Association between hearing loss and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study

Kim Jihoon,Lee Yesung,서은혜,Kim Dae Hoon,Lee Jaehong,Jeong Youshik,Kwon Seonghyun,정진숙,Lee Woncheol 대한직업환경의학회 2023 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The pathogeneses of HL and CVD commonly involve inflammatory responses. Previous studies investigated elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with HL, however, their findings did not demonstrate statistical significance. In our cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we investigated the correlation between HL and increased highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels to determine how HL is associated with CVDs. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with workers aged over 18 years who underwent health check-ups at our institution between 2012 and 2018 (n = 566,507), followed by conducting a longitudinal study of workers aged > 18 who underwent health checkups at least twice at our institution between 2012 and 2018 (n = 173,794). The definition of HL was as an average threshold of ≥ 20 dB in pure-tone air conduction at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz in both ears. The incidence of increased hsCRP levels throughout the follow-up period was defined as a level exceeding 3 mg/L. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were performed to estimate the risk of increased hsCRP levels according to the occurrence of HL in groups stratified by age. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.34); the OR was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.80–1.22) in those under 40 and 1.28 (1.08–1.53) in those over 40. In the longitudinal study, the multivariable-adjusted OR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.92–1.19); the OR was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.90–1.35) in those under 40 and 1.20 (1.01–1.43) in those over 40. Conclusions: This cross-sectional and longitudinal study identified an association between HL and increased hsCRP levels in workers aged over 40 years.

Design issues in cross-sectional biomarkers studies: Urinary biomarkers of PAH exposure and oxidative stress

Kang, Daehee,Lee, Kyoung-Ho,Lee, Kyoung-Mu,Kwon, Ho-Jang,Hong, Yun-Chul,Cho, Soo-Hun,Strickland, Paul T. Elsevier 2005 Mutation research Vol.592 No.1-2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Cross-sectional biomarker studies can provide a snapshot of the frequency and characteristics of exposure/disease in a population at a particular point in time and, as a result, valuable insights for delineating the multi-step association between exposure and disease occurrence. Three major issues should be considered when designing biomarker studies: selection of appropriate biomarkers, the assay (laboratory validity), and the population validity of the selected biomarkers. Factors related to biomarker selection include biological relevance, specificity, sensitivity, biological half-life, stability, and so on. The assay attributes include limit of detection, reproducibility/reliability, inter-laboratory variation, specificity, time, and cost. Factors related to the population validity include the frequency or prevalence of markers, greater inter-individual variation than intra-individual variation, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), association with potential confounders, invasiveness of specimen collection, and subject selection.</P><P>Three studies are selected to demonstrate different features of cross-sectional biomarker studies: (1) characterizing the determinants of the biomarkers (study I: urinary PAH metabolites and environmental particulate exposure), (2) relationship of multiple biomarkers of exposure and effect (study II: relationship between urinary PAH metabolites and oxidative stress), and (3) evaluating gene–environmental interaction (study III: effect of genetic polymorphisms of <I>GSTM1</I> on the association of green tea consumption and urinary 1-OHPG levels in shipbuilding workers).</P>

Factors Associated With the Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Miyagi Part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study

( Kumi Nakaya ),( Naoki Nakaya ),( Mana Kogure ),( Rieko Hatanaka ),( Ippei Chiba ),( Ikumi Kanno ),( Satoshi Nagaie ),( Tomohiro Nakamura ),( Motoyori Kanazawa ),( Soichi Ogishima ),( Nobuo Fuse ),( 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2024 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.30 No.2

Background/Aims The objective of this research is to examine factors related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) prevalence in a large population-based study. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with participants in the Miyagi part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-Based cohort study who completed the Rome II Modular Questionnaire. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of IBS and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the reference group were calculated for each factor. Additionally, a stratified analysis was performed by sex and age group (20-49 years, 50-64 years, and ≥ 65 years). Results Among 16 252 participants, 3025 (18.6%) had IBS, comprising 750 men (15.5%) and 2275 women (19.9%). Multivariate ORs for the presence of IBS decreased significantly with each year of age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99). Moreover, compared with the reference group, ORs for the presence of IBS were significantly higher in individuals whose home was partially damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake, those with < 16 years of education, those who spent less time walking, those with high perceived stress (1.77, 1.57-2.01), those with high psychological distress (1.58, 1.36-1.82), and those with high symptoms of depression (1.76, 1.60-1.94). In stratified analyses, a significant relationship was found between psychological factors and IBS prevalence in all sex and age groups. Conclusions This large cross-sectional population-based cohort study identified several factors associated with IBS prevalence. Psychological factors were significantly associated with IBS prevalence across all age groups and sexes. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024;30:208-219)

Compression Performance of Asymmetric Cross-Section Columns Intended for Use in Modular Structures

Yun-Chul Choi,Keum-Sung Park,Moon-Sung Lee 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.5

This study aimed at developing desirable column cross-sections that are part of mid- and high-rise steel-precast concrete hybrid module buildings. Column cross-sections comprising existing modular frames are mostly steel hollow structural sections. These closed column cross-sections make the assembly process more difficult, leading to reduced constructability, and are costly because of the necessity for fireproofing treatment. In the present study, to overcome these limitations, an asymmetric open cross-section was produced by bending a steel plate, and part of it was filled with concrete. For the evaluation of the structural performance of the developed design, a total of nine specimens of asymmetric open cross-sections were experimented. The test variables were the length of the columns and eccentricity of the load. It was found that the strength decreased as the length of the column increased, and the eccentricity decreased the strength by about 45% compared to the case of central load.

청소년들의 변증에 대한 단면조사 연구 - 2017 성남시 교의사업을 중심으로 -

이동녕,신선미,박정수,성현경,고재언,고호연,Lee, Dong-Nyung,Shin, Seon Mi,Park, Jeong-Su,Sung, Hyun Kyung,Go, Jae-Eon,Go, Ho-Yeon 대한예방한의학회 2019 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Objective : This study is aimed to application possibility and status of pattern identification in middle and high school students. Method : This study was cross-sectional study. We recruited 277 students through school doctor program of Seongnam city in 2017. Male students are 66 in middle school, 32 in high school. Female students are 117 in middle school, 62 in high school. For pattern identification, we used the tool of Qui Xui Shui pattern identification in students. Students fill questionnaires in inquiry of pattern identification and Korean medicine doctor diagnosis inspection and palpation of students. Results : Among 277 students, no pattern identification were 114(41.2%). It appeared in the order of phlegm, blood deficinecy, qi deficiency, qi stagnation and qi reversal. Qi deficiency, qi stagnation, qi reversal, blood deficiency and phlegm pattern are statistically significant by gender except blood stagnation. of 277 students, 105 (37.9%) had one more pattern identification. Conclusions : This study showed possibility of Qui Xui Shui pattern for student health management. In the future, large scale follow up study will be needed to clarify the relationship of pattern identification and student's health.

기업의 비윤리적 행위와 주가변화에 관한 연구

이현복 한국기업경영학회 2015 기업경영연구 Vol.22 No.4

As to academic approach to business ethics, full-scale study started in 1960’s with recent studies being attempted to establish a clear concept of business ethics and to examine the relation between ethical management and financial performance. The main object of positive studies on ethical management is to clarify the relation of ethical management with business performance, social performance and with value of the enterprise. Many studies related to ethical management assert that ethical management has a positive (+) relation with business performance and social performance. It is also said that ethical management influences the value of an enterprise from the positive (+) side and that ethical management is not one-sidedly influencing business value but that it has a mutually positive influence. But, in most of the methods of positive study, a clear theoretical ground as to how ethical management and business value are connected is not presented and simple interrelation is identified without explaining casualties of measurement variables. The development of social performance data, variables and measurement methods are still insufficient and studies related to those are unsatisfactory. Thus, it is possible to say that the theoretical ground is still somewhat insufficient. Reflecting this problem of basic studies, this study intends to verify the relation between ethical management and the value of a business, albeit not directly but rather indirectly through event study. The purpose of this empirical study is to analyze the changes of stock prices between American and Korean firms under the condition that the firms’ unethical behaviors have been reported by mass media, and to analyze whether those change significantly differ or not. The data employed were the unethical behaviors reports of major 100 firms in each country during 1. 1. 1998 and 31. 12. 2013 both in daily newspapers and on televisions networks. and three hundred sixty six vents( Korea; 311, USA; 343) were selected. This study uses event study, independent t-tests and cross sectional multiple regression analysis From the result, we can induce that the reports negatively affect stock price performance both in Korea and the USA. Further, the negative effects of unethical behavior on the firm value differ by country, types of business, event, and the date of occurrence of event. In conclusion, firms’ unethical behaviors influence their values. Unethical conduct by a firm has impact on its shareholders by lowering its value for an appreciable period of time. The results of this study show meaningful difference between Korea and the USA. This finding may indicate that Korean industry has to develop its own specific ethical system and practice plan. 기업윤리는 1960년대에 이르러서야 학술적으로 연구되기 시작 하였고, 최근 기업윤리의 개념을 정립하기 위한 노력과 함께 실증적으로 이를 기업의 재무적 성과 및 가치에 긍정적 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하고자 하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 아직 대부분의 연구는 이론적・당위론적 연구에 머무르고 있고, 실증 연구의 대다수도 단순 상관관계 확인에 그치고 있는 실정이다. 아직 대부분의 관련 연구들이 실증분석을 설계함에 있어 명확한 이론적 근거가 미약하거나 변수간의 인과관계에 대한 설명이 부족한 실정으로 아직까지 기업윤리와 기업의 성과에 대한 장기적 관계를 살펴볼 실증분석의 방법론이 신뢰성과 타당성을 확보하지 못하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 연구의 낮은 이론적 토대를 극복하고, 기업윤리의 성과에 대한 실증분석의 방법론 개발을 위하여 기존의 상관분석 및 회귀분석이 아닌 재무적 연구방법을 이에 적용하여 분석을 진행하고자 사건연구(event study)로 연구를 진행한다. 본 연구는 기업의 비윤리적 행위가 기업 주가에 영향을 미치는 정도와 그것이 한국과 미국기업에 따라 차이가 있는지를 살펴보기 위하여 한국과 미국 100대기업의 16년간(1997∼2013년) 언론매체를 통하여 보도된 비윤리적 행위관련 뉴스(한국 311건, 미국 343건)를 수집하여 분석에 사용하였다. 비윤리적 행위를 7개의 유형 즉, 뇌물, 비리, 배임, 불법 등(이하 불법행위), 환경 파괴・오염 등(이하 환경오염), 내부자거래, 고용차별, 분식회계, 탈세, 기타 비윤리적행위 등으로 구분하고, 사건일(0) 기준 비사건기간 -300∼-150으로, 사건기간을 -10∼+15일로 설정하여 사건연구(event study) 진행하였고, 사건연구의 초과수익률을 이용하여 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 불법행위의 경우 사건기간 한국과 미국이 각각 약 1.6%, 약 0.3%의 하락을 나타내어서 양국에 큰 차이가 없었지만, 분식회계의 경우 한국이 약 7.8%의 하락을 나타낸 반면 미국은 약 15.8%의 하락함을 나타내 주가변화에 차이가 있고 이러한 차이가 통계적으로 유의성이 있음을 t-test를 통하여 확인하였다. 그리고 사건기간 발생한 누적초과수익률의 기간에 따라 영향을 주는 요인이 한국과 미국에 차이는 있지만 경기방어주인지 여부, 금융업인지 여부, 사건이 분식회계인지 여부 등이 효과를 주는 것으로 나타났다. 기업의 기업윤리에 위반된 행위는 매우 다양하다 하지만 분식회계의 경우 매우 심각하게 기업에 관련된 투자자 및 기타 이해관계자에게 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 살펴본바 한국의 경우 기업이 분식회계를 하였을 경우 기업가치가 약 -7.8%, 미국의 경우 약 -15.8%의 하락을 나타냈다. 이는 한국과 미국 모두 분식회계로 인한 단기간의 기업가치의 하락폭이 10-20% 내외로 매우 커 기업의 유동성 문제를 넘어 기업의 생존에도 커더란 문제를 야기한다는 것을 시사한다. 따라서 다시 한 번 기업에게 있어 정직한 재무상태의 보고 및 공표는 매우 중요한 기업윤리의 기본임을 인식해야 할 것이다. 기업윤리에 대한 인식과 실천은 타율적인 것보다 자발적인 실천을 필요로 한다는 것이 본 연구를 통해 확인되었다. 기업윤리는 비단 장기간의 기업성과에 긍정적 영향을 준다는 가정을 믿고 실천할 필요가 있다는 것을 넘어서 기업윤리를 준수하지 않을 경우 단기간 기업가치에 커다란 부정적 영향을 ...

A cross-sectional study on the pulmonary function of residents in two urban areas with different PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentrations

Si Woo Park,Byoung Gwon Kim,Jung Woo Kim,Jung Woo Park,Jung Il Kim 대한직업환경의학회 2018 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.30 No.-

Background: The present study aims to compare the pulmonary function of residents of Seoul special city (Seoul) and Jeju special self-governing province including Jeju city and Seogwipo city (Jeju), characterized by vastly different annual average airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less ≤10 μm (PM10) concentrations, with the annual average PM10 concentration in Seoul being significantly higher than that in Jeju. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the pulmonary function test results and sociodemographic data of Korean adults ≥19 years of age derived from the 4th KNHANES, 2007–2009. A total of 830 individuals residing in Seoul or Jeju were included in this study. T-tests were used to analyze predicted values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1p), predicted values of forced vital capacity (FVCp) and FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1/FVC), as dependent variables, to examine the differences in the subjects’ pulmonary function according to the city of residence. Stratified analysis was then performed to adjust for variables potentially affecting pulmonary function. The analysis was performed on subjects as a group and also following stratification according to sex and other variables. Results: Seoul residents had a significantly lower FVCp than that of the Jeju residents (difference: 3.48%, p = 0.002). FEV1p, FVCp and FEV1/FVC of male Seoul residents were significantly lower than those of male Jeju residents (difference: 6.99, 5. 11% and 0.03, respectively; p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001). In male subjects, statistically significant results were obtained even after adjusting the influence of other variables through stratified analysis. Conclusion: The present analysis was based on cross-sectional data collected at one point in time. Therefore, unlike longitudinal studies, it does not establish a clear causal association between the variables. Nevertheless, this study found that pulmonary function among subjects residing in Seoul was significantly decreased compared to that of subjects residing in Jeju.

유아의 호응 표현 발달에 관한 연구

장경희(Chang Kyung-hee),김정선(Kim Jung-sun),한정희(Han Jeong-hee) 우리말글학회 2009 우리말 글 Vol.46 No.-

The purpose of this study is to identify the concrete aspects of development and characteristics of co-occurred expressions of young children at the syntactic and semantic views. The subjects of this study were four toddlers between 24 and 43 months old as a group of longitudinal data and 303 young children between three and six years old as a group of cross-sectional data. The author investigated the time of the first appearance of co-occurred expressions and usage distribution to establish the process of acquiring co-occurred expressions. The results of this study are as follows. First, as for the co-occurred expressions, ‘보다’ and ‘밖에’ appeared first in the longitudinal group followed by ‘아무’, and ‘얼마나’ in order. In the cross-sectional group, ‘도저히’, ‘부터’, ‘아무리’, ‘다시는’ and ‘제발’ were added to the appearance list of the longitudinal group. Second, as for the semantic categories of co-occurred expressions, ‘negation’ category was developed first in the longitudinal group, followed by ‘comparison’ and ‘degree’ in order. In the cross-sectional group, ‘negation’ appeared most and the frequency of the semantic categories including ‘comparison’, ‘degree’, and ‘reason’ was on the increase.

철강업체와 용접봉 제조업체에 근무하는 생산직 근로자의 직업성 요통 유병률과 관련 요인

임현술,김수근,김덕수,김두희,이종민,김양호 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group that the satisfied group (p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p<0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job (point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61: one year prevalence : OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence OR=1.94 95% CI : 1.44-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI : 1.70-2.77) and tenure (point prevalence : OR=1.03, 95% CI : 1.01-1.06; one year prevalence : OR=1.02, 95% CI : 1.00-1.05).

Technological Challenges and Solutions in Emergency Remote Teaching for Nursing: An International Cross-Sectional Survey

전은주,Laura-Maria Peltonen,Lorraine J. Block,Charlene Ronquillo,Jude L. Tayaben,Raji Nibber,Lisiane Pruinelli,Erika Lozada Perezmitre,Janine Sommer,Maxim Topaz,Gabrielle Jacklin Eler,Henrique Yoshikazu 대한의료정보학회 2024 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: With the sudden global shift to online learning modalities, this study aimed to understand the unique challenges and experiences of emergency remote teaching (ERT) in nursing education. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive online international cross-sectional survey to capture the current state and firsthand experiences of ERT in the nursing discipline. Our analytical methods included a combination of traditional statistical analysis, advanced natural language processing techniques, latent Dirichlet allocation using Python, and a thorough qualitative assessment of feedback from open-ended questions. Results: We received responses from 328 nursing educators from 18 different countries. The data revealed generally positive satisfaction levels, strong technological self-efficacy, and significant support from their institutions. Notably, the characteristics of professors, such as age (p = 0.02) and position (p = 0.03), influenced satisfaction levels. The ERT experience varied significantly by country, as evidenced by satisfaction (p = 0.05), delivery (p = 0.001), teacher-student interaction (p = 0.04), and willingness to use ERT in the future (p = 0.04). However, concerns were raised about the depth of content, the transition to online delivery, teacher-student interaction, and the technology gap. Conclusions: Our findings can help advance nursing education. Nevertheless, collaborative efforts from all stakeholders are essential to address current challenges, achieve digital equity, and develop a standardized curriculum for nursing education.