체육측정평가학 : 고등학교 태권도 선수의 경기력 수준에 따른 신체구성의 특성

김원기(WonKiKim) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.6

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in body composition of high school Taekwondo athletes according to the performance level. In order to accomplish this purpose, subjects were 52 male(elite 26 and non-elite 26) and 44 female(elite 22 and non-elite 22) athletes. For research on body composition, the Bioelectric Impedance Analysis is used to measure percent body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, total body water, basal metabolic rate and protein mass. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test. The results of this study were as follow; First, there was a difference in body composition of male athletes according to the performance level; that is, percent body fat and fat mass was significantly lower(p<.05), and fat free mass, total body water and protein mass was significantly higher(p<.05) on elite athletes than non-elite athletes. Second, there was a difference in body composition of female athletes according to the performance level; that is, percent body fat was significantly lower(p<.05), and fat free mass, total body water and protein mass was significantly higher(p<.05) on elite athletes than non-elite athletes.

노인에서 신체 조성과 골밀도와의 관계

이길상(Gill Sang Yi),오미경(Mi Kyeong Oh),김하경(Haa Gyoung Kim),강주안(Joo An Kang),김진영(Jin-Young Kim) 대한임상노인의학회 2011 대한임상노인의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

연구배경: 일반적으로 체중이 증가 할수록 골밀도가 증가하고 골절을 예방하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 최근 반대의 의견을 제시하는 몇몇 연구가 발표되면서, 이는 체중을 구성하는 제지방과 체지방의 량에 따라 골밀도가 달라질 수 있음을 시사하게 되었다. 이에 본 연구는 노인에서 신체 조성과 골밀도의 관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 골밀도 검사를 시행한 60세 이상의 남성 121명과 여성 416명을 대상으로 골밀도와 체중, 제지방량, 체지방량 그리고 허리둘레와의 관계를 분석하였다. 그리고 신체를 상지, 하지, 몸통으로 구분하여 골밀도와 각 신체 부위의 근육량 및 지방량간의 관계도 분석하였다. 결과: 남성과 여성 모두 체질량지수가 높을수록 골밀도는 높았으며, 체중을 구성하는 성분 중 제지방량이 체지방량보다 골밀도와 높은 연관성이 있었다. 연령과 생활습관, 체중, 키를 보정한 후 남성의 골밀도는 제지방량, 체지방량과 상관관계가 없었으나, 허리둘레와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 여성의 경우는 제지방량을 비롯한 모든 근육량은 골밀도와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 특히 몸의 근육량보다 사지 근육량이 더욱 밀접한 연관성을 보였다. 허리둘레를 비롯한 모든 지방량은 골밀도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 노인에서 체성분 중 골밀도에 미치는 영향이 큰 것은 체지방량보다 제지방량이었으며, 노인 허리둘레가 클수록 낮은 골밀도를 보였다. 따라서 노인에서 골밀도를 증가시키기 위해서는 근육량을 증가시키고 바람직한 체형을 유지하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Traditionally, It is known that bone mineral density (BMD) increases as body weight increases. However, recent epidemiologic studies have described an opposite events. There are controversial issues as to whether lean mass or fat mass might to the most determinant of BMD. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between both lean body mass or fat mass and BMD in elderly. Methods: The design is a cross-sectional analysis. 121 male and 416 female elderly who were all over 60 years of age were had participated in Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for BMD and bioimpedance analysis for body composition. The relationships of BMD and body weight, waist circumference, body composition variables were analyzed. Results: In elderly, BMD was higher as body mass index, and lean body mass had more significant correlation with BMD than body fat. After adjusting for age, life style, weight and height, waist circumference was negatively related to BMD in man. In women, lean body mass and muscle mass were positively, waist circumference and fat mass were negatively related to BMD. Limb muscle mass was more correlated with BMD than trunk muscle mass. Conclusion: Lean body mass among body composition, seems to have a greater influence on BMD than fat mass in elderly. Waist circumference as a visceral fat index showed negative effect on bone mass. Therefore, it is considered necessary for the elderly to increase the muscle mass through exercises and to keep desirable body shape for the increasing BMD.

남녀 대학생의 고체지방과 고제지방 실태와 고BMI, 고WHR과의 관계

고성경(Ko, Seong-Kyeong),권영우(Kwon, Yeung-Woo) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

The purpose of this study was to find the state of high obesity and high lean body mass and to identify the relation of high BMI and high WHR with high percent body fat and hig lean body mass among male and female adolescents with collegiate. A total of 200 boys and 200 girls participated in this study. All subjects measured their body fat, BMI, WHR, and lean body mass(muscle mass and body fluid amount) and figured out the ratio of abnormally high(or low) fat%, BMI, WHR, lean body mass by bioimpedance electrical analysis. high body fat ratio of males and females was similar(28% and 29%, respectively), but the ratio of high weight and high BMI of female were 6%, 6%, respectively. Females data show that high weight and high BMI did not consist with high fat%. High lean body mass ratio such as muscle mass and body fluid were higher in males than females. In contrary lower lean body mass ratio was higher in females than males. In conclusion, muscle mass deficits in females were significantly greater than those in males. Women’s higher BMI was related to the lower lean body mass such as muscle mass and body fluid. these data suggest that in women, reduced muscle fat mass, not fat mass, is a risk factor for their health.

남자 대학운동선수의 신체조성과 유산소성 능력 및 무산소성 파워의 관계

진정권(Jin, Jung-Kwon),공성아(Kong, Sung-A),임승길(Lim, Seung-Kil) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body composition, aerobic ability, and anaerobic power in male college athletes. The subjects of this study were 113 male college athletes. Body composition was measured using bioimpedance analysis device. The aerobic capacity was measured the VO₂max(ml/kg/min) and VO₂ anaerobic threshold (AT, %) by the graded exercise test using a treadmill. Anaerobic power was measured using sargent jump. For data analysis, Pearson"s correlation analysis, simple and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to confirm the relationship and influence of body composition, aerobic ability, and anaerobic power. The significance level was set to α=.05. As a result of the correlation analysis, weight, body mass index(BMI), % body fat, body fat mass(kg), and lean body mass(kg) have a negative correlation with the VO₂max (r= -0.45~-0.65). The lean body mass(%) has a positive correlation with the VO₂max(r=0.53). There is a positive correlation(r=0.23, 0.25) between body weight and fat-free mass. Body weight, BMI, % body fat, body fat mass(kg), and lean body mass(kg) have a negative correlation with anaerobic power(r= -0.24~-0.58), and lean body mass has a positive correlation with anaerobic power(r=0.54). As a result of simple regression analysis, the increase of body weight, BMI, % body fat, body fat mass(kg), and lean mass(kg) was associated with a decrease in VO₂max. Increased of body weight and lean mass(kg) are associated with a decrease in VO₂AT. As a result of simple regression analysis, an increase of body weight, BMI, % body fat, body fat(kg), and lean body mass(kg) was associated with a decrease in VO₂AT. The increase of lean body mass(%) is associated with an increase in anaerobic power. As a result of multiple regression analysis, the explanatory power for the VO₂max of % body fat was 42.8%, and the explanatory power for the anaerobic power of body weight and lean mass was 34.8%. The explanatory power for the AT of lean mass(kg) was relatively low at 5%. The body composition of college athletes is related to aerobic ability and anaerobic power. College athletes are encouraged to manage their body composition to improve their performance, and rather than increase the muscle mass of the whole body, they should selectively develop muscles that are directly related to performance improvement and damage prevention in terms of functionality.

Hydroxycitrate, Carnitine 및 Capsaicin을 함유한 식이 보조제(3D-Relax Diet)의 체중 감량 효과

정은영,정경희,김미자,배윤정,장은재 동덕여자대학교 2004 생활과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3D-Relax Diet; a proprietary formation containing hydroxycitrate(233mg/g), carnitine(150mg/g); and capsaicin (150mg/g); on body weight, % body fat, fat mass, lean body mass, Resting Metabolic Rate(RMR), body circumference, skinfold thickness, serum glucose and lipid level. Nineteen female college students participated in this 4 weeks weight control program. All subjects were randomly assigned to the Sang sik(S) group or Sang sik & 3D-Relax(3D) group. Mean energy intake of 3D group was l,523.1±300.2 ㎉(carbohydrate: 66.3%, protein: 18.7%, fat: 15.0%) and S group consumed 1,464.8±142.1 ㎉(carbohydrate: 65.1%, protein: 19.0%, fat: 15.9%) during program. The 3D group lost 3.1±1.3 kg of body weight, 2.5±l.4 kg of fat mass, 0.6±1.2 kg of lean body mass and 16.8±183.3 ㎉/d of RMR and the S group lost 1.8±1.0 kg of body weight, 1.1±1.1 kg of fat mass, 0.8±0.3 kg of lean body mass and 19.1±181.9 ㎉/d of RMR. There was no significant differences in the loss of lean body mass and RMR between two groups, however, the total body weight and the fat mass were significantly decreased in the 3D group compared to the S group(p<0.05). The 3D group experienced a significant reduced hip size, total-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, however, the change of these between groups were not significantly different. There were no differences in the change of body circumference, skinfold thickness, serum glucose and lipid. These results suggest that the intake of 3D-Relax Diet(hydroxycitrate, carnitine, and capsaicin) during the weight control program decreased energy intake, fat intake and total body weight especially fat mass and those effects are presumably linked to the prevention of RMR decline and the inhibitory effects on lipogenesis.

Predictive factors of bone strength variation in adolescent girls according to body composition

Khwanchuea Rapheeporn 대한소아내분비학회 2024 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.29 No.2

Purpose: This study examined correlations among anthropometric parameters, body composition, bone parameters and predictive factors of bone mass in adolescent girls with different body fat percentages (%fat).Methods: A total of 129 females aged 15–18 years were categorized into 3 groups using %fat-for-age at the 50th and 95th percentiles as cutoff points (normal, over, and excess %fat groups). We recorded anthropometric data and measured the speed of sound at the tibia and radius using quantitative ultrasound. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure body composition and bone parameters, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and the BMD-z-score (z-score) in the lumbar spine (LS) and whole body (WB). These parameters were compared among the 3 groups using bivariate and multivariate correlation analyses.Results: There were strong correlations among all anthropometric parameters, body composition, and DXA in the over %fat group. Lean parameters strongly correlated with LS and WB in the normal %fat group, whereas both lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were positively correlated with BMC in the excess %fat group. The predictive factors of bone mass differed among the groups, as follows: lean body mass was predictive of BMD and BMC at both sites in the normal and over %fat groups; LM and body weight were predictive of LS-BMC and WB-bones, respectively, in the over %fat group; and FM was predictive of WB-bones in the excess %fat group. Body fat and waist circumference were negative predictors of bone mass.Conclusion: Predictive factors of bone strength appear to depend on the amount of body fat in adolescent girls.

폐경 전, 폐경 여성에 있어서 체 성분과 골밀도와의 연관성

정재은 ( Jae Eun Chung ),황성진 ( Sung Jin Hwang ),김민정 ( Min Jung Kim ),송재연 ( Jae Yen Song ),조현희 ( Hyun Hee Cho ),권동진 ( Dong Jin Kwon ),유영옥 ( Young Oak Lew ),임용택 ( Young Taik Lim ),김은중 ( Eun Jung Kim ),김장흡 대한폐경학회 2010 대한폐경학회지 Vol.16 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 폐경 전과 폐경 여성에서의 신체구성 (body composition) 중 체지방, 제지방 및 다른 인자와 요추골밀도 및 대퇴골 경부 (femoral neck), ward 삼각주, 대퇴골 전자부위 (trochanter), 대퇴골 전체 (total) 골밀도 (bone mineral density, BMD)의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 연구재료 및 방법: 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 서울 성모병원 건진 의학과 건진 센터에서 건강검진을 시행한 여성 394명을 대상으로 체 성분 및 지질, 공복혈당, 혈압, 골밀도 등을 측정하였다. 골밀도는 양 에너지 방사선 흡수계측 기 (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA)를 이용하여 요추 골밀도와 대퇴골 경부, ward 삼각주, 대퇴골 전자부위, 대퇴골 전체의 골밀도를 측정하고, bioimpedence 기계를 사용하여 체 성분을 분석하였다. 골밀도와 각 변수들과의 연관성은 통계적 분석 SPSS (for windows 13.0, SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, U.S.A.)을 이용하여, bivariable correlation analysis로 분석하였다. 교란변수 보정을 위해서는 부분상관분석 (partial correlation) 분석을 이용하였다. P값이 0.05 미만인 경우를 통계학적 의미가 있는 것으로 정의하였다. 결과: 대상 환자의 평균나이는 49.5±9.8세였고, 이중 51.5%인 203명이 폐경 전 여성, 48.5%인 191명이 폐경 여성이었다. 폐경전 여성에서 나이와 체중을 보정하고도 요추 골밀도 및 대퇴골 경부, ward 삼각주, 대퇴골 전자부위(trochanter), 대퇴골 전체 (total) 골밀도는 근육량, 제지방량, 부위별 근육량, 기초대사량과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 복부지방률, 체지방량, 허리둘레, 체지방률, 총 콜레스테롤 등이 음의 상관관계를 가졌다. 폐경 여성의 요추 골밀도와 대퇴골 경부 골밀도는 부위별 근육량 중 몸통과 하체 근육량, 근육량, 제지방량, 기초대사량 등과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 체지방량, 체지방률, 이완기 혈압에 대해 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 폐경 전, 폐경 여성에서 요추 및 대퇴골 특히 경부 골밀도는 체 성분 중 제지방량, 근육량, 부위별 근육량, 골격근육량과 양의 상관관계를 가지며, 체지방량, 체지방률, 허리둘레 등 중심비만과 연관 있는 인자들과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. Objectives: We analyzed the relationship between body composition, metabolic parameters, and lumbar and femur bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-and post-menopausal women. Methods: Of 394 females who participated in a medical check-up program, anthropometric measurements and fasting glucose levels and lipid profiles were measured. Body composition analysis was performed using the bioimpedence method and the BMD of the lumbar spine, femur neck, trochanter, ward`s triangle, and total were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The mean age was 49.5±9.8 years, and among the subjects, 203 (51.5%) were pre-menopausal and 191 (48.5%) were post-menopausal women. Skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, lean body mass, and basal metabolic rate had a positive correlation with the lumbar and femur spine BMD, even after adjustment for age and weight in pre-menopausal women. The abdominal fat ratio, fat mass, waist circumference, percent fat, and total cholesterol had a negative correlation with the lumbar and femur spine BMD, even after adjustment for age and weight in pre-menopausal women. The lean body mass in the legs and trunk, skeletal muscle mass, and fat free mass had a positive correlation with the BMD of the lumbar spine and femur neck, unlike the lean body mass of the arms did not, after adjustment for age and weight in post-menopausal women. Conclusion: In pre- and post-menopausal Korean women, body composition, lean body mass, fat -free mass, and skeletal muscle mass were positive correlates, and fat mass and percent fat were negative correlates with the lumbar spine and femur BMD. (J Korean Soc Menopause 2010;16:29-38)

한국성인의 제지방령지수와 체지방량지수의 분포

성순창 ( Soon Chang Sung ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2012 체육과학연구 Vol.23 No.4

체지방량지수와 제지방량지수는 신장이 다른 피검자의 신체구성 성분의 비교를 가능하게 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국성인의 제지방량지수와 체지방량지수의 참조값을 설정하고 20세와 94세 사이의 연령대별 백분위 분포곡선을 개발하는 것이다. 피검자 5777명(남: 2509명, 여: 3268명)의 체지방량과 제지방량은 이중에너지 X-선 흡수법(DEXA)을 사용하여 구하였다. 제지방량지수 및 지방량지수는 제지방량 및 체지방량을 각각 신장2으로 나누어 구하였다. 연령대별 및 성별 자료의 백분위 25∼75의 범위내로 정의한 정상 제지방량지수 및 지방량지수는 모든 연령대별에서 비슷하였다. 즉 제지방량지수는 남자가 16.8~19.3kg/m2, 여자가 14.9~16.1kg/m2이었다. 20대와 60대의 체지방률의 참조값은 각각 남자가 23.1~34.7%, 22.7~34.7%이었고, 여자는 23.9~33.4%, 23.5~35.2%였다. 결론적으로 백분위로 나타낸 자료는 성과 연령이 같은 건강한 성인의 신체구성 비교에서 참조로 사용할 수 있으며, 이 신체구성 변인들의 범위는 건강 전문가들이 한국인을 대상으로 노화, 영양결핍, 그리고 만성질환으로 발생하는 신체구성 변동을 평가할 때 이용할 수 있다. S. C. Sung, & H. S. Kim Fat-free mass index and fat mass index percentiles in Korean adults. Exercise Science. 00(0): 000-000, 2012. Body fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free msss index (FFMI) permit comparisons of subjects with different heights. The aims of this study were to establish reference values for FFMI and FMI in an Korean adult population, and to develop percentile distribution curves for age brakets between 20 and 93 years. Body fat and fat-free mass were determined in healthy men (n=2509) and women (n=3268) by DEXA. Normal FFMI and FMI were defined within the range of the 25th to 75th percentile of age-and gender-specific data. The reference range for the FFMI was similar in all age groups, i.e 16.8~19.3 kg/m2 in men and 14.9~6.1 kg/m2 in men and 14.9~6.1 kg/m2 in women. No difference with age in males and a modest increase in females were, observed. The reference values for percentage of body fat in the two age brackets 20~69 were, observed. The reference values for percentage of body fat in the two age bracket 20~29 and 60~69 were, respectively, 23.1~34.7%, 22.7~34.7% for men and 23.9~3.4%, 23.5%~35>2% for women. The median FMI was 5.1 kg/m2 in males and 6.8 kg/m2 in females. In both genders, from young to elderly age categories, FMI progressively increased with age. FFMI and FMI have advantage of expressing both aspects of body composition in common units. In conclusion, BMI alone cannot provide information about the respective contribution of fat-free mass or fat mass to body weight. These body composition ranges can be used by clinicians and nutritionsts as reference values for a Korean when evaluating body composition variations occurring in aging. malnutrition and chronic diseases.

수분 및 기질 섭취가 체수분량과 체지방율의 변화에 미치는 영향

임순영(Lim Soon-young),권영우(Kwon Young-Woo),김송준(Kim Song-Jun),이종삼(Lee Jong-Sam),전중기(Jun Joong-Ki) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of water and energy substrate intake on the volume of body fluid and percent body fat. Two experiments were carried out using young and healthy subjects. In the first experiment, 48 subjects consumed total volume of 1.2 L of water and body composition measurement was taken. In the second study, total 37 subjects were used, and randomly allocated to four experimental groups: control (CON, n=9), carbohydrate supplement (CHO, n=10), creatine supplement (Cre, n=9), and carbohydrate and creatine supplement (CHO+Cre, n=9). Carbohydrate was provided to intake 40 g for each time, 3 timesㆍd?¹ for 3 days, and creatine was given to consume 5 g for each time, 6 timesㆍd?¹ for 5 days. For subjects who were in CHO+Cre, carbohydrate was given for 3 days and creatine was given for 5 days. After consume 1.2 L of water, % body fat (%BF) and skeletal muscle mass increased by 3.3% (17.9±4.9% [pre] vs. 18.5±4.7% [post]) and 2.2% (26.7±6.6 ㎏ [pre] vs. 27.3±6.6 ㎏ [post]). With Consuming of energy substrate (either CHO or Cre), there was only significant increase in body mass (BM) in CHO + Cre. Interestingly this was induced by increased skeletal muscle mass rather than increased body fat mass. As far as body fat measurement is concerned, skin fold thickness was not affected by consuming energy substrate whereas %BF was shown significant increase when near infrared interactance measurement was adopted. Base on these results, following conclusions were drawn. Using bioimpedance analysis, water or fluid consumption would significantly ncrease in % body fat. Short term carbohydrate or creatine intake would not cause to increase in body mass and/or %BF. Short term creatine intake would not cause to increase in body mass and/or %BF. Intaking both carbohydrate and creatine simultaneously for short period of time may possibly cause to increase in total body mass, as well as skeletal muscle mass or %BF. Percent BF or total BF mass may differently evaluated by using different techniques, that needs to be examined far more researches.

국내 성인의 체지방지수 분석

권민희,한병덕,조성중,조진희 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Practice Vol.11 No.1

연구배경: 비만의 진단을 위해 WHO는 body mass index (BMI) 값을기준으로 삼는다. BMI는 lean body mass와 fat body mass를 구분하지못하므로 bioelectrical impedance analysis를 통해 percent body fat, fatfree mass, fat mass index (FMI) 등의 값을 이용하여 체지방율을 예측한다. 우리나라를 포함한 전 세계적으로 여러 연구를 통해 BMI에근거한 비만의 분류별 FMI 값의 cut-off value를 제시하고 있다. 이번연구를 통해 성별, 연령대별로 FMI 값의 cut off value 값의 분포를살펴보고, 임상적 의의에 대한 고찰을 하였다. 방법: 2018년 5월부터 2019년 5월까지 전국 7개 건강검진센터의 수진자를 대상으로 신체계측과 BIA를통한 체성분분석을 시행하였다. 수진자를 10년 단위로 나누어 20대부터 80대까지 연령별로 구별하여 FMI 값에 대한 분포도를 알아보고, 성별, 연령별로 BMI 기준값에 상응하는 FMI의 cut-off value를 도출하였다. 결과: FMI 분포는 남녀 모두 BMI 기준 정상에서 비만단계까지는평균 FMI 단순평균값의 차이가 거의 없었으며, 고도비만군에서는연령이 증가할수록 FMI 평균값이 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. BMI에상응하는 FMI cut–off value는 남자에 비해서 여자가 평균값 BMI18.5에 해당하는 값은 남:여(3.2:4.5)로 1.3 높게 측정되었고, BMI 25에 해당하는 값은 남:여(6.1:8)로 여자가 1.9 높게 측정되었다. 비만진단기준에 상응하는 FMI 값은 연령대 증가와 함께 상승하였다. 결론: 비만진단기준인 BMI 25에 해당하는 FMI cut off value가 연령별 차이가 있음을 확인하였으며, 남자보다 여자에서 그 차이가 더큼을 확인하였다. 연령별로 일률적인 기준값을 적용하는 데는 주의가 필요하며, 연령이 보정된 FMI 값의 적용이 필요하다. Background: Body mass index (BMI), a standard guideline used by the World Health Organization to diagnose obesity, has limited ability to differentiatebetween lean body mass and fat body mass. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used to value body adiposity to calculate percentbody fat, fat free mass, and fat mass index (FMI). Numerous studies have published a population-based cut-off value of FMI corresponding to BMI tobetter assess obesity. This study aimed to suggest an FMI cut-off value that is indicative of obesity and understand any limitations to its clinicalapplication. Methods: From Jan 2017 to Dec 2018, this multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 618,757 community-dwelling healthy Koreansaged 20 years or older. Body composition parameters were measured using BIA. FMI was calculated for each age group and obesity classificationgroup. Results: The mean reference values of the reference groups were as follows: FMI 6.1 for men and 8 for women for those with BMI >25 and FMI 3.2 formen and 4.5 for women for those with BMI <18.5. When subjects were divided by 10-year age groups, the FMI cut-off value for the diagnosis ofobesity varied and the value increased with aging. Conclusion: FMI reference values varied among age groups. FMI values for women were distributed in a wide range and had larger differences in thesame obesity group. It is essential to apply age-specific FMI reference values to patients to achieve optimum body composition analysis.