청피(靑皮)가 천식유발 백서에서 VEGF에 미치는 영향

이해자,Lee, Hai-Ja 대한한방소아과학회 2006 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objective : Author evaluate the effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium for the bronchial asthma using assesment of the vascular endothelial growth factor after Citri Reticulatae Viride Peicarpium was intravenously administered Ovalbumine(OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mice. Material and Methods : Twenty-four female mice, 8-10 weeks old and free of murine specific pathogens, were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA. Of the sensitized mice, ten mice didn't administrate Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium and the other ten mice administrated Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium. Mice were sensitized on the first and fourteen days introspectional injection of 20 ${\mu}g$ OVA. After$21^{st}\;22^{th}\;and\;23^{rd}$, the initial sensitization, the mice were challenged for 30 minutes with an aerosol of 1% OVA in saline. Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium administered 200mg/kg in the tail of the mouse, one a day, for 7 days and beginning 14 days after first sensitization. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 72 hours after the last challenge, and total cell numbers in the BAL fluid were count. Also, lever of VEGF in the BAL fluid was measured by Enzyme immunoassays and Western blot analysis. Results: Total cell numbers in BAL fluid were significantly greater than from 72 hrs after OVA inhalation compared with cell numbers in the control group. However, there was no difference of the total cell numbers between OVA-challenge groups without Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, and OVA-challenge with Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that VEGF levels in the BAL fluids were significantly increased 72 hrs after OVA inhalation compared with levels in the control group. After administration of the Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpiu, the levels of the VEGF in BAL fluids 72 hrs after OVA inhalation reduced dramatically. Western blot analysis revealed that VEGF protein levels were increased in the all mice which were challenge with OVA, without administered Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, compared the normal mouse. However, in the groups of the administered Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium, the VEGF protein level markedly decreased. Conclusion: Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium might affect the treatment of the bronchial ashma as a inhibition of the VEGF.

Neuroprotective Effect of Citri Pericarpium On Transient Global Ischemia in Gerbils

Kim, Jiae,Jung, Hyuk-Sang,Won, Ran,Park, Ji-Ho,Kang, Chul Hun,Sohn, Nak-Won 대한동의생리학회,대한동의병리학회 2002 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The current study was carried out to evaluate neuroprotective effects of Citri Pericarpium after transient global ischemia in gerbils. Male Mongolian gerbils weighing 60-80g were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane mixed with 30% oxygen and 70% nitrogen. Bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded for 5 minute with microaneurysm clips. On 3 or 7 days after ischemic surgery, the gerbils were sacrificed. The brain were removed, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 8㎛-thickness. Gerbils that received ischemic insult for 5 min showed extensive neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region, and the number of viable neuronal cell was 51.0±2.5/㎜, 32.2% of normal group at 7 days after ischemic surgery. In animals that underwent the extract of Citri Pericarpium treatment, the number of viable neuronal cell were significantly better preserved at 110.58±3.58/㎜, 72.0% of normal group than those of ischemic group (P<0.01). In the immunohistochemistry of Bax and Bcl-2, the Citri Pericarpium treated group down-regulated the expression of Bax protein at 72hr after transient global ischemia. In contrast, Bcl-2 protein level was not changed. The appearance in TUNEL assay is similar to the pattern of Bax protein. The water extract of Citri Pericarpium significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive CA1 pyramidal neurons at 72hr. The results suggest that Citri Pericarpium has potential neuroprotective effects in the transient global ischemia and the increase in the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax may contribute to the anti-apoptotic effect of Citri Pericarpium.

역류성(逆流性) 식도염(食道炎)에 대한 이진탕가미방(二陳湯加味方) 구성(構成) 개별(個別) 한약재의 효과(效果)

이상태,곽민아,Lee, Sang-Tae,Kwak, Min-A 대한한방내과학회 2013 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the protective effects of 8 types of individual herbal components of Yijintang-gamibang, on the reflux esophagitis (RE) in rats as compared with omeprazole. Methods : Each 100 mg/kg individual herbal component was orally pretreated, at 1 hr before and 6 hrs after pylorus and forestomach ligation, the changes on the esophageal lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal total hexose and sialic acid contents were observed with changes on the esophageal histopathology. The results were compared with an omeprazole 10 mg/kg treated group. Results : Pylorus and forestomach ligation-induced RE were inhibited by treatment of all 8 herbal components and omeprazole except for Pinella Rhizoma and Massa Meicata Fermentata, in order of Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, omeprazole, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Hordei Fructus Germiniatus, Holelen and Citri Pericarpium, as compared with RE control. Pinella Rhizoma and Massa Meicata Fermentata did not show any favorable protective effects against RE nor antioxidant effects in the present study. Conclusions : The main active herbal components showing favorable protective effects on RE of Yijintang-gamibang mediated by antioxidant effects, were Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Hordei Fructus Germiniatus, Holelen and Citri Pericarpium. Furthermore Atractylodis Rhizoma and Citri Pericarpium showed more favorable protective effects as compared with omeprazole, therefore, it is expected that Atractylodis Rhizoma and Citri Pericarpium have potential as new alternatives or safe therapeutics against RE.

청피(靑皮)가 뇌혈류와 복강내 Macrophage에 미치는 영향

김남순 ( Nam Soon Kim ),황경택 ( Kyung Taek Whang ),황일택 ( Il Taek Whang ),강덕수 ( Duk Soo Kang ),강학천 ( Hak Chun Kang ),한종현 ( Jong Hyun Han ) 대한경락경혈학회 2001 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.18 No.2

Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium is being used to regulate the flow of gi. However, the mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not well understood. The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium on peritoneal macrophages in mice and blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow in rats. Nitric oxide production was tested using a Griess reagents, and a phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophage was tested using a luminometer. Blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow was tested using a phygiograph, MacLab and Macintosh computer with data acquisition system. 1. Blood pressure was increased by Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium in a dose-dependent manner. 2. rCBF was increased by Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol significantly inhibited Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium induced increase in rCBF. 4. Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium inhibited nitric oxide production from peritoneal macrophages in mice. 5. Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium accelerated phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage in mice These results suggest that Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium causes a diverse response of blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), nitric oxide production and phagocytic activity. The increase in rCBF is also mediated by adrenergic βrecepter.

동의보감(東醫寶鑑) 중(中) 청피(靑皮)가 주약(主藥)으로 배오(配伍)된 방제(方劑)의 활용(活用)에 대한 고찰(考察)

서범석,기호필,이준서,윤용갑,Seo, Beom-Seok,Ki, Ho-Pil,Lee, Joon-Suh,Yun, Yong-Gab 대한한의학방제학회 2010 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

This report was studied 72 cases studies related to the use of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Virdie mainly blended prescriptions from Dongeuibogam. The following conclusion were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Virdie as a key ingredient. Prescriptions that Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Virdie was taken as a monarch drug are utilized for 25 therapeutic purposes, for example, abdominal mass, children disease, malaria and abdominal dropsy. In particular, 13.9% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of abdominal mass, and 12.5% of those appear in the chapter of children. Prescriptions that utilize Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Virdie as the main ingredient are used in the treatment of abdominal mass, abdominal dropsy, scrotal hernia and malaria. Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Virdie is used in pathogenic factors such as cold and used in pathology related to the spleen system. The dosage of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Virdie is 1bun(about 0.375 gram) to 4jeon(about 15 gram), however 5bun(about 1.875 gram) to 8bun(about 3 gram) has been taken the most for clinical application. Yukmisamleunghwan and Hyungbongjeonwon are the most useful base prescriptions which use the Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Virdie as the main ingredient.

청피(靑皮)가 강제수영부하에 따른 우울행동에 미치는 영향

권용욱 ( Yong Uk Kwon ),이태희 ( Tae Hee Lee ) 대한본초학회 2008 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

Objectives: Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium(CR) Methods: In order to investigate the antidepressant effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium(CR), we performed the forced swimming test. Also the expression of CRF, HSP70 and c-fos was measured with immunohistochemical method at PVN. Results: 1. The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the CR 100mg/kg, 400mg/kg groups. 2. In the Control group, CRF expression was significantly increased in the PVN. Also, these CRF increase were significantly reduced in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. 3. HSP70 expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. 4. C-fos expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. Conclusions: According to the results, it can be considered that Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium has antidepressant effect.

카드뮴으로 유발된 산화 스트레스에 대한 진피의 간세포 보호 및 항산화 효과

노규표,변성희,정대화,이종록,박숙자,김상찬 대한한의학방제학회 2020 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

Objective : Citri Unshius Pericarpium is the dried peel of mature fruit of Citrus unshiu Markovich and has been used to treat indigestion, vomiting, and removal of phlegm. This study investigated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of CEE (Ethanol extract of Citri Unshius Pericarpium) in cadmium (CdCl2)-treated HepG2 cells. Methods : Component analysis of Citri Unshius Pericarpium was analyzed by UPLC with C18 column. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were analyzed using commercially available kits. Results : Cadmium caused severe HepG2 cell death. Cadmium also increased ROS production, consistent with depletion of GSH and inhibition of the SOD enzyme. However, CEE treatment reduced cell death and relieved oxidative stress caused by cadmium toxicity. CEE lowered ROS levels and improved depletion of GSH levels. CEE also enhanced the enzymatic activity of SOD. In component analysis, hesperidin was the most abundant of the five marker compounds (Narigenin, Narigin, Narirutin, Hesperidin and Hesperidin), which assumes that hesperidin partially contributed to the antioxidant activity of CEE. Conclusion : These results suggested that CEE could be a potential substance to solve heavy metal-related health problems. In particular, inhibition of oxidative stress by CEE can be a way to treat liver damage caused by cadmium.

진피(陳皮)의 저장기간에 따른 항알러지효과 비교

신용욱 ( Yong Wook Shin ) 대한본초학회 2012 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

Objectives : The present study was undertaken to determine whether the ethanol extact of Citri Pericarpium (CP, Pericarp of Citrus unshiu Markovich, Rutaceae) is effective against atopic dermatitis according to it`s storage period. Methods : To evaluate antiallergic effect of CP and OCP (Old Citri Pericarpium) evaluated in vivo their inhibitory effects against passive cutaenous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex and scratching behaviors by compound 48/80. The Anti-atopic effects were measured by contact dermatitis, prurient animal model and PCA reaction. Contact dermatitis in mice as a model of the Type IV reaction caused by Oxazolone. Results : The results showed that anti-pruritus effects, analgesic effects of CP was depends on its hesperetin contents. And It also showed that keep longer in storage appeared to be higher in hesperetin contents. Both CP and OCP(Old CP) have a dose-dependent analgesic action in acetic acid induced writhing syndrome. OCP Potently inhibited PCA reaction in mice, although OCP weakly inhibited in long term contact dermatitis model in mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that the Proportional to the storage period, Citri Pericarpium possesses analgesic effects and anti-allergic effects.

청피가 FST에서 TH와 ACTH변화에 미치는 영향

박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ),이태희 ( Tae Hee Lee ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives: The investigation of the antidepressant effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium (CR) Methods: we performed the forced swimming test. Also the expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) was measured with immunohistochemical method at the Ventral Tegmental area (VTA), Locus coeruleus (LC). The Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) level was measured in plasma. Results: 1. The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the CR 100 mg/kg, CR 400 mg/kg groups, comparing with the control group (p<0.05, p<0.001). 2. TH expressions in the VTA, LC were significantly reduced in the CR 100mg/kg and CR 400mg/kg treated group, comparing with the control group (p<0.05, p<0.001). 3. ACTH expression in plama was significantly reduced in the CR 100 mg/kg treated group, comparing with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to the above results, it can be considered that Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium has antidepressant effect through the reduction of TH expression at VTA, LC and ACTH level in plasma.

청피(靑皮)와 지골피(地骨皮) 복합제(複合劑)가 강제수영부하실험에서 CRF, c-Fos와 TH의 변화에 미치는 영향

이태희 ( Tae Hee Lee ),박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ) 대한본초학회 2010 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objectives: In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamic system was investigated Methods: The forced swimming test(FST) was performed. The expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN), and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the ventral tegmental area(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC) was measured with immunohistochemical method and the concentration of seum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) was measured with ELISA method. And the experimental groups were divided into the extraction after mixing(A) and mixture after extraction(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results: The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the A400 group(P<0.01). The expression of CRF in PVN were significantly reduced in the A100, A400, B100, B400groups(P<0.001). But the expression of c-fos in PVN weren`t reduced in all groups. And the concentration of ACTH in Plasma were significantly reduced in the A 100 group(P<0.01). The expression of TH in LC were significantly reduced in the A 400, B 100 and B400 groups(P<0.05~P<0.01). Conclusion: Mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex has antidepressant effects. But the difference between mixing and extracting methods was not shown.