Gene-gene Interaction in Cerebral Infarction Patients : A Study on Relationship Between Apolipoprotein E, ACE Gene Polymorphism and Sasang Constitution

Kim Jong Kwan,Kim Hyoung Soon,Bae Young Chun,Lee Sang Min,Kim Kyung Yo,Joo Jong Cheon The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2004 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a major branch of Korean Traditional Medicine. The differences of disease susceptibility to be shown in Sasang constitution may be due to genetic factors. Therefore, I examined interrelationship among cerebral infarction (CI), apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene polymorphism, and Sasang constitutional classification. Apo E is a key protein modulating the highly atherogenic apoB containing lipoproteins and is a candidate gene for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The ε2 and/or ε4 alleles were the first to be implicated in premature CAD, which resulted in this polymorphism being extensively studied. I investigated the association between apo E genotype and CI by case-control study in a Korean population. I also classified CI patients and control group into groups according to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 218 CI patients and 379 controls without CI were examined. Apo E genotype was determined by 8% polyacrylamide gel separation after DNA amplification. A frequency of apo E ε3/ε3 in the apo E genotype distribution was higher in the CI patients compared with that in controls. Also, it was widely known that Taeumin was easily attacked with CI, but there was no association between apo E polymorphim and Taeumin. However, the Taeumin constitution did not enhance the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apo E ε2 and/or ε4 alleles. No differences in the apo E genotypes frequencies were observed in the Taeumin compared with that in the other constitutions. In addition, I investigated whether the DD(deletion/deletion) or ID(insertion/deletion) genotype of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, a candidate gene for CI, was associated with CI, Taeumin constitution, and apo E polymorphism. As a result, the frequency of Taeumin constitution was significantly higher in CI patients with both apo E ε3/ε4 and ACE ID/DD genotypes than in the remaining Sasang constitutions. In summary, it was concluded that the apo E polymorphism is a major risk factor for CI in Koreans and the ACE ID/DD genotype enhanced the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apo E ε3/ε4 genotype and Taeumin constitution.

뇌경색 환자의 안지오텐신 전환요소 유전자 다형성과 사상체질

배영춘,권덕윤,김경요,김일환,주종천,Bae, Young-Choon,Kweon, Deog-Yun,Kim, Kyung-Yo,Kim, Il-Hwan,Ju, Jong-Chun 사상체질의학회 2002 사상체질의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The correlation between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphisms and cerebral infarction (CI) has been controversial. Such controversy may be due to different classifications of cerebrovascular diseases and ethnic differences. I studied the correlation between ACE genotypes and CI patients by case-control study in the Korean population. I also classified CI patients and control group into four types according to Sasang constitutional medicine. Furthermore I investigated the correlation among ACE genotypes, CI and Sasang constitutions. The frequencies of D allele were 0.32 in subjects with CI and 0.40 in the control group without CI (X2=0.128, p=0.720). In patients with CI, the frequency of Taeumins, one of four Sasang constitutional types, was significantly higher than that in controls (X2=15.425, p<0.00l). I did not find any correlation between ACE polymorphism and CI in Koreans. However, there were significant differences in allele frequencies between Koreans and Europeans, while similarities were shown to those of Japanese and Chinese populations.

비만(肥滿)과 Angiotensin 전환효소 DNA의 다형성과의 관련성 연구

김상돈 ( Sang Don Kim ),김미영 ( Mi Young Kim ),이수영 ( Byung Cheul Shin ),신병철 ( Young Dal Kwon ),권영달 ( Yung Sun Song ),송용선 ( Soo Young Lee ) 한방재활의학과학회 2002 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Objecives : The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between obesity and ACE gene polymorphism.Methods: The authors investigate ACE genotypes, Sasang Constitution, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fat mass, percentage body fat, ratio of waist-to-hip in 95 obese patients and non-obese 589 controls, and analyze the relationship between obesity and ACE gene polymorphism by utilizing independent t-test, ANOVA test and Xsquare test, a statistical technique. Results : There was no significant difference in the frequencies of the ACE genotypes, and the authors did not find any association between ACE polymorphism and obesity. Also, the author classified the obese patients into four types according to Sasang Constitution, and examined the association between obesity and Sasang Constitution. As a result, the frequency of Taeumin was significantly higher in obese patients than in controls. Conclusions : These results indicate that the ACE polymorphism is not a risk factor for the development of obesity in Korean population. Furthermore, the authors first attempted to evaluate the efficacy of Sasang Constitution, and to find an association with obesity.

Production of Superoxide Dismutase by Deinococcus radiophilus

Yun, Young-Sun,Lee, Young-Nam Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2003 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.36 No.3

The production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) varied in Deinococcus radiophilus, the UV resistant bacterium, depending upon different phases of growth, UV irradiation, and superoxide treatment. A gradual increase in total SOD activity occurred up to the stationary phases. The electrophoretic resolution of the SOD in cell extracts of D. radiophilus at each growth phase revealed the occurrence of MnSOD throughout the growth phases. The SOD profiles of D. radiophilus at the exponential phase received oxidative stress by the potassium superoxide treatment or UV irradiation also revealed the occurrence of a single SOD. However, these treatments caused an increase in SOD activity. The data strongly suggest that D. radiophilus has only one species of SOD as a constitutive enzyme, which seems to be a membrane-associated protein.

Production of Superoxide Dismutase by Deinococcus radiophilus

( Young Sun Yun ),( Young Nam Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 2003 BMB Reports Vol.36 No.3

The production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) varied in Deinococcus rdiophilus, the UV resistant bacterium, depending upon different phases of growth, UV irradiation, and superoxide treatment. A gradual increase in total SOD activity occurred up to the stationary phases. The electrophoretic resolution of the SOD in cell extracts of D. radiophilus at each growth phase revealed the occurrence of MnSOD throughout the growth phases. The SOD profiles of D, rdiophilus at the exponential phase received oxidative stress by the potassium superoxide treatment of UV irrdadiation also revealed the occurrence of a single SOD. However, these treatments caused an increase in SOD activity. The data strongly suggest that D.radiophilus has only one species of SOD as a constitutive enzyme, which seems to be a membrane-associated protein.

Improvement of a Sulfolobus-E. coli Shuttle Vector for Heterologous Gene Expression in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

( Sung Min Hwang ),( Kyoung Hwa Choi ),( Naeun Yoon ),( Jae Ho Cha ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.2

A Sulfolobus-E. coli shuttle vector for an efficient expression of the target gene in S. acidocaldarius strain was constructed. The plasmid-based vector pSM21 and its derivative pSM21N were generated based on the pUC18 and Sulfolobus cryptic plasmid pRN1. They carried the S. solfataricus P2 pyrEF gene for the selection marker, a multiple cloning site (MCS) with C-terminal histidine tag, and a constitutive promoter of the S. acidocaldarius gdhA gene for strong expression of the target gene, as well as the pBR322 origin and ampicillin-resistant gene for E. coli propagation. The advantage of pSM21 over other Sulfolobus shuttle vectors is that it contains a MCS and a histidine tag for the simple and easy cloning of a target gene as well as one-step purification by histidine affinity chromatography. For successful expression of the foreign genes, two genes from archaeal origins (PH0193 and Ta0298) were cloned into pSM21N and the functional expression was examined by enzyme activity assay. The recombinant PH0193 was successfully expressed under the control of the gdhA promoter and purified from the cultures by His-tag affinity chromatography. The yield was approximately 1 mg of protein per liter of cultures. The enzyme activity measurements of PH0913 and Ta0298 revealed that both proteins were expressed as an active form in S. acidocaldarius. These results indicate that the pSM21N shuttle vector can be used for the functional expression of foreign archaeal genes that form insoluble aggregates in the E. coli system.

Induction of Phase I, II and III Drug Metabolism/Transport by Xenobiotics

Changjiang Xu,Christina Yong-Tao Li,Ah-Ng Tony Kong 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.3

아그니와 효소의 활성화를 위한 섭생 요법 비교 연구

이거룡,허 현승 한국아유르베다학회 2023 아유르베다 융합 연구 Vol.15 No.-

This study reviewed the types and functions of Agni enzymes and introduced the regimen for activation. An imbalance of Agni and enzymes in food digestion adversely affects the body's metabolism and increases exposure to disease. The regimen is the basis for promoting digestion and metabolism, removing toxins, and enhancing immunity, and is an important therapy for health. The regimen of Āyurveda medicine can have different effects depending on the individual's doṣa, and food suitable for the doṣa should be consumed in consideration of the regularity of daily life, meal time and quantity, and cooking method. Modern medical enzymes are chemical molecules and are being quantified and refined based on scientific evidence. Through enzyme activation, the degree of absorption of calories and nutrients in food can be grasped by the human body, and efforts are being made to increase absorption efficiency through various cooking methods. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a regimen to prevent chronic diseases and infectious diseases and promote health through a healthy diet and lifestyle. Through this thesis, we will be able to see that the regimen that Āyurveda medicine and modern medicine commonly emphasize is the basis for maintaining health. 본 연구는 아그니와 효소의 종류와 기능을 고찰하고 활성화를 위한 섭생 요법에 대해 소개하였다. 음식 소화에 있어서 아그니와 효소의 불균형은 인체의 신진대사에 악영향을 주어 질병에 노출을 증 가시킨다. 섭생 요법은 소화와 대사를 촉진하고, 독소를 제거하고, 면역력을 높이는 기초이며 건강하 기 위한 중요한 요법이다. 아유르베다 의학의 섭생 요법은 개인의 도샤(doṣa)에 따라 다른 효과를 나 타낼 수 있으며, 일상생활의 규칙성, 식사 시간이나 양, 조리방법 등을 고려해 도샤에 맞는 음식을 섭 취해야 한다. 현대 의학 효소는 화학적인 분자이며 과학적인 근거를 바탕으로 수치화되고 정밀화되고 있다. 효소 활성화를 통해 음식의 칼로리와 영양소가 인체에 흡수되는 정도를 파악할 수 있고 다양한 조리방법으로 흡수 효율을 높이기 위해 노력하고 있다. 또한 세계보건기구(WHO)는 건강한 식사와 생 활 방식을 통해 만성 질환과 감염병을 예방하고 건강을 증진하기 위해 섭생 요법을 권장하고 있다. 이 논문을 통해 우리는 아유르베다 의학과 현대 의학이 공통적으로 강조하고 있는 섭생 요법이 건강 을 유지하는 기본임을 알 수 있을 것이다.