통증관련 단어에 대한 주의편향이 만성통증 환자의 일일 통증강도와 일상기능 관계에 미치는 영향: 일지연구

김혜지,정윤희,왕경석,조성근 한국건강심리학회 2020 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.25 No.5

Attentional bias is a selective attention to specific information in the environment and can be classified into two types: engagement and disengagement. It has been reported that these two types of attentional bias impact the development and maintenance of chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the type of attentional bias in patients with chronic pain has a differential impact on their daily function. We recruited 33 patients with chronic pain in the Oriental medical clinic. The subjects completed a questionnaire and then performed an engagement-disengagement task involving pain-related and neutral word pairs and eye tracker. They completed the online diary for 14 days from the day following the task. The data were analyzed by the HLM statistical program. The results of the analysis showed that when the subjects’ engagement with pain-related words was slow, the greater the intensity of pain, the greater the avoidance of daily activities. Also, when the subjects’ disengagement from pain-related words was rapid, the greater the intensity of pain, the greater the avoidance of daily activities. Additionally, when the subjects’ attentional maintenance in pain-related words was longer than in the neutral words, the greater the intensity of pain, the greater the distractibility of daily activities. This study revealed that the type of attentional bias in chronic pain patients has different impacts on their daily function. These findings suggest that patients with chronic pain who slowly engage with or quickly disengage from pain-related words may have difficulties in different areas of their daily function. 통증이 있는 경우, 위협이 되는 자극에 주의를 과도하게 지속하거나 회피하는 것은 통증을 만성화시키는 데 취약성 요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 이 연구는 주의편향 유형이 만성통증 환자의 일일 통증강도와 일상기능의 관계를 차별적으로 조절하는지에 대해 알아보고자 했다. 이에 대전 소재 한의원에서 만성통증 환자 41명을 모집했다. 연구 참여자는 설문지 작성 후, 아이트래커(eye-tracker)를 통해 주의개입-주의이탈 과제를 수행했고, 이후 14일 동안 매일 통증일지를 작성했다. 수집된 데이터를 HLM(Hierarchical Linear Modeling) 통계 프로그램으로 다층분석한 결과, 일일 통증강도와 일일 활동회피, 일일 집중곤란 간 주의편향의 조절효과가 유의했다. 구체적으로, 지속 주의과정에서 통증관련 단어를 느리게 응시하거나 빠르게 이탈할 때, 일일 통증강도가 높을수록 일상에서 활동을 더 많이 회피했다. 또한 통증관련 단어를 중립단어보다 오래 응시할 때, 일일 통증강도가 높을수록 일상에서 집중을 더 어려워했다. 반면, 초기 주의과정에서는 주의편향이 일일 통증강도와 일일 활동회피, 일일 집중곤란 간의 관계를 조절하지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 만성통증 환자의 주의편향과 일일 통증강도, 그리고 일상기능 간의 관계를 보여주며, 만성통증의 예방 및 관리 개입에 대한 방향성을 시사한다.

ERP investigation of attentional disengagement from suicide-relevant information in patients with major depressive disorder

Baik, Seung Yeon,Jeong, Minkyung,Kim, Hyang Sook,Lee, Seung-Hwan Elsevier 2018 Journal of affective disorders Vol.225 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Previous studies suggest the presence of attentional bias towards suicide-relevant information in suicidal individuals. However, the findings are limited by their reliance on behavioral measures. This study investigates the role of difficulty in disengaging attention from suicide-relevant stimuli using the P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Forty-four adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were administered the spatial cueing task using suicide-relevant and negatively-valenced words as cue stimuli. Disengagement difficulty was measured using reaction time and P300 during invalid trials.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>P300 amplitudes at Pz were higher in suicide-relevant compared to negatively-valenced word condition on invalid trials for participants with low rates of suicidal behavior. However, no such difference was found among participants with high rates of suicidal behavior. P300 amplitudes for suicide-relevant word condition were negatively correlated with “lifetime suicide ideation and attempt” at Pz. No significant results were found for the reaction time data, indicating that the ERP may be more sensitive in capturing the attentional disengagement effect.</P> <P><B>Limitations</B></P> <P>The groups were divided according to Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) total score. Neutral stimulus was not included as cue stimuli. Most participants were under medication during the experiment.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Our results indicate that patients with MDD and low rates of suicidal behavior show difficulty in disengaging attention from suicide-relevant stimuli. We suggest that suicide-specific disengagement difficulties may be related to recentness of suicide attempt and that acquired capability for suicide may contribute to reduced disengagement difficulties.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Reaction time and P300 amplitudes are higher for invalid trials than valid trials. </LI> <LI> Suicide-related attentional bias is associated with disengagement difficulties. </LI> <LI> Suicidal patients show reduced difficulty disengaging attention from suicidal words. </LI> <LI> Greater lifetime suicidal behavior is related to less disengagement difficulties. </LI> </UL> </P>

사회불안장애의 주의개입, 탈개입 및 회피과정: 자극 위협가의 차별적 효과

구훈정,권정혜 한국임상심리학회 2015 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.34 No.3

The present study was designed to elucidate attentional bias in social anxiety using a spatial cueing task and to examine whether attentional biases are differentiated by threat level. The participants were recruited from a larger sample of about 1500 undergraduates completing the Social Phobia Scale and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Those who had scores above the moderate level of social anxiety on these scales and agreed to participate were assigned to the social anxiety group and those with scores under the mean to the normal control group. Social anxiety group was divided into clinical social anxiety disorder group and subclinical social anxiety disorder group using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Participants were informed that they would make a speech to a live video camera in which they would be evaluated for their performance. Next, they completed the spatial cueing task which assessed the speed of engagement and disengagement from pictorial cues depicting high-threat, low-threat, or neutral content with three exposure durations (80msec, 300msec, and 500msec). Firstly, clinical social anxiety disorder group did not show initial vigilance toward high-threat pictures at 80msec exposure time, but showed difficulty in disengagement at 300msec, which was followed by avoidance for high-threat pictures at 500msec. Secondly, subclinical social anxiety disorder group did not show any attentional bias both high-threat pictures. Thirdly, the effect of low-threat on disengagement delay and avoidance was different between clinical social anxiety disorder group and subclinical social anxiety disorder group: clinical social anxiety disorder group showed disengagement delay at 300msec and avoidance at 500msec which was same with attentional bias pattern with high-threat pictures due to negative interpretation bias effect for low-threat stimuli, but subclinical social anxiety disorder group showed enhanced disengagement delay 500msec instead of attentional avoidance at 500msec due to threat negation. Implication and future research direction was discussed.

Attentional Functions and Dysfunctions in ADHD

김소연 한국인지및생물심리학회 2014 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.26 No.2

Attention is considered to be one of the key elements in human cognition. As its name implies, attentional functions are known to be impaired in individuals with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). However, various studies have investigated different types of attentional deficits among patients with ADHD. The purpose of this review is to take a comprehensive look at evidence on different types of attentional dysfunctions in ADHD. Three different domains of attention are of interest in this review: response inhibition, attentional control, and attentional orienting systems. A number of studies demonstrate that response inhibition and attentional control are major attentional deficits in ADHD. Disengagement and attentional reorienting systems also seem to be impaired. In this review, behavior, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings are discussed to understand fundamental attentional deficits in ADHD. Future direction for studies aiming to elucidate and treat attentional deficits in ADHD is also discussed.

비자살적 자해 집단의 정서 자극에 대한 주의 참여 편향과 주의 이탈 편향

이소정,정수근,유성은 한국인지행동치료학회 2023 인지행동치료 Vol.23 No.4

Attentional control to stimuli is essential for emotional regulation. This study aimed to examine attentional engagement and disengagement biases to emotional stimuli among individuals with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Community adults with a lifetime history of NSSI and those with no history were recruited. Participants performed an attention assessment task to measure attentional engagement and disengagement bias. The results indicated that the NSSI group exhibited attentional engagement bias towards positive emotional stimuli compared to the control group. However, the NSSI group did not show attentional engagement bias towards negative emotional stimuli, and there was also no observable attentional disengagement bias for both positive and negative emotional stimuli. The results of this study suggest that individuals in the NSSI group may not direct their attention towards negative emotional stimuli but rather lack the ability to focus on and process positive emotional stimuli, indicating a deficit in acquiring and processing positive information.

Hemispheric Specialization and Disengaging Attention from Affective Stimuli: Evidence for Valence-Dependent Lateralization in Emotion Regulation

( Azizuddin Khan ),( Danielle M. Pereira ) 한국감성과학회 2015 추계학술대회 Vol.2015 No.-

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of laterality and valence on the ability to disengage attention from affective stimuli. 30 right-handed postgraduate students participated in the study. A tachistoscopic method was used, in a 2x2 within-groups factorial design, with laterality of presentation (right versus left visual field) and stimuli valence (positive versus negative) as independent variables. Time taken to disengage attention from affective word primes in milliseconds was measured as the dependent variable. Results showed that there was no main effect of either laterality or valence. However, a significant interaction effect (F(1, 29) = 4.43, p = 0.04, partial eta-squared = 0.13) was found indicating that the mean reaction time for disengagement of attention was shorter for negative stimuli presented to the right hemisphere, and for positive stimuli presented to the left hemisphere. This suggests that there is valence-dependent lateralization in the inhibition of affective information. The findings of this study have interesting implications for research on cognitive processes in emotion regulation. It is particularly relevant for research on emotion regulation especially in depression, given that depression is characterized by impaired disengagement from negative stimuli.

정서 자극에 대한 주의 몰입 및 철회와 우울의 관계: 인지적 정서조절전략의 매개효과

나세영,양재원 한국재활심리학회 2023 재활심리연구 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 정서 자극에 대한 주의 편향이 인지적 정서조절전략을 매개로 우울에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 대학(원)생 94명을 대상으로 주의 판단 과제 및 우울과 인지적 정서조절전략을 측정하는 자기보고식 검사를 실시하였다. 주의 편향을 확인하기 위해 사용된 주의 판단 과제는 정서 자극에 대한 주의가 이동하는 것을 측정하는 것으로, 과제 지시에 따라 주의 몰입과 주의 철회로 구분되었다. 각각을 측정하기 위해 주의가 정서 자극으로 이동하는데 걸리는 반응시간과 주의가 정서 자극에서 벗어나는데 걸리는 반응시간을 측정하였다. SPSS Process Macro 4를 이용하여 주의 편향과 우울의 관계에서 인지적 정서조절전략의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 긍정 정서에 대한 주의 몰입은 적응적 정서조절전략과 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 보였으며, 우울과 유의미한 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 또한, 긍정 정서에 대한 주의 몰입이 적응적 정서조절전략을 경유하여 우울에 이르는 경로에서 간접효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 우울한 사람들에게 긍정 정서에 대한 주의 몰입을 더욱 훈련하고, 적응적 정서조절전략을 사용하도록 한다면, 우울이 낮아질 수 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of attentional bias to emotional stimuli on depression through mediation of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. A total of 94 college students participated in the attentional assessment task, and completed self-report scales on depression and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Process Macro 4. The results of the study were as follows: First, positive engagement is significantly positively correlated with adaptive emotion regulation strategies and significantly negatively correlated with depression. Second. The indirect effect of attending to positive emotions on the pathway from depression via adaptive emotion regulation strategies was negatively significant. Therefore, we suggest that further training depressed individuals in engaging to positive emotions and using adaptive emotion regulation strategies may reduce depression.

우울장애에서의 주의편향

송하림,정수연,임송희,이종선,오강섭,전상원,이정애 한국인지행동치료학회 2023 인지행동치료 Vol.23 No.4

우울장애에서 부정적 자극으로부터의 탈개입의 어려움은 정서조절의 방해요인으로 작용하는 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 주의편향에 있어 우울장애를 진단받은 임상집단과 통제집단 간의 차이를 비교하고 탈개입 편향이 회복탄력성과 우울 간의 관계를 매개하는지 검증하였다. 우울장애를 진단받은 집단(N=24)과 통제집단(N=21)을 모집하였고 자기보고식 설문지와 주의편향을 측정하는 컴퓨터 과제인 공간단서 과제를 실시하였다. 공간단서 과제의 자극은 250ms와 1250ms로 제시되었으며, 개입편향 및 탈개입편향 점수를 산출하였다. 그 결과, 우울집단과 통제집단은 우울, 회복탄력성 및 250ms 조건에서의 탈개입편향에서 유의한 집단 간 차이를 보였다. 250ms 조건에서의 탈개입편향은 회복탄력성과 우울 사이의 관계를 매개 역할을 하였다. 그러나 1250ms 조건에서의 탈개입편향은 집단 간 차이 검증 및 매개효과 검증에서 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 우울장애를 지닌 성인들을 대상으로 회복탄력성, 우울 및 주의편향 간의 관계를 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구는 부정적 정보에 대한 탈개입 편향을 수정하고 회복탄력성을 증진시키는 것이 우울 증상의 완화에 효과가 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

Different mechanism of visual attention in anxious and non-anxious population

Moon-gee Choi(최문기),Min-mo Koo(구민모),Kun-Woo Park(박건우),Kichun Nam(남기춘) 한국인지과학회 2009 인지과학 Vol.20 No.1