BRAIDING HAIRSTYLE TECHNIQUES AS ASSET FOR ELDERLY AFRICAN WOMEN TO COPE WITH THE AGEING BY INTERACTING WITH THEIR FAMILY

Kindavyi Lorraine,Youngsuk Kwon 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

Hair braiding has long been a tradition in the Black community as well as a bonding experience between mothers, daughters and siblings. In each hairstyle include braiding, the comb is believed as a good instrument to make hair style. The beauty of hair braiding in Africa is one of the outstanding African cultures and enhances the African women self-esteem. Hair braiding is art-crafts activities using the fingertips and is useful activities for senior people because it makes increasing blood flow and brain activity. This paper focuses on how African old women live to cope with the ageing. The braiding techniques can allow to senior women to be useful and increase their physical health, also the act of braiding allow the good communication and relationship between generations while grandmothers braid their granddaughter. As the research method, i used the review of literature and empirical study. On the review of literature, I used overseas literature on hairstyle, academic papers and web site. As illustration, the author Henrietta M. Smith (2009) said that, the mother and the grandmother braid their granddaughter and at the same time, they make or they share the stories of the braid patterns that are part of their inheritance. On empirical study, I suggest 3 types of braiding style which are: Single, Twist and Cornrow braiding style. To develop the techniques, I have been helped by a hair designer. The way I precede, the hair designer braided until the middle of the strand and then I continued till the end. And the third person took the pictures. The results are as follows 1. African braiding styles are very unique and creative. Braiding style is styled in varies ways. It is viewed as modernity with different styles includes fashion models. To braid is an outward expression of the most inner viewed like design so it is very useful activity for development of cognitive function for senior generation. 2. Hair braiding time for granddaughter will be extremely useful time for African old women and will gives them more happiness and healthy life. Also it will create good relationship with their family and allow good communications between generations. 3. We choose 3 types of hair braiding styles which are easy for senior women to learn and to understand. The choice hair braids are single braid, twist braid and cornrow braid. 4. The results of this research will be helpful for coping with the ageing in senior women people. And disciplines of this hair braiding techniques will contribute to improve their economic security, health and living conditions, also improve their physical and moral conditions.

조선시대 조대(絛帶)와 끈목 제작에 관한 연구

김시재(Kim, Si-jae),조우현(Cho, Woo-hyun) 한국조형디자인학회 2012 조형디자인연구 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 조대(絛帶)에 관한 문헌자료와 초상화, 실물자료를 고찰하여 조대의 명칭과 특징을 고찰하고, 그 형태적 특성과 제작법을 알아보았다. 조선시대 문헌에 보이는 조대의 명칭은 조아(條兒, 絛兒, 細絛兒, 廣絛兒, 廣絛兒絛環具), 조대(條帶, 絛帶, 細縧帶, 扁絛, 扁絛帶), 사대(絲帶), 다회(多繪, 多繪絛環綵囊具) 등이 있다. 이 중 가장 많이 사용된 명칭은 조아이다. 조대는 가늘다는 의미의 수식어인 세(細)와 넓다는 의미의 수식어인 광(廣)자가 붙은 경우가 보인다. 다회는 조사된 끈목 명칭 중 유일하게 한글 명칭이며, 한자를 차용해 多繪로 표기했다. 문헌자료를 통해 살펴본 결과 조대는 왕에서부터 일반백성에 이르기까지, 또 사례복에서 관복, 편복에 이르기까지 폭넓게 사용되었다. 문헌에 보인 조대의 색상은 홍색(대홍색, 반홍색, 번홍색), 자색, 녹색, 청색(아청색), 흑색, 백색이 확인된다. 초상화에서 확인한 조대(絛帶)는 모두 편복(便服)차림에 사용한 것이었고, 폭이 좁은 끈목을 사용한 세조대가 대부분이다. 색상은 붉은색, 자색, 청색, 녹색, 백색, 흑색이 보였다. 19세기 이전과 이후로 구분되어 그 형태에서 큰 차이를 보인다. 19세기 이전 조대의 술이 금전지 위에 망을 뜬 화려한 형태가 많았던 것에 비해, 19세기 이후에는 딸기술이 대부분이다. 유물을 보면 19세기 이전 것은 끈목의 폭이 넓은 광조대가 많고, 19세기 이후에는 끈목의 폭이 좁은 세조대가 대부분이다. 조대(絛帶)의 재료인 끈목은 크게 환조(丸絛)와 편조(扁絛)로 나뉜다. 환조를 제작하는데 사용되는 끈틀은 남원에서 사용하던 끈틀과 궁중에서 상궁들이 사용하던 끈틀 2종류가 유물로 전해지고 있다. 편조를 짤 수 있는 끈틀은 한국에는 전해지는 것이 없고, 일본에 이를 짤 수 있는 끈틀이 남아있어 참조가 된다. This paper targets Jodae (絛帶, braided belt) among various Daes (帶, belts). It has aimed to classify names and features of Jodae through literature materials & actual data and review color and dressing of Jodae through portraits and investigate the morphological characteristics and manufacturing technique. During Joseon Dynasty, Jodae was called, ‘Joa(條兒, 絛兒, 細絛兒, 廣絛兒, 廣絛兒絛環具), Jodae(條帶, 絛帶, 細縧帶, 扁絛, 扁絛帶), Sadae(絲帶), Dahoe(다회, 多繪, 多繪絛環綵囊具), Sodae(小帶) or Johwan(條環, 絛環, 吐環).’ The braided belt was widely used in for coming-of-age/ marriage/ funeral/ ancestor worship costume, official attire, and home wear by all people from King to commoners. According to Joseon documents, Jodae colors were confirmed that red, purple, green, darkish blue, black, and white were observed. According to analysis on cultural remains from Joseon Dynasty, Jodae was classified into Sejodae (narrow braided belt) and Gwangjodae (wide braided belt). The braid can be classified into tubular braid and flat braid. Tubular braid is twill oblique interlaced that is used in Sejodae. In case of flat braid, the oblique interlacing braid and the warp-crossing braid is used in Sejodae and Gwangjodae. The braiding-device remains were found in two types; the one used in Namwon and the other used at a palace (late Joseon Dynasty). They were used in manufacturing tubular braid. However, the braiding-device used in manufacturing flat braid was not all known. But the flat braid can be made with Japan braiding-device, Dakadai (高台) and Ayadakedai (綾竹台), In particular, Dakadai was also called ‘Gorai (高麗)’ and ‘Goraiuchi (高麗打)’. Therefore, it can be estimated that it originated from Korea.

ON THE QUASITORIC BRAID INDEX OF A LINK

BAE, YONGJU,SEO, SEOGMAN Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회지 Vol.52 No.6

We dene new link invariants which are called the quasitoric braid index and the cyclic length of a link and show that the quasitoric braid index of link with k components is the product of k and the cycle length of link. Also, we give bounds of Gordian distance between the (p,q)-torus knot and the closure of a braid of two specific quasitoric braids which are called an alternating quasitoric braid and a blockwise alternating quasitoric braid. We give a method of modication which makes a quasitoric presentation from its braid presentation for a knot with braid index 3. By using a quasitoric presentation of $10_{139}$ and $10_{124}$, we can prove that $u(10_{139})=4$ and $d^{\times}(10_{124},K(3,13))=8$.

ON THE QUASITORIC BRAID INDEX OF A LINK

배영주,서석만 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회지 Vol.52 No.6

We dene new link invariants which are called the quasitoric braid index and the cyclic length of a link and show that the quasitoric braid index of link with k components is the product of k and the cy- cle length of link. Also, we give bounds of Gordian distance between the (p, q)-torus knot and the closure of a braid of two specific quasitoric braids which are called an alternating quasitoric braid and a blockwise alternat- ing quasitoric braid. We give a method of modication which makes a quasitoric presentation from its braid presentation for a knot with braid index 3. By using a quasitoric presentation of 10139 and 10124, we can prove that u(10139) = 4 and d×(10124, K(3, 13)) = 8.

Cure Monitoring and Internal Strain Measurement of 3-D Hybrid Braided Composites using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor

Jung, Kyungho,Jin Kang, Tae Sage Publications 2007 Journal of composite materials Vol.41 No.12

<P>Curing behavior and internal strain of 3-D hybrid braided composites is studied using embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Thermo-optic coefficients and photo-elastic constant of fabricated FBG sensors are experimentally determined. A seven-layered three-dimensional (3-D) braided preform is fabricated. S2 glass fiber is used as the main braiding yarn, and Kevlar fiber is inserted in the exterior surface layer in the axial direction. Several nylon fibers are braided together in order to replace the FBG sensors after braiding. FBG sensors are embedded along the curved braiding yarn as well as in the machine direction. An FBG-embedded 3-D braided composite is fabricated using the resin-transfer molding (RTM) process. During the cure process, the expansion and contraction caused by the matrix cure as well as temperature changes are monitored. Local dimensional changes are measured quantitatively using an FBG sensor system. The FBG sensor embedded along a curved braiding yarn exhibited a relatively small amount of shrinkage. By using embedded FBG sensors and surface-bonded electric strain gages, internal strains of the 3-D braided composite are measured during compressive and flexural tests, and the results show good agreement with each other.</P>

On a Quasitoric Virtual Braid Presentation of a Virtual Link

Bae, Yongju,Seo, Seogman Department of Mathematics 2015 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.55 No.1

We introduce a quasitoric virtual braid and show that every virtual link can be obtained by the closure of a quasitoric virtual braid. Also, we show that the set of quasitoric virtual braids with n strands forms a group which is a subgroup of the n-virtual braid group.

브레이드 강화 열가소성 복합재료의 인장특성에 관한 연구 -중앙사와 중심사의 영향-

이덕래,김학용,이종문,서민강,최종주,이성철,마태준 한국섬유공학회 2000 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.37 No.10

Composite materials reinforced with fabric preforms made by weaving, braiding or knitting yarns are currently being considered as alternatives to tape laminates. Such fabric reinforced "textile" composites have potential for improved impact and delamination resistance. In this study, braid composites of 2${\times}$2 and 2D triaxial fabricated under different braid angle by using parallel yarns. Middle-end yarns were inserted between the braider yarns and axial yarn were inserted in circular braids. The tensile properties decreased with the increase in the braid angle. The tensile strength of inlaid axial yarn composites was higher than that of inlaid middle-end yarn composites. The tensile strength of 2D triaxially braided composites could be calculated by using braid parameters such as braid structure, yarn size, yarn spacing, and crimp.

SPLITTINGS FOR THE BRAID-PERMUTATION GROUP

Jeong, Chan-Seok,Song, Yong-Jin Korean Mathematical Society 2003 대한수학회지 Vol.40 No.2

The braid-permutation group is a group of welded braids which is the extension of Artin's braid groups by the symmetric groups. It is also described as a subgroup of the automorphism group of a free group. We also show that the plus-construction of the classifying space of the infinite braid-permutation group has the following two types of splittings BBP(equation omitted) B∑(equation omitted) $\times$ X, BBP(equation omitted) B $^{+}$$\times$ Y=S$^1$$\times$Y, where X, Y are some spaces.

ON BRAID-PLAT RELATIONS IN CONWAY FUNCTION

윤기헌 호남수학회 2011 호남수학학술지 Vol.33 No.3

There are two kinds of closing method for a given braid β ∈ B_(2n), a braid closure β and a plat closure β. In the article, we find a relation between the Conway potential function ∇_β of braid closure β and ∇_β of plat closure β.

ON BRAID-PLAT RELATIONS IN CONWAY FUNCTION

Yun, Ki-Heon The Honam Mathematical Society 2011 호남수학학술지 Vol.33 No.3

There are two kinds of closing method for a given braid ${\beta}{\in}B_{2n}$, a braid closure $\hat{\beta}$ and a plat closure $\bar{\beta}$. In the article, we find a relation between the Conway potential function ${\nabla}_{\hat{\beta}}$ of braid closure $\hat{\beta}$ and ${\nabla}_{\hat{\beta}}$ of plat closure $\bar{\beta}$.