology was of a higher-grade than the conventional smear method. It was 36.8%, and 62.8% in the same condition. But only one case was of a lower grade. Liquid-based cytology showed 86.2% of adequacy, 31.0% of sensitivity and 97.5% of specificity. The conventional smear method showed 54.4% of adequacy, 19.6% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity. If it was conducted with two methods at the same time, the results would be similar to the liquid-based cytology. In conclusion, liquid-based cytology has a more superior adequacy and sensitivity than the conventional smear method. The combination of the two methods is similar to the result of only conducting a liquid-based cytology. Conducting a liquid-based cytology rather than the combination of the two ways of sputum cytoscopy, is to be considered as an efficient method to achieve diagnostic accuracy, reduce labor of clinical technologist and pathologist, and to reduce the expense of patients.

객담 세포학의 평가에서 액체 기반 세포학과 Conventional Smear 의 비교

백운철 대한임상검사과학회 2013 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.45 No.1

The cytology of sputum specimens, at a medical facility in Korea, is using the liquid-based cytology and conventional smear method. It confirms the diagnosis using conventional smear methods and the liquid-based cytology. In addition, the diagnosis uses two kinds of each method, compares the suitability, sensitivity and specificity for each test and tries to understand the efficient method needed. It divided sputum specimens in half and liquid-based cytology. A conventional smear method was conducted and the Papanicolaou's staining was conducted using Autostainer. Diagnosed each slide of staining produced smear slides specimens by using an optical microscope. The result of the liquid-based cytology and conventional smear method was that the liquid-based cytology was of a higher-grade than the conventional smear method. It was 36.8%, and 62.8% in the same condition. But only one case was of a lower grade. Liquid-based cytology showed 86.2% of adequacy, 31.0% of sensitivity and 97.5% of specificity. The conventional smear method showed 54.4% of adequacy, 19.6% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity. If it was conducted with two methods at the same time, the results would be similar to the liquid-based cytology. In conclusion, liquid-based cytology has a more superior adequacy and sensitivity than the conventional smear method. The combination of the two methods is similar to the result of only conducting a liquid-based cytology. Conducting a liquid-based cytology rather than the combination of the two ways of sputum cytoscopy, is to be considered as an efficient method to achieve diagnostic accuracy, reduce labor of clinical technologist and pathologist, and to reduce the expense of patients.

Comparison of Liquid-based Cytology and Conventional Smear in the Evaluation of Sputum Cytology

Back, Oun-Cheol 대한임상검사과학회 2013 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.45 No.1

The cytology of sputum specimens, at a medical facility in Korea, is using the liquid-based cytology and conventional smear method. It confirms the diagnosis using conventional smear methods and the liquid-based cytology. In addition, the diagnosis uses two kinds of each method, compares the suitability, sensitivity and specificity for each test and tries to understand the efficient method needed. It divided sputum specimens in half and liquid-based cytology. A conventional smear method was conducted and the Papanicolaou's staining was conducted using Autostainer. Diagnosed each slide of staining produced smear slides specimens by using an optical microscope. The result of the liquid-based cytology and conventional smear method was that the liquid-based cytology was of a higher-grade than the conventional smear method. It was 36.8%, and 62.8% in the same condition. But only one case was of a lower grade. Liquid-based cytology showed 86.2% of adequacy, 31.0% of sensitivity and 97.5% of specificity. The conventional smear method showed 54.4% of adequacy, 19.6% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity. If it was conducted with two methods at the same time, the results would be similar to the liquid-based cytology. In conclusion, liquid-based cytology has a more superior adequacy and sensitivity than the conventional smear method. The combination of the two methods is similar to the result of only conducting a liquid-based cytology. Conducting a liquid-based cytology rather than the combination of the two ways of sputum cytoscopy, is to be considered as an efficient method to achieve diagnostic accuracy, reduce labor of clinical technologist and pathologist, and to reduce the expense of patients.

吸入 細胞檢査의 診斷的 意義 및 評價 : 여러 人體 藏器에서 經驗한 1005例를 中心으로 An Analysis of 1,005 Cases from Various Human Organs

高一香,石東壽 인제대학교 1987 仁濟醫學 Vol.8 No.2

吸入 細胞檢査(Aspiration Biopsy Cutology, ABC)는 目的 病巢에서 細針을 揷入하여 吸入한 微細組織切片을 細胞學的 檢査法으로 判讀 診斷하는 檢査法이다. 매우 簡單하고 迅速한데 比해 正確性과 安定性이 높고, 뿐만 아니라 患者에게 心的 肉體的 負擔과 合倂症이 적고 低廉한 費用으로 行할 수 있어 最近 우리나라에서도 漸次的으로 利用度가 높아지고 있다. 短點이라면 僞陰性 結果가 不可避하다는 것이다. 이를 最少限으로 줄이기 爲해서는 技法의 熟練과 判讀하는 病理專門醫들의 豊富한 經驗이 必要하다. 本 硏究 結果 診斷의 正確度는 90%이었으며 將次 向上될 것으로 期待된다. An analysis of 1,005 cases of Aspiration Biopsy Cytology (ABC) performed at Seoul Paik Hospital from February 1984 to September 1986 was reviewed. The following results were obtained. 1.Number of the test performed is 173 in 1984, 387 in 1985 and 445 in 1986, respectively. 2.Aspiration Biopsy Cytology was most frequently applied to lymph node with incidence of 394 (39%), breast 296 (29%), thyroid 132 (13%), deep organs 86 (9%) and others 97 cases (10%). 3.The most frequently made Aspiration Biopsy Cytology diagnosis was mammary dysplasia of 144 cases followed by reactive hyperplasia of lymph node 118, lymph node malignancy 73 and adenomatous goiter 50. Malignancy is the most frequent diagnosis made in this study, occupying over 23% of the test performed. The result is indirectly suggested that the Aspiration Biopsy Cytology is an important tool for detection of the malignant lesion. 4.Histological diagnosis was made in 116 cases and diagnostic accuracy of Aspiration Biopsy Cytology ranged from 75.1(81.1)% to 94.3(98.0)%. The mean accuracy is 89.3(91.5)%. 5.There were 3(2.6%) cases of false positive and 9(7.8%) false negative reports of Aspiration Biopsy Cytology. The former consists of 1 case of granuloma and 2 cases of osteomyelitis reported as highly suspicious Aspiration Biopsy Cytology impresssion. The fault was made due to atypical epitheloid cells and active osteoblasts. The false nagative consists of 3 cases of sampling error, 4 cases of misinterpretation and 2 cases of diagnostic difficulty; one well differenciated follicular carcinoma impressed as adenomatous goiter in Aspiration Biopsy Cytology and the other well differenciated duct adenocarcinoma of breast with impression of papilloma in Aspiration Biopsy Cytology. 6.Diagnosis of non-neoplastic lesion is also significantly effective. For example; diagnosis of tuberculosis is more effectively made with combination study of Aspiration Biopsy Cytology and acid fast (rhodamine) stain. 7.Aspiration Biopsy Cytology is an extention of morphologic diagnosis within both diagnostic cytology and histopathology. It is quite valuable method previously underused and wider use of this established and simple procedure is encouraged.

기관기내시경상 이상병변을 보이는 환자에게 있어 Thinprep검사법과 기존세포검사법의 효율성 및 유용성에 대한 비교

이정호 ( Jung Ho Lee ),양정경 ( Jung Kyung Yang ),정인범 ( In Bum Jung ),이정의 ( Jung Hea Lee ),설혜정 ( Hae Jung Sul ),김윤미 ( Yoon Mi Kim ),김범경 ( Bum Kyeng Kim ),최유진 ( Yue Jin Choi ),나문준 ( Moon Joon Na ),손지웅 ( Ji W 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2006 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.61 No.6

배경: 액상 세포학 검사법(Liquid-based cytology)은 최근들어 각광을 받고있는 검사방법으로 여러 연구, 특히 산부인과적 영역에서 암진단에 높은 효율성을 보여주고 있다. 본 저자들은 기관지내시경상 이상병변을 보이는 환자에서 세척세포진, 솔질세포진, 액상 세포학 검사법인 Thinprep을 시행하여 진단율 및 효용성을 비교하여 보았다. 방법 및 대상: 본원에서 2005년 6월부터 9월까지 호흡기적 증상을 보여 내원한 환자 중 기관지내시경을 시행하여 병변이 발견된 30명의 환자에서 Thinprep과 기존세포검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 이상병변을 보였던 30명의 환자 중 조직검사를 통해 암을 진단받은 환자는 24명이었으며 4명은 결핵, 각각 1명씩은 기관지확장증, 기관지-폐누공을 진단받았다. Thinprep에서 암인 24명의 환자 중 19명이, 기존세포검사에서 기관지솔질검사(brushing)을 통해 얻은 결과가 17명, 세척액(washing)은 12명에서 암세포나 비전형세포가 보였다. 두 방법 모두 암이 아닌 환자에서는 비전형세포는 보이지 않았다. 세척세포진검사는 민감도 50%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 33.3%, 솔질세포진검사는 민감도 70.8%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 46.2%, Thinprep에서는 민감도 79.2%, 특이도 100%, 양성예측도 100%, 음성예측도 54%를 보였다. 결론: 액상 세포학 검사법인 Thinprep은 기존의 검사법보다 민감도, 음성예측도가 큰 검사로 폐암의 진단률을 높이는데 도움을 줄 수 있으며 앞으로 대단위의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background: Liquid-based cytology is currently known as an effective method, and cervical cytology has been shown to be especially effective from of malignancy detection. In our study, the cytological detection rates of the Thinprep (Liquid-based cytology) and conventional cytology (bronchial washing & brushing) for endobronchial lesions were compared. Methods: Between July 2005 and September 2005, the data from 30 patients with respiration symptom, who had shown abnormal lesion on bronchoscopy, were collected. Results: The bronchoscopic biopsy group was consisted of 30 cytodiagnosis specimens, 24 of which were confirmed to be malignant. The others were tuberculosis (4), bronchiectasis and bronchopulmonary fistula (1 each). Of the 24 malignant case, cancer or atypical cells were detected in 19, 17 and 12 of the Thinprep, brushing cytology and washing cytology cases, respectively. None one of the methods detected cancer cells in the non-malignant specimens. Washing cytology has shown sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 50, 100, 100 and 33.3% respectively. Brushing cytology has shown sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 70.8, 100, 100 and 46.2%, respectively. Thinprep has shown sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 79.2, 100, 100 and 54%, respectively. Conclusions: Thinprep (liquid-based cytology) showed better sensitivity and negative predictive values for the evaluation of lung cancer than conventional cytology. However a large-scale study will be needed in the future. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 61: 547-553)

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Abnormal Cervical Cytology and High-Risk HPV DNA among Bangkok Metropolitan Women

Tangjitgamol, Siriwan,Kantathavorn, Nuttavut,Kittisiam, Thannaporn,Chaowawanit, Woraphot,Phoolcharoen, Natacha,Manusirivithaya, Sumonmal,Khunnarong, Jakkapan,Srijaipracharoen, Sunamchok,Saeloo, Siripo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7

Background: Many strategies are required for cervical cancer reduction e.g. provision of education cautious sexual behavior, HPV vaccination, and early detection of pre-invasive cervical lesions and invasive cancer. Basic health data for cervical cytology/ HPV DNA and associated factors are important to make an appropriate policy to fight against cervical cancer. Aims: To assess the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and/or HPV DNA and associated factors, including sexual behavior, among Bangkok Metropolitan women. Materials and Methods: Thai women, aged 25-to-65 years old, had lived in Bangkok for ${\geq}5$ years were invited into the study. Liquid-based cervical cytology and HPV DNA tests were performed. Personal data were collected. Main Outcomes Measures: Rates of abnormal cytology and/ or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and factors associated with abnormal test (s) were studied. Results: Abnormal cytology and positive HR-HPV were found in 6.3% (279/4442 women) and 6.7% (295/4428), respectively. The most common abnormal cytology was ASC-US (3.5%) while the most common HR-HPV genotype was HPV 16 (1.4%) followed by HPV 52 (1.0%), HPV 58 (0.9%), and HPV 18 and HPV 51 at equal frequency (0.7%). Both tests were abnormal in 1.6% (71/4428 women). Rates of HR-HPV detection were directly associated with severity of abnormal cytology: 5.4% among normal cytology and 13.0%, 30.8%, 40.0%, 39.5%, 56.3% and 100.0% among ASC-US, ASC-H, AGC-NOS, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC, respectively. Some 5% of women who had no HR-HPV had abnormal cytology, in which 0.3% had ${\geq}$ HSIL. Factors associated with abnormal cytology or HR-HPV were: age ${\leq}40$ years, education lower than (for cytology) or higher than bachelor for HR-HPV), history of sexual intercourse, and sexual partners ${\geq}2$. Conclusions: Rates for abnormal cytology and HR-HPV detection were 6.3% and 6.7% HR-HPV detection was directly associated with severity of abnormal cytology. Significant associated factors were age ${\leq}40$ years, lower education, history of sexual intercourse, and sexual partners ${\geq}2$.

담도협착의 감별진단에 대한 내시경적 쇄자 세포진 검사와 흡인 담즙 세포진 검사의 전향적 비교연구 - 담도협착에 대한 쇄자 세포진 검사의 전향적 비교연구

최호순(Ho Soon Choi),이성구(Sung Koo Lee),김명환(Myung Hwan Kim),서동진(Dong Jin Suh),민영일(Young Il Min),유은실(Eun Sil Yu) 대한소화기학회 1996 대한소화기학회지 Vol.28 No.6

N/A Background/Aims: Tissue biopsy from the biliary tree is difficult because of the focal and sclerotic or small annular nature, lower cellularity and well differentiated tumor. Biliary cytology is an effective tnethod of obtaining a tissue diagnosis for bile duct stricture, and thie diagnostic sensitivity of endoscopic brush cytology (EBC) is reported as between 40% and 70% for malignant bile duct strictures. In this study, we prospectively analyzed the diagnostic value of endoscopic brush cytology and aspiration bile cytology in patients with extrahepatic bile duct strictures. Methods: 30 patients with extrahepatic bile duct strictures diagnosed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography underwent endoscopic brush cytology and aspiration bi]e cytology. 25 patients had malignant strictures and 5 patients had benign strictures, brushings were taken using a cytology brush(6Fr) or double lumen brush(8Fr) passed with a guide wire through the stricture. Results: The sensitivity and accuracy of brush cytology (60%; 15/25, 67%; 20/30) were significantly greater than bile cytology (20%; 5/25, 33%; 10/30). No false positive results were reported in brush cytology (specificity; 100%), but negative predictive value (33%; 5/15) was relatively low. There were no procedure related complications and the average sampling time was about five minutes. Conclusions: Endoscopic brush cytology is an effective, safe method of obtaining a tissue diagnosis for bile duct strictures, therefore EBC should be done routinely in bile duct strictures, but further prospective studies will be required to evaluate other new techniques such as endobiliary forceps biopsy or endoscopic fine needle aspiration or EBC with DNA flow cytometry because negative results do not exclude malignancy.(Korean J Gastroenterol 1996; 28: 832-844)

폐암의 진단 검사 중 기관지 세척액에서 ThinPrep검사법과 기존의 세포검사법의 유용성에 대한 비교

김상훈 ( Sang Hoon Kim ),김은경 ( Eun Kyung Kim ),시계동 ( Kyeh Dong Shi ),김정현 ( Jung Hyun Kim ),김경수 ( Kyung Soo Kim ),유정환 ( Jeong Hwan Yoo ),김주영 ( Joo Young Kim ),김광일 ( Gwang Il Kim ),안희정 ( Hee Jung An ),이지현 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2007 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.62 No.6

연구배경: ThinPrep®검사는 원심분리를 통해 불필요한 혈액이나 점액들을 제거, 선택적으로 진단에 필요한 다량의 세포들만 모아 기존의 세포검사의 한계를 극복하여 진단율을 높일 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 현재 여러 분야에서 암의 조기 진단 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 기관지 세척액의 ThinPrep®검사와 기존의 세포검사의 진단율을 비교하여 ThinPrep®검사의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 시행하였다. 방법: 2002년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 기관지 내시경 검사를 시행한 1,116명의 환자 중 암세포에 대한 검사가 필요하다고 판단되었던 790명의 기관지 세척액 검체를 대상으로 세척액을 양분하여 기존의 세포검사와 ThinPrep® 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 대상환자는 남자 446명, 여자 344명이었고 평균나이는 58.3(±16.7)세였으며, 이 중 197명이 기관지 내시경이나 경피적 폐생검 등의 표준진단방법을 통해 암을 진단 받았다. 암의 진단에 있어 ThinPrep®검사는 민감도 71.1%, 특이도 98.0%, 양성 예측도 92.1%, 음성 예측도 91.1%, 위음성률 8.9%였다. 기존의 세포검사의 경우에는 민감도 57.9%, 특이도 98.0%, 양성 예측도 90.5%, 음성 예측도 87.5%, 위음성률 12.5%였다. 중심형 병변인 경우 ThinPrep®의 민감도는 82.8%였고 세포검사의 민감도는 70.1%였다. 결론: 기관지 세척액 검체를 대상으로 한 폐암의 진단에 있어서 ThinPrep®검사는 기존 세포검사에 비해 민감도가 높았으며 낮은 위음성률을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 폐암의 조직학적 분류와 상관 없이 나타났고, 특히 중심형 병변일 경우의 민감도는 ThinPrep® 검사법에서 매우 높게 나타났다. 따라서 기관지 세척액 검사에서 ThinPrep® 을 활용할 경우 폐암의 진단율을 높이는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: A ThinPrep® Processor was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional cytology and is widely used to diagnose various cancers. This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of conventional cytology for lung cancer with that of the ThinPrep® cytology using the bronchial washing fluid. Methods: The bronchial washing fluid of 790 patients from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2006, who were suspected of gaving a lung malignancy, was evaluated. Both ThinPrep® and conventional cytology were performed for all specimens. Result: Four hundred forty-six men and 344 women were enrolled in this study, and 197 of them were diagnosed with cancer from either a bronchoscopic biopsy or a percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy. ThinPrep® cytology showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and false negative error rate of 71.1%, 98.0%, 92.1%, 91.1%, 8.9%, respectively. The conventional cytology showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, nagative predictive value and false negative error rate of 57.9%, 98.0%, 90.5%, 87.5%, 12.5%, respectively. For central lesions, the sensitivity of conventional cytology and ThinPrep® were 70.1% and 82.8%, respectively. Conclusion: ThinPrep® cytology showed a higher sensitivity and lower false negative error rate than conventional cytology. This result was unaffected by the histological classification of lung cancer. Therefore, ThinPrep® cytology appears to be a useful method for increasing the detection rate of lung cancer in bronchial washing cytology test. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007; 62: 523-530)