건축밀도계획에 따른 도시기후 변화의 정량적 분석

여인애(Yeo In-Ae),윤성환(Yoon Seong-Hwan) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.7

In this study, urban climate zones were categorized with urban climate factors and influential factors derived from urban climate simulation and finally the characteristics of urban block with building complex were deduced from each urban climate zone. The results of this study were as follows. 1) Urban climate simulation was performed by urban canopy model with 600 cases of urban blocks varying the size of gross building coverage ratio, building height and building width. 2)Based on the urban climate simulation results, Principle Component Analysis was performed to summarize urban climate factors characterizing urban climate zones(UCZs). 3) 4 urban climate zones were categorized from 600 cases of urban block through Cluster analysis. UCZs were classified with UCZ1: lower height block, UCZ2: width oriented-high floor space index block, UCZ3: medium H/W ratio block and UCZ4: higher H/W ratio block. 4)Approximately the difference of day average temperature of 2℃ was appeared between UCZ2, the highest day temperature zone and UCZ4, the lowest one. At UCZ1, both high daytime and nighttime average temperature and higher wind velocity than other zones. 5)Finally, the influence of urban block on urban climate formation was predicted through regression equations of each urban climate zones. With daytime temperature formation, building height and width was the most sensitive factors throughout all UCZs and especially sky view factor was the most sensitive one in high H/W urban block. With daytime wind velocity formation, building coverage ratio and sky view factor was the most influential.

기후변화시나리오를 이용한 우리나라의 기후지대 변화 연구

김용석,심교문,정명표,최인태,강기경,Kim, Yongseok,Shim, Kyo-Moon,Jung, Myung-Pyo,Choi, In-Tae,Kang, Ki-Keong 한국농림기상학회 2017 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.19 No.2

In this study, we were carried out the classification of Korea's climate zone. $K{\ddot{o}}ppen$ climate classification and Warmth Index were used for classification of climate zone and we have predicted how the climate zone will be changed during the 21st century. Especially, $K{\ddot{o}}ppen$ climate classification is one of the most widely used method in the world. The climate data used monthly climate normal data (1981-2010) and future climate data (2051-2060 and 2091-2100) by considering RCP 8.5 scenarios, which was made from geospatial climate models at 1km grid cell estimated. In conclusion, the temperature will rise steadily and the climate zone will be simplified in the future as a result.

Historical and Projected Shift in Agro-Climatic Zones and Associated Variations of Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extremes using CORDEX-SA over Pakistan

Sajjad Haider,Kalim Ullah 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.4

Agro-climatic classification systems based on aridity help to distinguish various features of aridity in different agro-climatic regions around the world revealing potentially serious implications for water and agriculture sectors in light of climate change. This study probed historical and projected variations and shifts in agro-climatic zones associated with dispersion in Probability Density Functions (PDF) for daily temperature (Tmax and Tmin) and precipitation extremes over Pakistan. In this study, a singlemodel RCMsimulation and projection from the output of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for South Asia (CORDEX-SA) data were used to evaluate these parameters for three-time spans: near future (2011–2040), mid future (2041–2070), and end of century (2071–2100); each under two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) after bias-correction for the observed baseline data (1971–2000). The data was collected from 49 weather stations. Future projections based on the used Regional Climate Model (RCM) predicted major changes in extremely arid and semi-arid zones of Pakistan in the future. In terms of statistical moments, the highest magnitude change was noted in the median and mean of the Tmax which increased as much as 5.1 °C, and the 90th percentile of the Tmin increased by up to 6.5 °C under the RCP8.5 by the end of this century in arid and the extremely arid zones. Similarly, the greatest magnitude of change in the precipitation was projected to increase more than 3.3 mm/day under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 in semi-arid zones by the end of the present century. Projected shifts in agro-climatic zones are coupled with associated changes in the statistical moments of the PDFs for drought and extreme precipitation events in agro-climatic zones in response to climate change.

미국 잠정종자이동구역(Seed transfer zone) 개념의 국내 적용 방안

김채영 ( Kim Chae-young ),김휘문 ( Kim Whee-moon ),송원경 ( Song Won-kyong ),최재용 ( Choi Jae-yong ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2021 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.24 No.2

The seed zone is a map that describes the areas where plant material can be transferred with little risk for properly adapting to a new location. The seed zone study is largely divided into studies based on genetic data and studies based on climatic data. Can be. This study was conducted to establish a temporary domestic seed zone applicable to the entire Korean Peninsula and evaluate its possibility based on the US climate-based seed zone establishment methodology. The temporary seed zone was constructed in the same way as the US case by superimposing the data obtained by dividing the winter minimum temperature into 12 grades and the data obtained by dividing the annual heat: moisture index into 6 grades. As a result of the analysis, 65 temporary seed zones were formed throughout the Korean Peninsula, and the areas of the seed zones representing the smallest and largest areas were 3.0km² and 29,423.0km², respectively, and it was confirmed that they had an average size of about 5,064.9km². Temporary seed zones applied in Korea show a pattern of changes in temperature according to the relatively horizontal forest zone, and it was confirmed that the area where the Baekdu-daegan ecological axis is located has a tendency to show lower dryness than other areas. This study applied the US climate-based seed zone methodology in Korea as a pilot, and confirmed the climatic similarity across the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, it is expected to provide an optimal seed map that improves the success rate of restoration in the future by revising the seed zone grade suitable for the domestic environment in consideration of the results of this study and the possibility of seed adaptation to the field survey and environmental space.

평년기상을 활용한 우리나라의 콩 재배지역 구분

윤동경,박 재성,서진희,원옥재,최만수,이현수,이채원 한국작물학회 2024 한국작물학회지 Vol.69 No.1

적 요우리나라 주요 밭작물의 하나인 콩 재배에서 기상에 맞는 재배 양식 개발이 필요함에 따라 콩 작황시험 생육 및수량 조사 데이터를 이용해 콩에 영향을 끼치는 기상요소를 추출하고 재배지역을 구분하였다. 1. 밀양과 수원지역의 콩 10년 동안의 작황시험 결과와 기상자료 간의 상관분석을 통해 콩에 영향을 미치는 기상요소를 분석한 결과, 생육 특성과 영양생장기 기상과의상관관계는 일교차, 강수량과 최저온도에서 높게 나타났으며, 수량특성과 생식생장기 기상과는 일교차, 강수량, 최고온도에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 2. 추출한 기상요소와 위도, 해발고도를 포함해 콩의 재배지역 구분을 위해 k-means clustering을 실시한 결과, 지역은 세 가지로 나누어졌으며, zone 1은 중부내륙지역과경기도 남부지역, zone 2는 서해안 남부지역, 동해안 남부지역과 남해지역, zone 3은 경기도 동부 일부지역과강원도 및 해발고도가 높은 지역이 포함되었다. 3. 세 가지 지역 중 위도의 범위가 넓은 zone 1을 세 가지지역으로 세분한 결과, Zone 1-1은 다른 두 지역에 비해위도가 낮았으며, 강수량이 적은 특징을 가진다. Zone 1-2는 다른 두 지역에 비해 짧은 일조시간과 높은 기온이 특징적이었다. Zone 1-3은 위도 상으로는 두 지역의중앙에 위치해 있으며, 일조 시간이 길면서 일교차가 큰특징이었다. 4. 본 연구에서 콩 재배를 위한 한국의 재배지역은 크게 3 가지로 구분되었으며, 작게는 5가지 지역으로 구분되었다. 기상 요소 및 생육 정보를 기반으로 한 재배지역을구분함으로써 국내 콩 생산에 기여할 수 있는 새로운 정보를 제공하였다. ABSTRACT A region can be divided into cultivation zones based on homogeneity in weather variables that have the greatest influence on crop growth and yield. This study classified the cultivation zone of soybean using weather indices as a prior study to classify the agroclimatic zone of soybean. Meteorological factors affecting soybeans were determined through correlation analysis over a 10 year period (from 2013 to 2022) using data from the Miryang and Suwon regions collected from the soybean yield trial database of the Rural Development Administration, Korea and the meteorological database of the Korea Meteorological Administration. The correlation between growth characteristics and the minimum temperature, daily temperature range, and precipitation were high during the vegetative growth stages. Moreover, the correlation between yield components and the maximum temperature, daily temperature range, and precipitation were high during the reproductive growth stages. As a result of k-means clustering, soybean cultivation zones were divided into three zones. Zone 1 was the central inland region and southern Gyeonggi-do; Zone 2 was the southern part of the west coast, the southern part of the east coast, and the South Sea; and Zone 3 included parts of eastern Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, and areas with high altitudes. Zone 1, which has a wide latitude range, was further subdivided into three cultivation zones. The results of this study may provide useful information for estimating agrometeorological characteristics and predicting the success of soybean cultivation in South Korea.

고해상도 기후변화 시나리오 자료를 활용한 한라산 지역 기온 및 기후대 변화 전망

최광용 건국대학교 기후연구소 2017 기후연구 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to quantify the magnitudes of projected 21st century temperature changes and shifting climate zones over Mt. Halla, Korea based on high-resolution (1km×1km) climate change scenario data sets down-scaled from a global climate model (HadGEM2-AO) simulations using PRIDE (PRISM based Downscaling Estimation Model) as well as the simulations of a Regional Climate Model (RCM; HadGEM3-RA). The high resolution climate data demonstrate that the magnitudes of increases in coldest and warmest monthly mean temperatures over Mt. Halla will exceed those of the averages across the Korean Peninsula during the 21st century, leading to the shifts of climate zones. The isoline with 5°C (20°C) of the coldest (warmest) monthly average temperature associated with sub-tropical (sub-alpine) climate zones will migrate from 100~230m (950~1,300m) to 300~500m (1,300~1,600m) of altitude in the late 21st century (2071~2100) under the RCP 4.5 scenario. These changes are expected to be more obviously observed in the south flank of Mt. Halla as well as under the RCP 8.5 scenario. These results indicate that changes in climate zones will lead to the extinction of sub-alpine ecosystems over Mt. Halla due to increases of summertime heat stress as well as to the expansion of the sub-tropical forest zone toward mid-mountain regions due to reduction of wintertime stress in the warmer 21st century.

Performance analysis of space heating smart control models for energy and control effectiveness in five different climate zones

Ahn, Jonghoon,Chung, Dae Hun,Cho, Soolyeon Elsevier 2017 Building and Environment Vol.115 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper compares smart control models for heating supply air among five different climate conditions to discuss the effectiveness of machine learning tools in terms of control and energy efficiency.</P> <P>A thermostat on/off control is typically used to maintain room temperature at a desired level. Advanced computing technologies have recently been introduced to complement the conventional on/off controls to improve control efficiency in heating systems. However, these methods, which were mostly utilized to control fuel amount or fan motor speed, lacked the capability to promptly respond to various outdoor temperature conditions as climate zones requiring refined control strategies to reduce environmental impacts.</P> <P>This paper proposes intelligent controls of mass and temperature simultaneously for heating air supply. The Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms are utilized to develop six control models, and the models are tested to evaluate both control and energy efficiency during the winter season in five climate zones (from climate zone 2 through 6; i.e., Houston, Dallas, Raleigh, Chicago, and Detroit, respectively). Results include the energy consumption, control errors, and control signals in comparison to the baseline on/off control, which confirms the fact that the ANN simultaneous controls of mass and temperature is more effective than the other controllers for control accuracy and energy savings by 71.3% and 0.3%, respectively. The effectiveness of the ANN controller can contribute to maintaining room temperature accompanying the reduction of energy consumption, which is directly related to improve human comfort and reduce environmental impacts in various climate zones.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Smart control models are proposed to improve control accuracy and energy efficiency. </LI> <LI> To provide appropriate thermal energy, the models simultaneously control air mass and temperature. </LI> <LI> Model’s purposes are to maintain desired room temperature and suppress energy consumption increases. </LI> <LI> All models are compared with conventional thermostat on/off controller in five different climate zones in the U.S. </LI> <LI> The ANN model increases the effectiveness for space heating in both moderate and cold climate areas. </LI> </UL> </P>

난방도일 기반 대한민국 행정구역별 기후존 구분 기준 정립에 관한 연구

노병일(Byeong Il Noh),최재완(Jaewan Choi),서동현(Donghyun Seo) 대한설비공학회 2015 설비공학 논문집 Vol.27 No.11

Climatic zone in building code is an administrative district classification reflecting regional climatic characteristics. Use of Degree-Days is a fundamental method that can be used in various building design codes, analysis of building energy performance, and establishment of minimum thermal transmittance of building envelopes. Many foreign countries, such as the USA, the EU, Australia, Italy, India, China, etc., have already adapted climatic zone classification with degree-days, precipitation or amount of water vapor based on the characteristics of their own country’s climate. In Korea, however, the minimum requirements for regional thermal transmittance are classified separately for the Jungbu area, Nambu area and Jeju Island with no definite criterion. In this study, degree-days of 255 Korean cities were used for climatic zone classification. Outdoor dry-bulb temperature data from the Korea Meteorological Administration for 1981~2010 was used to calculate degree-days. ArcGIS and the calculated degree-days were utilized to analyze and visualize climatic zone classification. As a result, depending on the distribution and distinctive differences in degree-days, four climatic zones were derived:1) Central area, 2) Mountain area of Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces, 3) Southern area, and 4) Jeju Island. The climatic zones were suggested per administrative district for easy public understanding and utilization.

Reference evapotranspiration estimates based on meteorological variables over Korean agro-climatic zones for rice field

정명표,허지나,심교문,김용석,강기경,최순군,이병태 한국농림기상학회 2019 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This study was conducted to estimate annual reference evapotranspiration (ET0) for the agro-climatic zones for rice paddy fields in South Korea between 1980 and 2015. The daily ET0 was estimated by applying the Penman-Monteith method to meteorological data from 61 weather stations provided by Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA). The average of annual ET0 from 1980 to 2015 was 1334.1±33.89 mm. The ET0 was the highest at the Southern Coastal Zone due to their higher air temperature and lower relative humidity. The ET0 had significantly increased with 2.81 mm/yr for the whole zones over 36 years. However, the change rate of it was different among agro-climatic zones. The annual ET0 highly increased in central zones and eastern coastal zones. In terms of correlation coefficient, the temporal change of the annual ET0 was closely related to variations of four meteorological factors (i.e., mean, minimum temperatures, sunshine duration, and relative humidity). The results demonstrated that whole Korean agro-climatic zones have been undergoing a significant change in the annual ET0 for the last 36 years. Understanding the spatial pattern and the long-term variation of the annual ET0 associated with global warming would be useful to improve crop and water resource managements at each agro-climatic zone of South Korea.

최근 6년간 중국 동북지역의 농업기후지대별 농업기후지수의 분포

정명표,박혜진,안중배,Jung, Myung-Pyo,Park, Hye-Jin,Ahn, Joong-Bae 대한원격탐사학회 2017 대한원격탐사학회지 Vol.33 No.5

This study was conducted to compare three agro-climatic indices among 22 agro-climatic zones in Northeast China area. Meteorological data produced by NASA (MERRA-2) was used to calculate growing degree days (GDD), frost free period (FFP), and growth season length (GSL) at this study sites. The three indices did not differ among 6 years (2011-2016). However, they showed statistical spatial difference among agro-climatic zones. The GDD ranged between $531.7^{\circ}C{\cdot}day$ (zone 22) and $1650.6^{\circ}C{\cdot}day$ (zone 1). The range of the FFP was from 141.5 day (zone 22) to 241.7 day (zone 1). And the GSL showed spatial distribution between 125.1 day (zone 22) and 217.9 day (zone 1).