미생물 복합체 BM-S-1 처리에 따른 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생장 특성

김영선,강선철,이긍주 한국잔디학회 2023 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial consortium BM-S-1 (BMS) on the growth and turfgrass quality in creeping bentgrass ‘Penn A-1’ by investigating visual turfgrass quality, chlorophyll content, clipping yield, nutrient content and its uptake amount. Treatments were designed as follows; no-fertilizer (NF), control (3N g m-2 month-1), BMS- 1 (control + 1 g m-2 month-1), BMS-2 (control + 2 g m-2 month-1) and BMS-3 (control + 4 g m-2 month-1). In chemical properties of soil after treating BMS, the total nitrogen content of BMS- 2 and BMS-3 was decreased than that of control, and available phosphate increased. As compared with control, visual turfgrass quality, clipping yield, nutrient content and uptake amount of BMS-1 treatment were increased. BMS application amount was negatively correlated to turfgrass growth factors like clipping yield or the content of N, P and K in the plant tissue. These results indicated that the application of microbial consortium BM-S-1 improved turfgrass growth by prompting nitrogen uptake in the creeping bentgrass. 본 연구에서는 미생물 복합체인 BM-S-1 (BMS)의 처리 후 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육과 품질의 변화를 확인하기 위해 가시적 품질, 엽록소 함량, 예지물량, 양분 함량 및 흡수량을 조사하였다. 처리구는 무처리구(NF), 대조구(control; 3N g m-2 month-1), BMS-1 처리구(control+BMS 1 g m-2 month-1), BMS-2 처리구(control+BMS 2 g m-2 month-1), BMS-3 처리구(control+BMS 4 g m-2 month-1)로 구분하였다. 토양분석결과 대조구보다 BMS-2와 BMS-3처리구에서 전질소는 감소하였고, BMS-1, BMS-2 및 BMS-3처리구에서 유효인산은 증가하였다. 대조구와 비교 시 BMS-1 처리구는 가시적 품질, 잔디예지물량, 잔디 양분 함량 및 흡수량이 증가되었다. BMS의 처리량과 잔디 생육과의 상관관계에서 잔디 예지물량, 질소, 인 및 칼륨의 함량은 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다(p≤ 0.05). 상기 결과들을 종합할 때, BMS의 처리는 크리핑 벤트그래스의질소 흡수를 증대시켜 잔디의 생육을 촉진하는 것으로 확인되었다. BMS를 미생물 비료로 이용하기 위해서는 유효균주를 선정하고, 보정균수를 결정하는 것이 필요하였다.

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist: Contribution of Kidneys in the Overall In Vivo N-Demethylation

Chong, Sae-Ho,Obermeier, Mary,Humlherys, W.-Griffith The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.1

In vivo clearance of BMS-182874 was primarily due to metabolism via stepwise N-demethylation. Despite in vivo clearance approached ca 50% of the total liver plasma flow, BMS-182874 was completely bioavailable after oral administration in rats. Saturable first-pass metabolism and the role of extrahepatic tissue were evaluated as possible reasons for complete oral bioavailability despite extensive metabolic clearance. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after an intravenous and a range of oral doses of BMS-182874 in rats. Bile and urine were collected from bile-duct cannulated (BDC) rats and the in vivo metabolic pathways of BMS-182874 were evaluated. Pharmacokinetics of BMS-182874 were also compared in nephrectomized (renally impaired) vs. sham-operated control rats. Oral bioavailability of BMS-182874 averaged 100%, indicating that BMS-182874 was completely absorbed and the first-pass metabolism (liver or intestine) was negligible. The AUC and C/sub max/ values increased dose-proportionally, indicating kinetics were linear within the oral dose range of 13 to 290 mmole/kg. After intravenous administration of BMS-182874 to BDC rats, about 2% of intact BMS-182874 was recovered in excreta, indicating that BMS-182874 was cleared primarily via metabolism in vivo. The major metabolite circulating in plasma was the mono-N-desmethyl metabolite and the major metabolite recovered in excreta was the di-N-desmethyl metabolite. In vivo clearance of BMS-182874 was significantly reduced in nephrectomized rats. These observations suggest saturable first-pass metabolism is unlikely to be a mechanism for complete oral bioavailability of BMS-182874. Reduced clearance observed in the nephrectomized rats suggests that extrahepatic tissues (e.g., kidneys) may play an important role in the in vivo clearance of xenobiotics that are metabolized via N-demethylation.

셀프에너지 밸런싱을 고려한 리튬이온전지의 Battery Management System 구현

김지명(Ji-Myung Kim),이후동(Hu-Dong Lee),태동현(Dong-Hyun Tae),페레이라 마리토(Marito Ferreira),박지현(Ji-Hyun Park),노대석(Dae-Seok Rho) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.3

현재까지 총 29건의 전기저장장치의 화재가 발생되었는데, 이 중 22건이 신재생에너지 연계용이며, 완전충전 이후, 운전대기 상태인 휴지기간 동안에 계절과 무관하게 화재사고가 발생되었다. 이것은 병렬로 연결된 셀들의 SOC상태가 서로 다른 경우, 의도하지 않게 SOC가 높은 셀에서 낮은 셀로 전류가 이동하는 셀프에너지 밸런싱 현상으로, 일부 셀이 과충전되어 열폭주로 인한 화재의 원인으로 평가되고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 전기저장장치의 셀프에너지 밸런싱을 방지하는 새로운 BMS의 회로구성과 운용 알고리즘 그리고 SOC 평가알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘과 구현한 BMS를 바탕으로 리튬이온전지의 열화 특성과 열화 및 정상 셀 간의 셀프에너지 밸런싱 특성을 분석한 결과, 정상 셀 대비 열화 셀의 방전 용량 비율은 91.75[%]이며, 열화율이 8.25[%]임을 알 수 있었고, SOC가 높은 정상셀에서 SOC 낮은 열화 셀로 전류가 이동하는 셀프에너지 밸런싱 현상이 발생함을 확인하였다. 또한, 셀프에너지 밸런싱 전류가 과도하게 높아지는 경우, BMS가 확실하게 셀들의 병렬연결을 분리하여, 리튬이온전지의 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있어, 본 논문에서 제안한 BMS의 유용성을 확인하였다. Until now, 29 fire accidents have occurred; 22 of them were caused by the interconnection of renewable energy sources that occurred during the rest period after the lithium-ion battery had been fully charged regardless of the seasons. The fire accidents of ESS were attributed to thermal runaway due to the overcharging of a few cells with the phenomenon of self-energy balancing, which is unintentional current flow from cells with a high SOC to the low cells if the SOC condition of each cell connected in parallel is different. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel configuration and operation algorithm of the BMS to prevent the self-energy balancing of ESS and presents a hybrid SOC estimation algorithm. From the test results of the self-energy balancing phenomenon between aging and normal cells based on the proposed algorithm and BMS, it was confirmed the possibility of self-energy balancing, which is unintentional current flow from cells with a high SOC to cells with a low SOC. In addition, the proposed configuration of the BMS is useful and practical to improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries because the BMS can reliably disconnect a parallel connection of the cells if the self-energy balancing current becomes excessively high.

기초디자인 교육을 위한 BMS 조형원리 연구

윤우중(Woo-Joong Yoon) 한국산업기술융합학회(구. 산업기술교육훈련학회) 2024 산업기술연구논문지 (JITR) Vol.29 No.1

본 논문은 디자인 또는 미술 경험이 전무하거나 미흡한 학생들을 대상으로 기초디자인 교육의 효율성을 높이는 방법을 찾고자 계획되었다. 디자인에서 필수적인 조형원리의 적용 방안을 중점으로 다루었으며, 일반적인 비례, 대비, 균형, 조화, 강조, 통일, 변화 등의 광범위한 조형 개념들을 함축적으로 정리하여 학생들이 직관적으로 빠르고쉽게 조형원리를 이해할 수 있도록 하였다. 이를 BMS라 정의하고 생활 속 친숙한 소재들인 도구와 현상, 상황 등을조형원리의 표현 재료로 이용하였다. 일상적인 소재를 조형의 가치로 재구성한 사례를 소개하고 BMS 조형원리와의연관성에 대해 설명하였다. BMS 조형원리는 조형에 대한 접근을 사실적이고 구체적인 방법으로 제시하였고 시각적 (정량적), 개념적(정성적) 관점으로 구분하여 설명하였다. 또한 3단계로 구성된 프로세스의 각 항목들은 디자인과 BMS 조형원리의 관계를 효과적으로 습득할 수 있도록 하였다. 이것은 디자인 제작에 필요한 종합적인 사고의 중요 성을 이해하는 동시에 실질적인 레이아웃의 표현방법을 체계화하는 것으로써 디자인 결과물의 미적가치를 높여 디자인의 학습 효과를 얻을 수 있음을 설명하고자 하였다. This study proposes a method to enhance the efficiency of basic design education for students with little to no prior experience in design or fine arts. The proposed method focuses on applying essential formative design principles, referred to as formative BMS principles in this study. It provides concise information on a broad range of general design concepts such as proportion, contrast, balance, harmony, emphasis, unification, and change to support students in learning design principles intuitively, quickly, and easily. Moreover, tools, phenomena, situations, and so on that are commonly found in daily life are used as materials to implement design principles. Subsequently, cases of transforming daily materials into valuable design works are introduced to describe the relationship between these cases and formative BMS principles, which are explained from visual (quantitative) and conceptual (qualitative) perspectives in a way that facilitates a factual and specific approach to design. In addition, the proposed method comprises three processes that help students effectively learn about the relationship between design and formative BMS principles. This method enables students to recognize the significance of the comprehensive thinking required for design-based production, systematically develop practical layout expression techniques, and increase the aesthetic value of design outcomes, thereby amplifying design learning effects.

BMS-191095, a Cardioselective Mitochondrial $K_{ATP}$ Opener, Inhibits Human Platelet Aggregation by Opening Mitochondrial $K_{ATP}$ Channels

Cho Mi-Ra,Park Jung-Wook,Jung In-Sang,Yi Kyu-Yang,Yoo Sung-Eun,Chung Hun-Jong,Yun Yeo-Pyo,Kwon Suk-Hyung,Shin Hwa-Sup The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.1

We evaluated the antiplatelet effects of two classes of ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers $(K_{ATP}\;openers)$ on washed human platelets, and the study's emphasis was on the role of mitochondrial $K_{ATP}$ in platelet aggregation. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by lemakalim and SKP-450, which are potent cardio-nonselective $K_{ATP}$ openers, and also by cardioselective BMS-180448 and BMS-191095 $(IC_{50}\;:\;1,130,\;>\;1,500,\;305.3\;and\;63.9\;{\mu}M,\;respectively)$, but a significantly greater potency was noted for the cardioselective $K_{ATP}$ openers. The latter two $K_{ATP}$ openers also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, another important blood-borne platelet activator, with similar rank order of potency $(IC_{50}\;:\;498.0\;and\;104.8{\mu}M\; for\;BMS-180448\;and\;BMS-191095,\;respectively)$. The inhibitory effects of BMS-191095 on collagen-induced platelet aggregation were significantly blocked by a 30-min pretreatment of platelets with glyburide $(1{\mu}M)$ or sodium 5-hydroxyde­canoate$(5-HD,\;100{\mu}M)$, a nonselective and selective mitochondrial $K_{ATP}$ antagonist, respectively, at similar magnitudes; this indicates the role of mitochondrial $K_{ATP}$ in the antiplatelet activity of BMS-191095. However, glyburide and 5-HD had no effect when they were added to the platelet cuvette immediately prior to the addition of BMS-191095. These findings indicate that cardioselective mitochondrial $K_{ATP}$ openers like BMS-191095 are able to exert cardioprotective effects in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury via dual mechanisms directed at the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the protection of cardiomyocytes, and both these mechanisms are mediated by mitochondrial$K_{ATP}$.

BMS-191095, a Cardioselective Mitochondrial KATP Opener, Inhibits Human Platelet Aggregation by Opening Mitochondrial KATP Channels

조미라,박정우,정인상,이규양,유성은,정훈종,윤여표,권석형,신화섭 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.1

We evaluated the antiplatelet effects of two classes of ATP-sensitive potassium hannel openers (KATP openers) on washed human platelets, and the study's emphasis was on the role of mitochondrial KATP in platelet aggregation. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by lemakalim and SKP-450, which are potent cardio-nonselective KATP openers, and also by cardioselective BMS-180448 and BMS-191095 (IC50: 1,130, >1,500, 305.3 and 63.9 µM, respectively), but a significantly greater potency was noted for the cardioselective KATP openers. The latter two KATP openers also inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, another important blood-borne platelet activator, with similar rank order of potency (IC50: 498.0 and 104.8 µM for BMS-180448 and BMS-191095, respectively). The inhibitory effects of BMS-191095 on collagen-induced platelet aggregation were significantly blocked by a 30-min pretreatment of platelets with lyburide (1 µM) or sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 µM), a nonselective and selective mitochondrial KATP antagonist, respectively, at similar magnitudes; this indicates the role of mitochondrial KATP in the antiplatelet activity of BMS-191095. However, glyburide and 5-HD had no effect when they were added to the platelet cuvette immediately prior to the addition of BMS-191095. These findings indicate that cardioselective mitochondrial KATP openers like BMS-191095 are able to exert cardioprotective effects in cardiac schemia/reperfusion injury via dual mechanisms directed at the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the protection of cardiomyocytes, and both these mechanisms are mediated by mitochondrial KATP.

구강작열감증후군과 우울장애의 양방향 연관성 분석

조혜민,최혜미,조남표 대한구강악안면병리학회 2022 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.46 No.5

The purpose of this study was to determine the bidirectional association between burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and depression disorders. Methods: A total of 854 pairs of BMS and 58 999 pairs of depression disorders matched 1:1 for age and sex were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models, which were adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results: Bidirectional analysis found that BMS was associated with depression disorders (odds ratio=4.64, P < 0.001) and depression disorders was also significantly associated with BMS (odds ratio=2.97, P < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate a significant bidirectional association between BMS and depression disorders. The odds ratios suggest that BMS is a stronger predictor for incidence of depression disorders than depression disorders predicting incidence of BMS. Given this retrospective cohort design, the mechanisms underlying the association between BMS and depression disorders are not directly analyzed. Therefore, further investigation are needed to analyze the causality between BMS and depression disorders.

Effect of BMS-470539 on lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil activation

이승훈,Wan Ju,Tran Duc Tin,김정민,이정석,박천희,곽상현 대한마취통증의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.73 No.2

Background: BMS-470539, a recently introduced selective agonist of the melanocortin 1 receptor, is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of BMS-470539 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and delayed apoptosis with its signaling pathways in human neutrophils. Methods: Isolated human neutrophils were incubated with various concentrations of BMS-470539 (1, 10, and 100 μM) in the presence or absence of LPS (100 ng/ml), and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, were assessed. The effects of BMS-470539 on the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated human neutrophils, were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutrophil apoptosis was also measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (annexin V/propidium iodide) in LPS-stimulated neutrophils under treatment with BMS-470539. Results: BMS-470539 attenuated LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB. LPS stimulation reduced neutrophil apoptosis compared to the controls; however, BMS-470539 significantly inhibited the reduction of neutrophil apoptosis. Conclusions: BMS-470539 can suppress the inflammatory responses of LPS-stimulated neutrophils by inhibition of MAPK pathways or NF-κB pathway, and it can also inhibit LPS-delayed neutrophil apoptosis.

전기자동차 배터리팩 수명 개선을 위한 확장 칼만 필터 기반 원통형 리튬이온 멀티 셀의 SOC 추정

남은택(Euntaek Nam),정의현(Uihyeon Jeong),권용성(Youngsung Kwon) 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.10

전기자동차의 배터리 관리 시스템(BMS: Battery Management System)은 배터리의 안전 및 효율적 운용을 최적으로 관리하는 기능을 수행한다. 배터리의 충전상태(SOC: State of Charge)는 배터리 셀의 내부 상태와 수명에 관한 정보를 나타낼 수 있으므로, BMS의 배터리 운용에 있어 중요한 지표가 될 수 있다. 게다가, 배터리 셀 간에 발생하는 에너지 불균형을 해결하기 위해서는 배터리 SOC 정보가 필요하다. SOC 추정 관련 기존의 연구에서는 배터리 셀의 내부 파라미터 특성을 시뮬레이션을 통해 모델링하여 분석하거나, 혹은 단일 셀만을 이용하여 SOC 추정 연구가 진행됐다. 하지만, 기존의 연구 방법은 실제 수천 개의 셀로 이루어진 배터리 팩에서 발생하는 누설전류 및 에너지 불균형 등의 요인들이 관찰되지 않아 정확한 SOC를 추정하는 데 있어 한계가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 전기자동차 원통형 배터리의 SOC 추정 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 배터리팩 내부의 모듈을 멀티 셀로 모사하여 SOC를 추정하고 실제 BMS 환경에서 발생 가능한 문제 요인들을 제시한다. 멀티 셀 SOC 추정을 위해 셀 등가회로 모델링 및 단계별 파라미터 추출시험을 진행했으며 이를 바탕으로 확장 칼만 필터를 사용하여 SOC를 추정했다. 추정 결과, SOC의 초기 단계를 제외한 모든 구간에서 1 % 미만의 미세한 오차를 보였으며, 전체 구간의 평균 제곱근 오차는 0.2475 %로 높은 정확도를 보였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 멀티 셀 기반 SOC 추정방법은 실제 BMS 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 문제점들을 개선할 수 있는 하드웨어 설계와 정확한 SOC 추정 및 셀 간 에너지 밸런싱을 통한 배터리 수명 개선에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The battery management system (BMS) of an electric vehicle functions by optimizing the safety management and efficient operation of the battery. Because the SOC estimation of a battery can provide information on the internal state and lifespan of a battery cell, it is essential in BMS operation. Furthermore, battery SOC information is required to resolve the energy balance that occurs between cells. In previous studies related to SOC estimations, internal parameter characteristics of battery cells were modeled and analyzed through a simulation, or SOC estimations were conducted using only a single cell. On the other hand, existing methods have limitations in accurately estimating the SOC because factors present in a battery pack consisting of thousands of battery cells, such as leakage current and energy imbalance, are not observed. This paper proposes possible problem factors in an actual BMS environment by assuming modules inside a battery pack as a multi-cella to improve the SOC estimation accuracy of cylindrical battery cells for electric vehicles. The cell equivalent circuit modeling and step-by-step parameter extraction were performed. Based on this, the SOC was estimated using an extended Kalman filter. As a result of the estimation, all sections except the initial stage of SOC showed an error of less than 1 %, and an average of root mean square error in the entire section showed a high accuracy of 0.2475 %. The proposed method contributes to hardware design that can mitigate problems arising in actual BMS environments and provide accurate SOC estimations and energy balancing methods.

Development of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicle Applications of Ni/MH Battery

Jung Do Yang,Lee Baek Haeng,Kim Sun Wook The Korean Electrochemical Society 2001 한국전기화학회지 Vol.4 No.4

전기자동차의 성능은 축전지의 성능에 의해 크게 좌우된다. 그러므로 우수한 성능과 높은 신뢰성을 가진 전기자동차를 개발하기 위해서는 다양한 운영조건에서 축전지가 최대의 성능을 가질 수 있게 잘 관리되어야 한다. 축전지의 성능 향상은 축전지 관리 시스템(BMS)의 적용에 의해 달성될 수 있으며 BMS는 축전지의 상태 감시뿐만 아니라 축전지의 충전 및 방전을 최적화하는 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 이 연구에서는 전기자동차에 적용된 니켈 메탈하이드라이드 전지(Ni/MH battery) 이용을 최대화하기 위한 역할을 수행하는 BMS를 개발하였다 이 시스템은 축전지의 충전 및 방전 제어, 과충전 및 과방전 방지, 잔존용량 계산 및 표시, 안전관리 및 열관리 등의 기능을 가진다. 금번 개발된 BMS를 대우자동차와 고등기술원이 공동 개발한 DEV5-5전기자동차에 장착하여 시험을 수행하였다. 이 차량에는 파나소닉사의 12V-95Ah사양의 Ni/MH battery 18모듈이 적용되었다 시험결과 이 시스템은 $3\%$ 이내의 높은 정확성을 가지고 있으며 우수한 신뢰성을 나타내었다. 이 BMS는 전기자동차의 신뢰성과 안전도뿐만 아니라 Ni/MH battery pack의 성능과 수명을 향상시킬 것이다. Electric vehicle performance is very dependent on traction batteries. For developing the electric vehicles with high performance and good reliability, the traction batteries have to be managed to get maximum performance under various operating conditions. The enhancement of the battery performance can be accomplished by implementing battery management system (BMS) that plays important roles of optimizing the control mechanism of charge and discharge of the batteries as well as monitoring battery status. In this study the battery management system has been developed for maximizing the use of Ni/MH batteries in electric vehicle. This system provides several tasks: the control of charging and discharging, overcharge and over-discharge protection, the calculation and display of state of charge, safety and thermal management. The BMS was installed in and tested using the DEV5-5 electric vehicle developed by Daewoo Motor Co. and Institute for Advanced Engineering in Korea. The 18 modules of Panasonic Ni/MH battery, 12 V-95 Ah, were used in the DEV5-5. The high accuracy within the range of $3\%$ and the good reliability were shown in the test results. The BMS can also improve the performance and cycle life of Ni/MH battery pack as well as the reliability and safety of the electric vehicles (EV).