차체 구조용 샌드위치 복합소재 단열 특성 평가

이상진 ( Sang Jin Lee ),오경원 ( Kyung Won Oh ),정종철 ( Jong Cheol Jeong ),공창덕 ( Chang Duk Kong ),김정석 ( Jeong Seok Kim ),조세현 ( Se Hyun Cho ) 한국복합재료학회 2006 Composites research Vol.19 No.1

Rising Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Bone Fracture in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: A United States Population-Based Study

( Mindie H. Nguyen ),( Joseph Lim ),( A. Burak Ozbay ),( Jeremy Fraysse ),( Iris Liou ),( Laura Moore-schiltz ),( Geoffrey Dusheiko ),( Stuart Gordon ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Older patients and those of Asian descent are at higher risk for osteoporosis. In the U.S., most patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are Asians. The aim of this study was to characterize the longitudinal trends in osteoporosis and bone fractures and to describe comorbidities and concomitant medications use in a large diverse population of U.S. CHB patients between 2006 and 2015. Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with CHB (without HDV) with continuous enrollment in the 6 months before and after CHB diagnosis were identified from the MarketScan® Commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid Databases during 7/1/2004- 6/30/2015. These CHB patients were matched to non-CHB controls by payer type, year, age, gender. The prevalence (per 1000 persons) and incidence (per 1000 person- years) of osteoporosis and bone fracture were calculated for each year during 2006-2015. Comorbidities and medication use which may influence bone mineralization were also evaluated. Results: Among the 44,026 CHB patients identified for the study, the prevalence of fracture and osteoporosis increased significantly between 2006 and 2015 by nearly 2-fold (91 to 177 per 1000) overall (Figure). This trend was observed for both males (76 to 133 per 1000) and females (109 to 228 per 1000). When compared to matched non-CHB controls, the prevalence and incidence were significantly higher in CHB patients during each study year period. In CHB patients, the prevalence of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, or vitamin D deficiency also increased nearly 3-folds from 7% to 20%, (p<0.001). During the same period, the concomitant use of corticosteroids increased from 17% to 24%. Conclusions: : Between 2006-2015, the prevalence of bone fracture and osteoporosis increased significantly in U.S. patients with CHB, and was much higher in CHB patients than non-CHB controls. During the same period, comorbidities related to bone mineral loss also increased and should be considered in the management of CHB patients.

Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) Patients Have Increasing Prevalence and Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease: Real-World Analysis of 165,594 U.S. Patients

( Mindie H. Nguyen ),( Joseph Lim ),( A. Burak Ozbay ),( Jeremy Fraysse ),( Iris Liou ),( Laura Moore-schiltz ),( Geoffrey Dusheiko ),( Stuart Gordon ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant comorbidity that may be more common among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Our goal was to characterize the prevalence and incidence of CKD over time during the period from 2006 to 2015 in a diverse population of CHB patients across the U.S. Methods: Using the Truven Health MarketScan^® Commercial (general population), Medicare (mostly older than 65), and Medicaid (low income population) insurance databases, we identified a cohort of CHB cases (without HDV). We matched these to non-CHB controls by calendar year of diagnosis date, age, gender, and geographic region. Primary outcomes were CKD prevalence (per 1000 persons) and incidence (per 1000 person-years). We analyzed CKD outcomes by age group and by presence of diabetes and hypertension for CHB patients in 2015. Results: This study included 44,026 CHB patient cases and 121,568 non-CHB controls CKD prevalence increased significantly over time and was higher in CHB than non-CHB controls (Figure 1). CKD prevalence increased by nearly 3-fold from 44 to 114, p<0.001. CKD incidence increased by 56% (13 to 20, p=0.003). Between 2006 to 2015, the proportion of patients with comorbidities that may predispose patients to CKD increased: 12.2%-17.7% for diabetes, 22.0% -37.3% for hypertension. For CHB patients in 2015, CKD prevalence in patients with diabetes and hypertension was 10-fold higher than those without, and 6-fold higher in patients older than 60 compared to younger than 45. Conclusions: CKD prevalence in CHB patients has increased by almost 3-fold from 2006 to 2015 and is significantly higher than matched non-CHB controls and with similar trends observed for CKD incidence. CKD is particularly prevalent in older CHB patients and those with the comorbidities of diabetes and hypertension. Whether CHB has contributed to the prevalence of CKD in the cohort requires further analysis.

청열해독복합방의 항종양작용에 대한 실험적 연구

진가현 ( Ga Hyun Jin ),김수명 ( Su Myung Kim ),강탁림 ( Tak Lim Kang ),김동희 ( Dong Hee Kim ) 대한본초학회 2003 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

N/A Objectives : To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Cheongyoelhaedokbang(CHB), studies were done experimentally. Method : The study was carried out to evaluate antitumor activity, cytotoxicity, topoisomerase 1 activity, apoptosis and T/C% were measured, and also pulmonary colonization and histological changes of lung in B16-F10 injceted mice, levels of blood vessel formation in the CAM assay and platelet coagulation were measured to prove antimetastatic effects. Results : The results were obtained as follows 1. Treatment of CHB showed cytotoxic effect on A549, SK-OV-3, NIH: OVCAR-3, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line by 40% or higher than non-treated control cells at conc. of 100 ㎍/ml. 2. IC_50 value for the inhibition of topoisomerase 1 enzyme activity by CHB was 50-100 ㎍/ml. 3. Treatment of Jurkat cells with CHB and FACS analysis didn`t showed significant changes compared to non-treated control cells. 4. The T/C% was 127.65% in treatment of CHB in S-180 hearing ICR mice. 5. CHB treatment inhibited the adhesion of A549, SK-OV-3 cancer cell line to the complex substrates of culture dish surface. Cell detachment with CHB treatment (100 ㎍/ml) was higher than 40% compared to non-treated control cells. 6. In pulmonary colonization assay, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in treatment of CHB compared to non-treated control cells. 7. In the histological changes of lung in B16-F10 injected mice, infiltration area of cancer cells were inhibited effectively in CHB treated group and also infiltration of lymphocytes were shown in pulmonary vein of CHB treated group. 8. In the CAM assay by which the levels of blood vessel formation can be determined quantitatively, CHB treatment inhibited vessel formation by 50%. 9. CHB treatment (10 ㎍/ml or higher concentrations) completely inhibited platelet coagulation by ADP. And also inhibited platelet coagulation by epinephrine in dose dependent manner. Conclusion : From above results it was concluded that CHB could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of cancer. and it is still necessary to research on synergic effect with key prescreptions in relation to cancer therapy in oriental medicine

Increasing Age and Comorbidities in 13,639 Adult Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) from 2011 to 2016 in Japan

( Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi ),( Hiroshi Yatsuhashi ),( Masayuki Kurosaki ),( Richard Zur ),( Steve Sherman ),( Mindie H. Nguyen ),( Sooji Lee ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: CHB affects approximately 1% of the general population in Japan with higher prevalence in older people. This study aims to characterize the evolving CHB patient demographics and comorbidity burden in Japan as well as their changes over 2011- 2016. Methods: We used the Medical Data Vision (MDV) claims database to identify patients =18 years with =1 ICD-10 codes for CHB (B18.1), having =1 HBsAg test and =1 HBeAg test, viral load test, or HB core antibody test. Patients were required to have continuous enrollment for 6 months prior and post index date (first date of CHB diagnosis) during 1/1/2011-12/31/2016. Patient demographic and comorbidity data was reported from 2011 to 2016. Results: A total of 13,639 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Males made up 58% of patients in 2011 and decreased to 54% in 2016 (P<0.0001). The average age of patients was 60.7±13.1 years in 2011 and increased to 63.9±13.2 years in 2016 (P<0.0001). The proportion of the population over 65 increased from 42% in 2011 to 57% in 2016 (P<0.0001). The Charlson comorbidity index, an overall measure of patient comorbidity (covering 17 conditions), increased from 2.7 to 3.7 (P<0.0001) from 2011 to 2016. In 2016, 14% of CHB patients in Japan had diabetes (DM), 16% with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 5% with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 9% with fragility (non-traumatic) bone fractures; all of which have increased significantly from 2011 (all P<0.05) [Figure 1]. Similarly there was a high prevalence of comorbidities in 2016 such as hypertension (38%), renal impairment (20%), hyperlipidemia (19%), liver impairment (15%), and osteoporosis (9%), although these did not show a significant increase over time. Conclusions: Between 2011 and 2016, the Japanese CHB population has aged (~80% =55) and are having more comorbidities, which may affect CHB management and should be considered in their treatment and monitoring.

Increasing Age and Comorbidities in Adult Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) from 2007 to 2016 in Korea

( Dae Won Jun ),( Hyunwoo Oh ),( Hyun Jung Ahn ),( Bo Ok Kim ),( Mindie H. Nguyen ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: CHB prevalence in Korea ranges from 2-7% and is attributable for ~64-70% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. This study aims: to characterize the distribution and trend in demographics and comorbidity among CHB patients in Korea between 2007 and 2016. Methods: We used the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) Database to identify patients ≥18 years with CHB as identified by ICD-10 codes (B18.1). Demographic and comorbidity data was reported cross-sectionally for 2007, 2011, and 2016. Patients were required to have ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 outpatient claims: for CHB for each eligible year. Comorbidities were confirmed through both disease code and medication prescriptions. Results: A total of 253,002 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria in 2007, with 320,245 in 2011 and 418,099 patients in 2016. Males made up 63% of patients in 2007 and decreased to 60% in 2016 (P<0.0001). The mean age of patients was 47 years (SD 13.3) in 2007 and increased to 52 years (SD 12.5) in 2016 (P<0.0001). The proportion of the population over 65 years of age increased from 10.4% in 2007 to 15.7% in 2016 (P<0.0001). As shown in Figure 1, by 2016, 36% of CHB patients in Korea had hyperlipidemia, 28.8% with hypertension, 14.6% with osteoarthritis, 13.1% with diabetes, 11.9% with osteoporosis/bone fracture, 4.8% with cerebrovascular disease, and 2.3% with chronic kidney disease ; all of which have increased significantly from 2007 (all P<0.001). Furthermore, 2007 prevalence of cirrhosis (23%), decompensated cirrhosis (3.7%) and HCC (5.4%) decreased significantly in 2016 to 22.3%, 2.2%, and 4.6% respectively (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Between 2007-2016, the Korean CHB population has significantly aged with more comorbidities, including renal and metabolic bone disease that may affect CHB management. Careful selection of treatment and monitoring should be considered in these populations. Liver sequalae have also decreased, possibly due to better vaccination and CHB management.

Increasing Age and Comorbidities of U.S. Chronic Hepatitis B Patients : A Longitudinal Analysis of 44,026 Patients over 10 Years

( Mindie H. Nguyen ),( Joseph Lim ),( A. Burak Ozbay ),( Jeremy Fraysse ),( Iris Liou ),( Laura Moore-schiltz ),( Geoffrey Dusheiko ),( Stuart Gordon ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Little is known about the age, prevalence of comorbidities, and co-medications among U.S. patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Our aim was to characterize these longitudinal trends in a large diverse population of U.S. CHB patients, between 2006 and 2015. Methods: We conducted a study of CHB patients ≥ 18 years of age (without HDV) who were continuously enrolled for 6 months before and after CHB diagnosis, using de-identified and U.S. administrative healthcare claims extracted from the Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial (general population), Medicare (older than 65), and Multi-State Medicaid (low income population) databases between 7/1/2004 and 6/30/2015. Results: We identified a total of 44,026 U.S. CHB patients. The median age of CHB patients increased from 47 in 2006 to 52 in 2015 (p<0.001). Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index scores increased over time from a mean of 1.1 in 2006 to 1.4 in 2015 (p<0.001). The proportion of CHB patients with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia also increased significantly between 2006 and 2015 (p<0.001) (Figure). Specifically, from 2006 to 2015, diabetes increased from 12.2% to 17.7%, renal impairment increased from 9.8% to 16.7%, hypertension increased by almost two-fold from 22.0% to 37.3%, hyperlipidemia increased by almost 3-fold from 8.1% to 24.0%, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increased over 2-folds from 1.7% to 5.2% (p<0.001). From 2006 to 2015, use of cardiovascular medications increased from 27.0% to 37.1% and use of antidiabetic medications increased from 10.3% to 13.2% (p<0.001). Conclusions: Between 2006 and 2015, the median age of patients with CHB significantly increased with increasing prevalence of associated comorbidities and concomitant medication use, up to 3-fold increase in some major comorbidities. The contribution of hepatitis B to these comorbidities in an aging population merits further analysis but advancing age and comorbidities in this group require appropriate management.

A Dynamic Power Distribution Strategy for Large-scale Cascaded Photovoltaic Systems

Kangan Wang,Xiaojie Wu,Fujin Deng,Feng Liu 전력전자학회 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.5

The cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel converter is a promising topology for large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems. The output voltage over-modulation derived by the inter-module active power imbalance is one of the key issues for CHB PV systems. This paper proposed a dynamic power distribution strategy to eliminate the over-modulation in a CHB PV system by suitably redistributing the reactive power among the inverter modules of the CHB PV system. The proposed strategy can effectively extend the operating region of the CHB PV system with a simple control algorithm and easy implementation. Simulation and experimental results carried out on a seven-level CHB grid-connected PV system are shown to validate the proposed strategy.

Serum Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Patients and Relationship with Clinical Parameters

( Ali Pekcan Demiröz ),( Reyhan Öztürk ),( Şener Barut ),( Salih Cesur ),( Semanur Ayyıldız ),( Vildan Fidancı ),( Osman Demir ),( Ferdi Güneş ),( Laser Şanal ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and C (CHC) are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Defining of inflammatory activity and severity of disease is important for commencing antiviral treatment and monitoring the patient. Currently noninvasive serological markers to define disease activity are of great interest. In this study we aimed to determine soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels of patients with CHB and CHC, compare its levels with those of controls and to find if suPAR levels correlated with some laboratory parameters, histologic activity index (HAI) and fibrosis stage. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with CHB, 11 patients with CHC and 41 healthy subjects, eighty subjects in total, were included in the study. suPAR levels of all subjects were determined using commercial ELISA kits according to manufacturer’s instructions. Correlation between suPAR levels and parameters including AST, ALT, leukocyte count, thrombocyte count and liver histology scores were statistically analyzed. Results: Fifty percent of CHB patients were on oral antiviral treatment. Serum suPAR levels of both CHB and CHC patients were higher than controls (p< 0,001). Age, suPAR, HAI, AST, ALT, leukocyte and thrombocyte counts of subjects in different groups (CHB, CHC patients and controls) were shown in table 1. When we divided patients into two groups according to HBV DNA, suPAR levels were not different between patients with HBV DNA >1000 IU/ml and those with HBV DNA<1000 IU/ml. suPAR levels were not found to be correlated with AST, ALT levels, thrombocyte and leukocyte counts or histologic findings. Conclusions: In both CHB and CHC patients, suPAR levels were determined to be higher than healthy controls although suPAR was not found to be correlated with diseae activity or severity related parameters. However new wide scale studies are needed to investigate the relation between suPAR and disease activity or fibrosis stage.

A Dynamic Power Distribution Strategy for Large-scale Cascaded Photovoltaic Systems

Wang, Kangan,Wu, Xiaojie,Deng, Fujin,Liu, Feng The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.5

The cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel converter is a promising topology for large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems. The output voltage over-modulation derived by the inter-module active power imbalance is one of the key issues for CHB PV systems. This paper proposed a dynamic power distribution strategy to eliminate the over-modulation in a CHB PV system by suitably redistributing the reactive power among the inverter modules of the CHB PV system. The proposed strategy can effectively extend the operating region of the CHB PV system with a simple control algorithm and easy implementation. Simulation and experimental results carried out on a seven-level CHB grid-connected PV system are shown to validate the proposed strategy.