대학생용 창의적 자기효능감 척도의 개발과 타당화

하유경,조한익 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 2016 한국심리학회지 학교 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of the study is to develope and validate creative self efficacy scale for college students. Subjects are 671 undergraduates from 4 colleges including 300 male and 371 female students in Korea. To develope creative self-efficacy scale, researchers developed, examined, and revised preliminary items of creative self-efficacy. In the analysis stage exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. In the exploratory stage of factor analysis, two factors were thought as appropriate that were named as creative thinking efficacy and creative performance efficacy by combining scree test and reviews of literatures in creative self-efficacy. After that, researchers examined confirmatory factor analysis of creative self-efficacy factors by comparing with another group of college students. Based on that, the fits of research modeling were same with another group which meant that the model used in the research group could generalize to other college students. By the result of the study, 9 items of creative thinking self-efficacy and 11 items of creative performance self-efficacy items were selected. In addition to it, when the researchers examined the reliability of test, Cronbach α for creative thinking self-efficacy was .908, creative performance self efficacy was .900, and total creative self-efficacy was .944. This study has implication on developing and validating creative self-efficacy scale for college students. With reference to the result of the study, researchers discussed results with related researches, and suggested theoretical and practical implications. 본 연구는 대학생용 창의적 자기효능감 척도를 개발하고 타당화 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 국내 4개 대학교 재학생 671명으로 남학생은 300명, 여학생은 371명이다. 대학생용 창의적 자기효능감 척도연구는 예비문항의 작성, 예비문항의 검토 및 수정, 그리고 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석 등으로 이루어졌다. 최대우도법(maximum likelihood)과 Geomin 사각회전 방법으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 2개 요인이 적합한 것으로 나타났으며 본 연구에서는 이를 창의적 사고 자기효능감과 창의적 수행 자기효능감으로 명명하였다. 창의적 자기효능감은 총 20문항으로 창의적 사고 자기효능감 9문항, 창의적 수행 자기효능감 11문항이다. 창의적 자기효능감은 일상적 창의성, 학업적 자기효능감 및 일반적 자기효능감과의 상관이 높게 나타났다. 탐색적 요인분석 집단과는 별도로 확인적 요인분석 집단을 대상으로 창의적 자기효능감의 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 적합도 지수들은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 탐색적 요인분석 집단과 확인적 요인분석 집단간에 교차타당도를 분석한 결과에서도 적합도 지수들이 안정적으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 척도의 신뢰도는 창의적 사고 자기효능감 .908, 창의적 수행 자기효능감 .900, 전체 문항의 신뢰도는 .944로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과와 관련하여 선행연구와의 관련성, 본 연구의 시사점 및 제한점 등을 논의하였다.

대학생의 개방성, 창의적 마인드셋, 창의적 정체감과 창의적 자기효능감 간의 관계에 대한 경로모형 검증

한기순,안동근 한국영재학회 2023 영재교육연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study examined the relationships between openness, creative mindset, creative personal identity, and creative self-efficacy among college students. The study was conducted in order to suggest ways to strengthen their creative self-efficacy in both academic and real-world contexts in which creativity is manifested by explaining the dynamic mechanisms underlying creative self-efficacy. The participants were 149 college students in the capital area of South Korea. This study measured their openness, creative growth mindset, creative personal identity, and creative self-efficacy. Collected data were analyzed using the path analysis method. The results showed that openness significantly influenced creative personal identity and creative self-efficacy. A creative growth mindset significantly influenced creative personal identity, and the influence of creative personal identity on creative self-efficacy was significant. In regard to indirect effects, openness significantly influenced creative self-efficacy mediated by creative personal identity. Also, a creative growth mindset significantly influenced creative self-efficacy mediated by creative personal identity. This study has academic implications for explaining the complicated processes underlying creative self-efficacy with a sophisticated method by examining college students’ mechanisms of creative self-efficacy from a multidimensional perspective. Also, it suggests practical implications for providing a useful theoretical and content basis for developing educational and training programs to improve creative self-efficacy.

역할스트레스와 개인 창의성 간의 관계에 대한 실증연구: 창의적 자아효능감과 자기주도성의 매개역할

허명숙 ( Myung Sook Heo ),천면중 ( Myun Joong Cheon ) 한국정보시스템학회 2013 情報시스템硏究 Vol.22 No.2

Personal creativity is critically important for organizations seeking to survive and thrive in today`s highly turbulent business environments. Organizations must effectively identify and mobilize the creative resources of their members. When organizational members perceive a work environment that restricts or fails to encourage individual creative expression, a gap may exist between the level of individual creative potential and the actual amount of individual creativity practiced within the organization. In this situation, this paper will examine the impact of role conflict, role ambiguity, creative self-efficacy, and personal initiative on personal creativity. Creative self-efficacy is the subjective belief in one`s personal ability to be creative, that is, a personal assessment of one`s own creative potential. A strong internal belief in one`s ability to successfully engage in creative behaviors is generally considered an important part of the creative process. Personal Initiative refers to behaviors, mainly directed toward work and organizational issues, that are characterized by the following aspects: self-starting, proactive, and persistent in overcoming barriers. Creativity-related creative self-efficacy and personal initiative are critical components to understand motivation that coordinates the relationship between perception and behavior of individual employees. Based on role theory, researchers have focused on role conflict and role ambiguity as the two key ingredients of role stress. Role ambiguity is defined as an evaluation about the lack of salient information needed to perform a role effectively. Role conflict results from two or more sets of incompatible demands involving work-related issues. Employees are usually pursued work-roles more than one in work-focused organization. Too many work-roles and perceived uncertainties at employee`s work can be obstacles to personal creativity. In an analysis of results, while role conflict is not negatively related significantly to creative self-efficacy, role ambiguity is negatively related significantly to creative self-efficacy. While role conflict is significantly related to personal creativity, role ambiguity is negatively related significantly to personal creativity. Creative self-efficacy mediates the relationship among role conflict, role ambiguity, and employee creativity. Personal initiative mediates the relationship between creative self-efficacy and employee creativity. This paper shows that creative self-efficacy and personal initiative are the driving force behind personal creativity. Organizations can get some implications of creative-related role conflict and role ambiguity that employees have experienced. As a result, organizations must not only encourage creativity of employees by greater involvement but also encourage their input towards their-focused own works and tasks. And employees should be developed to pace with the organizational needs and development. Management must enable employees to think of new ideas and practices that promotes personal creativity.

예술창작활동이 창의적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

최민지(Choi, Min Ji) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.22

본 연구는 창의성 교육의 다각적 접근을 위해 예술창작활동이 창의적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 서울 소재 C대학의 교양수업 A.C.T.(Action, Communication, Teamwork)는 학습자중심수업인 액션러닝을 활용하고 있으며 콘텐츠는 예술을 기반으로 하고 있다. 사전연구를 통해 A.C.T. 수업의 예술창작활동이 학습자의 창의적 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다는 것을 알게 되었다. 이를 증명하기 위해 2017년 1학기 A.C.T. 수업에서 예술창작활동을 한 실험집단과 수업 및 관련 경험이 없는 통제집단 총 214명을 대상으로 연구가 이루어졌다. 창의적 자기효능감 척도를 활용하여 학기 초와 학기 말에 사전-사후조사를 실시하였다. 독립 표본 t-검정을 통해 실험집단의 창의적 자기효능감이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 대응표본 t-검정으로 각 집단의 증가분을 살펴본 결과 실험집 단은 통계적으로 유의했으나 통제집단은 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 A.C.T. 수업을 통한 예술창작활동이 학습자의 창의적 자기효능감에 긍정적 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 더불어 창의적 자기효능감의 하위 영역인 창의적 사고 자기효능감과 창의적 수행 자기효능감은 상관관계가 높은 것으로 드러났다. 본 연구 에서 제시한 예술창작활동의 긍정적인 효과는 창의적 자기효능감과 나아가 창의성 교육의 가능성을 제시함으로써 새로운 교육의 정착에 기여하고자 한다. This study examines the effects of an art creation project on creative self-efficacy for a multifaceted approach to creativity education. A.C.T. (Action, Communication, Teamwork), a liberal education course at C university located in Seoul, uses action learning, a learner-centered education utilizing content based on art. Preliminary research shows that the art creation project of A.C.T. classes has a positive effect on learners creative self-efficacy. We established the hypothesis that an art creation project has a positive effect on creative self-efficacy and conducted a preliminary-post survey on a total of 214 subjects from the experimental and control groups. An independent two-sample t-test showed a statistically significant difference in creative self-efficacy among the experimental group. Results of examining the increment of each group through the paired sample t-test showed that the creative self-efficacy of the experimental group is statistically significant but that of the control group is not. Therefore, the art creation project A.C.T. classes is found to have a positive effect on learners’ creative self-efficacy. In addition, creative thinking self-efficacy and creative performance self-efficacy, which are sub-areas of creative self-efficacy, is found to highly correlate. The positive effects of the art creation project will contribute to the establishment of new educational practice by presenting creative self-efficacy and the potential of creativity education.

중국기업의 개인별 계약이 직원 창의성에 미치는 영향 연구 -창의적 자기효능감의 매개효과와 상사-부하교환관계의 조절효과를 중심으로-

호녕 ( Hu Ning ),최명철 ( Choi Myeong Cheol ) 한중사회과학학회 2022 한중사회과학연구 Vol.20 No.1

최근 인적자원 분야에서 개인별 고용과 계약이 널리 주목을 받고 있다. 개인별 계약은 직원의 능력과 수요에 따라 개인 맞춤형으로 업무를 배치하는 것이며, 이를 위해 직원과 고용주간에 개별적으로 협상이 진행된다. 현실적 필요성과 학문적 중요성에도, 이에 대한 중국내 연구는 매우 부족하다. 이에 본 논문은 중국기업에서 개인별 계약이 창의적 자기효능감과 직원 창의성에 미치는 영향, 그리고 창의적 자기효능감의 매개 역할과 상사-부하교환관계의 조절 역할을 연구하고자 하였다. 외국 이론과 중국 상황에 기반하여 설문을 설계하여, 산동성 국유기업 직원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시해 310개의 유효설문을 회수하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 데이터는 SPSS와 LISREL을 사용하여 실증분석하였다. 통계결과, 개인별 계약이 창의적 자기효능감과 직원의 창의성에 정(+)의 영향을, 창의적 자기효능감이 직원의 창의성에 정의 영향을 미친다는 사실이 드러났다. 창의적 자기효능감은 개인별 계약과 직원 창의성 사이에서 매개작용을, 상사-부하교환관계는 개인별 계약과 창의적 자기효능감 사이에서 부(-)의 조절작용을 하였다. 본 연구결과에서 개인별 계약이 창의적 자기효능감 및 직원 창의성을 향상시켰는데, 이는 개인별 계약이 중국기업의 인적자원관리에서 매우 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 보여준다. 또한, 창의적 자기효능감이 직원 창의성을 향상시키고, 창의적 자기효능감이 개인별 계약과 직원 창의성 사이에서 매개작용을 한다는 결과는 실무현장에서 중국직원에게 창의적 자기효능감을 제고시켜야 한다는 사실을 보여준다. 이러한 연구결과는 중국기업의 직원관리에 중요한 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 제시한다. Recently, individualized employment and contracts have received widespread attention in the HR field. The individualized contract is to arrange work tailored to the individual according to the ability and demand of the employee, and for this purpose, negotiations are carried out individually between the employee and the employer. Despite this practical necessity and academic importance, studies in China on this issue are very scarce. Thus, this paper tried to study the effect of individualized contracts on creative self-efficacy and employee creativity in Chinese companies, as well as the mediating role of creative self-efficacy and the moderating role of LMX. The questionnaire was designed based on foreign theories and the Chinese situation, and 310 valid questionnaires were collected by conducting a survey targeting employees of state-owned enterprises in Shandong Province. The data thus obtained were empirically analyzed using SPSS and LISREL. The statistical results revealed that individualized contracts had a positive effect on creative self-efficacy and employee creativity, and that creative self-efficacy had a positive effect on employee creativity. Creative self-efficacy had a mediating effect between individual contract and employee creativity, and boss-subordinate exchange relationship had a negative moderating effect between individual contract and creative self-efficacy. In this study, individualized contracts improved creative self-efficacy and employee creativity, indicating that individualized contracts play a very important role in human resource management of Chinese companies. In addition, the results that creative self-efficacy enhances employee creativity and that creative self-efficacy mediates between individual contracts and employee creativity show that it is necessary to enhance creative self-efficacy for Chinese employees in the field of work. These research results suggest important theoretical and practical implications for employee management in Chinese companies.

상호작용공정성이 발언행동에 미치는 영향 : 변화자기효능감과 창의자기효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로

문승현(Moon, Seung Hyun),조윤형(Cho, Yoon Hyung) 한국인적자원관리학회 2021 인적자원관리연구 Vol.28 No.3

불확실성이 높아진 조직환경에서 조직구성원들의 발언행동은 중요성을 갖는다. 본 연구는 발언행동에 대한 상호작용공정성(대인관계, 정보적)의 영향력의 경우 사회적인지이론(Bandura, 1989, 1997)을 토대로 변화자기효능감, 창의자기효능감이 매개하는지를 살펴보았다. 광주광역시 중소기업 조직구성원들을 대상으로 설문을 통해 연구가설을 검증하였다. 동일방법편의의 문제를 해결하기 위해 응답원을 달리 하였으며 총 257부의 설문지를 최종분석에 활용하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대인관계공정성은 발언행동에 정(+)의 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정보적공정성은 영향력이 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 대인관계공정성은 변화자기효능감에 정(+)의 영향력을 미치고 있었다. 창의자기효능감에는 영향력이 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 정보적공정성은 변화자기효능감, 창의자기효능감 모두에 정(+)의 영향력을 보이고 있었다. 셋째, 변화자기효능감과 창의자기효능감 모두 발언행동에 정(+)의 영향력이 나타나고 있었다. 마지막으로 대인관계공정성이 발언행동에 미치는 영향력을 변화자기효능감이 매개하고 있었다. 정보적공정성이 발언행동에 미치는 영향력에 있어서는 변화자기효능감, 창의자기효능감 모두 매개효과가 나타나고 있었다. 연구결과를 토대로 조직구성원들의 발언행동이 대인관계 공정성은 변화자기효능감을 매개로 영향력이 나타나고 있으며, 정보적 공정성은 변화자기효능감, 창의자기효능감을 매개로 영향력이 나타나고 있다는 것을 제시함으로써 상호작용공정성의 의미 뿐만 아니라 사회적인지이론의 적용측면에서 의의를 가질 수 있다. Based on interactional justice(interpersonal, informational) theory(Colquitt, 2001), interpersonal justice reflect the degree to which employee are treated with politeness, dignity and respect by authorities and informational justice focus on the explanation provided to employee that convey information about why procedures were used in a certain way or why outcomes were distributed in a certain fashion. This study focus on social cognitive theory(Bandura, 1997), we set the domain specific self-efficacy reflect the change and creative, such as change self-efficacy, creative self-efficacy mediate relationship between interactional justice and voice behavior. After literature review, we build up theoretical variables relationship and proposed mediating effect hypothesis. To test hypothesis, survey method were performed. To overcome common method bias problem, we conduct multi-source respond by employees and supervisor and total 257 questionnaires are used for analysis. The major finding are as follows. First, interpersonal justice positive impact on voice behavior. Second, interpersonal justice positive impact on change self-efficacy however, informational justice have positive impact on both of change self-efficacy and creative self-efficacy. Third, change self-efficacy and creative self-efficacy have positive impact on voice behavior. Finally, change self-efficacy mediate relationship between interpersonal justice and voice behavior, and change self-efficacy and creative self-efficacy mediate relationship between informational justice and voice behavior. Our results show that the theoretical and practical implication which amplify the employees voice behavior, interactional justice is more important and clarify the justice-voice behavior connection. Specially, change and creative self-efficacy was mediate of the informational justice and voice behavior.

한국대학생의 창의적 사고력, 창의적 성향, 창의적 산물 및 창의적 효능감의 성차

김혜숙 한국여성심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.16 No.4

This paper examines gender differences in creative thinking ability and creative disposition, creative products and creative self-efficacy. 234 subjects of college students performs target creative tests associated with the different types of creativity and analyzes the differences between the groups. Based on the analysis, the female group shows higher score than the male group in the aspect of flexibility that is a sub-dimension of creativity and cognitive abilities, but the male group has higher scores in the creativity affective characteristic and the creative self-efficacy. On the activity and knowledge test of the creative domain, the female group has higher scores in the area of the art but the male group shows higher scores in the area of the invention. Interestingly, the two groups do not show any significant difference in the real creative achievement related to the creative product assessments. Although the female group tends to score no less capacity than the male group in the divergent thinking ability and the actual product/performance related to the creative ability, in summary, the analysis indicates that the male group is significantly higher for creative disposition and creativity self-reported tests. The study performs a stepwise multiple linear regression on the creative efficacy to investigate the gender difference on the self-efficacy of creative performance and creative achievement for the students in South Korea. The result of multiple regression analyses demonstrates three common variables to predict creative self-efficacy: creative thinking style, interesting/observation, creative activities related to art. The analysis shows the gender differences, in that in addition to those three variables the male group considers the creative personality in but the female group considers the creative activities related to science and the creative product. In other words, the female group judges the creative ability on the basis of more elements and considers the actual result of the experience and knowledge rather than its personality characteristics. To develop creative talents and creativity, it is required to promote a variety of programs and educational efforts for both male and female students. In particular, it is necessary to extend the access opportunity of the science-related activities and experiences for enhancing the self-efficacy of female students.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Empowering Leadership

양동민,장준호 한국무역연구원 2020 무역연구 Vol.16 No.3

Purpose This study investigates the effect of empowering leadership on creative self-efficacy, and the effect of creative self-efficacy on employee creativity. Additionally, this study examines the moderating effect of LMX and the mediating effect of creative self-efficacy. Design/Methodology/Approach This study collected data from 244 employees in 13 different companies in Korea. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Regression analysis and 3-step mediation regression analysis were performed. Findings Creative self-efficacy positively relates to employee creativity. And the result shows that LMX negatively moderates the relationship between empowering leadership and creative self-efficacy. The result is unexpected finding because LMX caused employee independence and identification to their leaders. Creative self-efficacy mediates the relationship between empowering leadership and employee creativity. Research Implications This study shows the importance of empowering leadership that can influence creative self-efficacy. Also, it provides creative self-efficacy is an important factor for increasing employee creativity. Additionally, LMX has a moderating effect, and creative self-efficacy has a direct, as well as an indirect effect on employee creativity. Implications of the research findings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided.

여성 관리자의 자기결정적 직무동기가 직무성과에 미치는 영향: 직무창의성과 창의적 자아효능감의 조절적 매개모형

강성호,허원무,김민성 한국유통과학회 2018 유통과학연구 Vol.16 No.12

Purpose - Our primary goal of this study is to investigate the positive relationship between female managers’ self-determined motivations (i.e., RAI: relative autonomy index) and job performances with the mediation of their job creativity in service industries. This study also examines the moderating role of creative efficacy on the relationship between female managers’ self-determined motivations and creativities. Finally, based on mediation and moderation hypotheses, we also tested moderating effect of creative efficacy on the mediation effect of job creativity. Research design, data, and methodology - Drawing on SDT(Self-determination theory) and COR(conservation of resources) theories, we developed three research hypotheses. Service female managers from a several service organizations(i.e. banking, retailing, and restaurant/hospitality service) in South Korea were surveyed using self-administered instrument for data collection. A total of 331 usable questionnaires were obtained after list-wise deletion. To test reliability and validity of measurement model, we employed the CFA(confirmatory factor analysis) using M-plus 8.1 Software. Also, internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's α. We, furthermore, used the SPSS PROCESS MACRO 2.16, which was suggested by Hayes (2013; 2015), to test mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation. Results - Our results revealed that self-determined motivation and job performance were positively and fully mediated by job creativity. Furthermore, the positive relationship between female managers’ self-determined motivations and job creativities was stronger when their creative self-efficacies were high than when it was low. In addition, female managers’ creative self-efficacies also amplified the positive relationship between their self-determined motivations and job performances with the mediation of job creativity. Conclusions - Our research empirically elaborated the previous model of self-determined motivation and manager/female creativity literature by presenting the findings that female managers’ self-determined motivations significantly influence their job performances via job creativity and that creative self-efficacy effectively strengthen these positive impacts. Also, our research offered new insight for practitioners (i.e. top service managers) by suggesting that they may enhance female service managers’ job performance if they pay more attention to employee creativity in service marketing.

예비 교사들의 창의력에 대한 신념과 창의적 수행

정미선(Jeong, Miseon) 한국열린교육학회 2014 열린교육연구 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구의 첫 번째 목적은 예비 교사들이 가지고 있는 창의력에 대한 신념을 확인하는 것이다. 창의적 신념은 창의력에 대한 암묵적 지식과 창의적 효능감을 포함하고 있다. 두 번째 목적은 창의적 효능감과 창의적 수행의 관계를 확인하는 것이다. 연구대상은 대구와 경북에 위치한 대학들에서 교직과목을 전공하는 학생들 160명이었고, 자료를 수집하기 위해서 4개의 개방형 질문과 창의적 효능감 검사를 실시하였으며, 자료 분석을 위해서는 내용분석과 빈도분석이 사용되었다. 그리고 창의적 효능감과 창의적 행동의 관계를 분석하기 위해 창의적 효능감 수준의 상위 25%와 하위 25%를 나누어서 이들의 창의적 과제를 수행하는 방법에 대해서 분석하였다. 분석결과, 대부분의 예비 교사들은 창의력을 독창성으로 확인하고 있었고, 그뿐만 아니라 창의력은 학습을 통해서 개발가능하다고 인식하고 있었다. 예비 교사들의 창의적 효능감은 비교적 높은 수준이었으며, 창의적 효능감 수준에 따라서 창의적 행동을 취하는 방법에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 창의적 효능감이 높은 집단은 프로젝트를 실제로 하기 전에 '사고전략'을 사용하는 경우가 가장 높은 비율로 나타났고, 창의적 효능감이 낮은 집단은 '관찰과 모방'을 가장 높게 사용하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 창의적 행동은 창의적 효능감의 기능으로 작용한다는 것을 시사해주고 있다. The first purpose of this study was to investigate prospective students' perceptions of creativity, which includes their implicit knowledge of creativity and creative self-efficacy. The second purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between creative self-efficacy and actual creative behavior in the same research participants. The research participants of this study were 160 college students who majored in middle education from three different universities in Daegu and the greater Kyungpook area. The research participants were asked to answer four open questions and a questionnaire about their perceptions of creativity. For analysis of the answers, frequency analysis and content analysis were used. The top 25% and lower 25% of research participants were distinguished in terms of their creative self-efficacy. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, most prospective teachers perceived originality as the defining aspect of creativity. They recognized the need for and importance of creativity for efficient education. Secondly, many prospective teachers answered that they often use thinking skills as a way of achieving creative behavior. Thirdly, a statistically significant difference is found between the low creative self-efficacy and the high creative self-efficacy groups in terms of creative behavior. The research results suggest that creative behavior is a function of creative self-efficacy. Therefore, the target of education of creativity should be the creative self-efficacy of the prospective teachers. The concept of creativity should be taught as to include not only originality but also usefulness.