채광에 따른 아트리움 볼륨 디자인에 관한 연구

이소진,한태권 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.1

(Background and Purpose) Public interest in functional and eco-friendly architecture is rapidly increasing, and accordingly, the introduction of an atrium in the sustainable aspect of architecture for various purposes is gaining popularity. An atrium plays an important role in the space in an environment-friendly way, bringing in natural light, serving as a buffer between indoor and outdoor spaces, and helping with natural ventilation. Based on these sustainable functions, the atrium provides comfort to indoor spaces and plays an active and controllable role for external natural elements. However, if in the initial stages of volume design, the size of the atrium is disarranged, it could give rise to a number of problems such as extreme overheating in summer, increased cooling load, and condensation. However, in order to address these issues, if steps are taken to control the inflow of light and solar energy by installing shades or blinds, it does not realize the benefits of the atrium, while the cost of installing additional devices increases. Studies on atrium volume design are relatively incomplete. The purpose of this study is to develop design guidelines as basic research data on ways to improve the cooling load and lighting energy efficiency so as to increase the beneficial effects of the atrium by bringing in proper lighting through the adjustment of atrium volumes. (Method) Taking into consideration previous studies, this study focuses on understanding the atrium, definition of the terms, analysis of functional characteristics, and performance evaluation indicators, and through the Ecotect program, the performance simulation of light collection is conducted and the guidelines are proposed. (Results) It is desirable to plan for the readjustment of the atrium in order for it to become efficient and to bring in as much light into the room as possible, while the long-range atrium on the inter-Korean axis has little effect on light inflow if it is less than 1:6, and the long-sided atrium should have a ratio of more than 6 meters. If the opening area is 1-36 m2, the 6-meter-high atrium, which reduces the average value of DF to the lowest, is the most efficient plan. If the height of the long atrium is lower on the east and west axes, light inflow is reduced by an average of about 3 percent. Lower height and a longer atrium are favorable for proper light inflow. A long atrium form helps in easier light inflow than the north and south axes, while a higher atrium on the north and west axes does not affect the light inflow. (Conclusions) Through simulation results of this study, the guidelines for the early planning phase of the atrium volume design are presented, thus providing basic data for guidance. (연구배경 및 목적) 기능적이면서 친환경적인 건축에 대한 대중들의 관심이 급격히 증가되고 이에 따라 다양한 용도의 건축에서 친환경적인 측면에서 아트리움의 도입이 증가하고 있다. 아트리움은 자연광을 유입시키고 외부와의 완충 공간 역할을 하며, 자연환기를 돕는 역할을 하는 등 친환경적으로 공간에 중요한 역할을 한다. 뿐만 아니라 이러한 친환경적 기능을 바탕으로 아트리움은 실내공간에 쾌적성을 제공하고, 외부 자연요소를 능동적으로 제어 가능한 역할을 하는 등 그 활용가치가 높다. 그러나 계획 초기 볼륨 디자인 단계에서 아트리움의 규모를 잘못 계획한다면 오히려 여름철의 극심한 과열 현상이나 냉방부하의 증가, 결로 현상 등의 여러 가지 문제점이 발생 될 수 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해서 계획 후에 차양이나 블라인드를 설치하여 채광과 일사의 유입을 조절하다 보니 아트리움의 장점을 살리지 못하고, 추가 장치 설치로 인한 비용 부담이 커지게 된다는 한계점이 있으며, 계획 단계에 채광을 고려한 아트리움 볼륨 디자인에 관한 연구는 상대적으로 미진한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 아트리움 볼륨의 조절을 통해서 적절한 채광을 유입시키면서 아트리움의 장점을 상승시킬 수 있도록 조절하여 냉방부하, 조명 에너지의 증가 등의 문제점을 개선할 수 있는 방안에 대한 아트리움 볼륨 기초 연구 자료로서 디자인 가이드라인을 마련하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 연구의 진행 방법은 선행연구 고찰을 바탕으로 아트리움에 대한 이해와 용어의 정의 및, 기능적 특성에 대한 분석과 성능 평가 지표를 참고하였으며 Ecotect 프로그램을 통하여 채광의 성능 시뮬레이션을 진행하여 이를 통해 가이드라인을 제시함으로써 기초적인 연구 자료를 제안한다. (결과) 정비례 아트리움을 효율적이며 최대한 채광을 실내로 유입시키기 위해서는 면적이 225㎡ 이하로 계획하는 것이 바람직하하며, 남북축의 장방형 아트리움은 1:6 이하의 경우 채광유입에 거의 영향을 미치지 않음으로 장변의 비례가 6m이상은 지양해야 한다. 개구부의 면적이 1~36㎡일 경우 아트리움 높이를 계획하기 위해서 DF의 평균값이 가장 적게 감소하는 6m 높이의 아트리움이 가장 효율적인 계획이다. 동서축으로 긴 아트리움의 높이가 길수록 평균 약 3%정도 채광이 감소되므로 높이가 낮을수록 채광 유입에 유리하며, 장변의 비례가 5m 이하의 아트리움에서는 동서축이 긴 형태가 남북축보다 채광 유입에 더 용이하며 남북축으로 긴 아트리움의 높이는 아트리움의 채광유입에 대해 영향을 미치지 않는다. (결론) 본 연구의 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 아트리움 볼륨디자인 초기 계획 단계의 가이드라인을 제시함으로 지침이 될 수 있는 기초적인 자료를 제시한다.

해외 어린이병원 외래진료부의 실내 아트리움에 적용된 치유적 계획특성 분석

서재연,조민정 대한건축학회 2019 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.35 No.9

This study aims at analyzing the therapeutic design characteristics implemented in the indoor atriums of the outpatient areas in four children’shospitals in London and San Francisco. A mixed-method approach was used to examine the spatial configurations and design elements in theatriums, while a literature review was conducted to understand the therapeutic design characteristics relevant to atrium spaces and children’shealthcare facilities. The spatial design and the pattern of use of the atrium in each hospital were studied during field visits and interviewswith the hospital management staff. Based on the literature review and the observations from the field study, a Visibility Graphic Analysiswas chosen to examine the visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility of the spatial configurations in the atriums of each hospital. In addition,the openness, restfulness, and vibrant ambience of the design elements in the atriums of each hospital were investigated by surveyingfifty-two design professionals on the quality of the design elements in the atriums. A spatial configuration analysis, confirmed that all theatrium spaces had high visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility due to their high connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and because theatriums were laid out in the open lobby space, along the major circulation axis, or in the circulation intersection. In the survey of the designelement evaluation, all atriums proved to be appropriate in terms of openness, while the adequacy of restfulness and vibrant ambiencediffered depending on the hospitals. Notably, location and orientation, access, natural light, outdoor view, and play facilities were foundsignificant environmental design elements determining the successful implementation of the therapeutic design in the atriums. The observationsfrom the aforementioned are further discussed to enhance the therapeutic design quality of atrium spaces in children’s hospitals. 본 연구는 해외 어린이병원 외래진료부의 실내 아트리움 공간을 중심으로 치유환경 계획특성을 조사, 분석하여 치유적 공간으로서 아트리움의 의의와 시사점을 조명하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 실내 아트리움의 공간구조와 계획요소에 집중하여 공간구문론과 설문조사에 의한 분석방법을 적용하였다. 먼저, 아트리움 공간과 어린이병원의 치유공간계획에 관한 문헌자료를 검토하고, 네 개의 해외 어린이병원 외래진료부를 방문하여 시설 답사 및 병원 관리자 면담을 실시하여 외래진료부와 아트리움의 공간계획 현황을 확인하였다. 문헌연구와 현장답사를 기반으로 가시적 그래프 분석(VGA)을 통해 각 병원 아트리움 공간구조의 가시성, 접근성, 명료성을 검토하였다. 또한 52명의 건축실무 전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 아트리움의 계획요소를 개방감, 휴게성, 활동성으로 구분하고, 아트리움에 적용된 계획요소를 치유환경 관점에서 평가하였다. 공간구조 분석에서는 실내 아트리움이 로비, 주요 동선 경로, 또는 결절점에 위치하여 높은 연결도, 통합도, 명료도를 나타냈으며, 이는 아트리움의 가시성, 접근성, 명료성의 증진으로 이어짐을 확인하였다. 설문조사 분석에서는 개방감 측면에서 모든 아트리움이 치유적으로 적절한 것으로 나타났으며, 휴게성과 활동성은 병원에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 특히 위치와 향, 접근, 자연채광, 외부 조망, 놀이시설은 아트리움의 성공적인 치유환경 조성을 위해 의미있는 세부 계획요소로서 확인되었다. 연구결과를 토대로 향후 어린이병원 이용자를 위한 아트리움 공간의 치유적 환경계획의 질 확보와 후속 연구 보완 사항을 논하였다.

국내 복합상업시설 아트리움의 공간특성 연구

윤광노 ( Kwangno Yoon ),안성모 ( Seongmo Ahn ) 한국공간디자인학회 2015 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.10 No.3

(Background and Purpose)Commercial spaces are gradually transforming into urban entertainment centers (U.E.C.s), supporting not only simple consumption activities such as shopping or dining but also consumers’cultural desires and leisure activities. In a capitalistic society, economic development and purchasing power bring increased free time. People can improve their quality of life because their lifestyles are highly diversified. People come to new commercial facilities for a cultural exchange. They are not only purchasing a product but also enjoying life in the same place-hence, the development of a multipurpose commercial building. Commercial facilities have a new place in a city that has multiple functions such as complexation, diversification, and an acceleration strategy. With this background, an atrium is a very important design element in a multipurpose commercial building. An atrium is a center in the internal space, connecting one area to another. An atrium creates a dynamic and stimulating interior that provides shelter from the external environment. People can participate in cultural activities including performances, leisure, assemblies, and marketing in an atrium. (Method)The objective was to identify six core values of the differentiated design direction of atriums in U.E.C.s by analyzing spatial characteristics, design quality, and spatial strategy. This research grew from a theoretical study to understand the definition, concept, types, and basic functions of atriums in U.E.C.s, and six pivotal keywords were pinpointed: publicity, symbolism, placeness, connectivity, playfulness, and amenity. Using these concepts, the design of representative domestic U.E.C.s was evaluated. (Results)The research revealed that most atriums are well-planned; they offer various internal environmental factors and are an amenity for events, exhibitions, performances, and marketing of content that take advantage of a seamless connection to the external environment. Additionally, an atrium improves sales, extending consumers’ length of stay by supporting public cultural consumption. (Conclusions)In a multipurpose commercial building, an atrium has two functions: it can be a commercial place and also a public place. In the incipient planning stage, people should consider an atrium-centered design as a pleasant and comfortable place. They also should consider the atrium’s functions. U.E.C. atrium planning should consider utilizing the various functions of time and place, providing cultural requirements to stimulate consumers’ emotions and thus extend the interaction between consumers, between consumers and space, and between spaces themselves.

현대 아트리움에 나타나는 ‘공공성’에 관한 연구

김나현(Kim, Na-Hyun),정혜진(Jung, Hye-Jin) 대한건축학회 2018 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.38 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of "Atrium" as an architectural form of "Publicity". In this study, the "Atrium" is an inner daylight transition area connecting the outside and the inside, and it should be able to enter directly from the outside, and organize the building. And "the Architectural Publicity" means "open to all, and available for everyone". So, "Public Space" is "an open space for everyone". There are some physical elements to realize "the Architectural Publicity": Accessibility, Openness, Connectivity, Transparency. As a result of analyzing cases by those elements, all of the atrium has a physical, visual connection with the city. But physical & visual aspects differed according to the program. Finally, the Contemporary Atrium is a "semi-public" space where not all activities are allowed.

상업시설 公共性향상을 위한 옥상공간 아트리움의 계획 요소 硏究

양은경,최준성,오덕성 대한건축학회지회연합회 2007 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

A modern city has been changed by the industrialization and the economical use of a land. So the publicness is not exist anymore in the city, specially in the commercial building. The purpose of this study is to improve the publicness of commercial building by design of rooftop atrium. Atrium raises the amenity for the building users. So, it improves the image of the city and commercial.

事務所建築에 있어서 아트리움 空間의 特性에 관한 硏究

조성기,권영민 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.57 No.-

'아트리움 공간'은 시각적 개방감 및 도시공공적 공간 제공, 내부공간의 에너지 절약 등 다양한 기능과 장점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 도시 구조의 주된 틀을 이루는 사무소 건축을 대상으로 아트리움의 기능과 공간적 특성을 토대로 국내·외 사례들의 아트리움 형태 및 공간분석을 통하여 '공공 공간'으로서 보다 적극적인 아트리움 공간 도입을 위한 자료를 제공하는데 그 연구 목적을 두고 있다. 'The Atrium-space' have the various functions and merits which have the saving of energy in inner space, and which provide the public space of urban and visual openings. This study aims at providing the data for the active application of atrium spaces as for the public spaces, and by means of analysis of the form and space of atrium in examples of home and aboard, which is based on functions, spatial characteristics of atria in office building which is main framed of urban structure.

아트리움의 비정형적 변형에 따른 채광성능 평가에 관한 연구

김정민(Kim, Jung-Min),김동현(Kim, Dong-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2014 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.30 No.1

The aim of this research was to examine the correlation between the performance of daylight and geometry of FREEFORM atrium. In consideration of the solar environments that have the greatest effect on the atrium, categorized and classified types of transformations were introduced. Atrium classification defined by vertical axis, plan scale and rotation is used to determine the transformation and the type. Several atrium cases, characterized by a different form or shape, were analysed by simplified methodology to predict DF(daylight factor), direct sunlight area and Uniformity Ratio on the atrium floor, through computer simulation by Ecotect and Radiance. Simulation programmes were used to simulate square, four-sided, top-lit atria under overcast and clear sky conditions. This study has investigated the effect on daylight performance of the geometric characteristics of atrium such as PAR, distance, translation vector, types of curve, height and angle. From the results, the design guidelines are proposed as follows. All types show a decrease of light influx and increase of UR as the atrium height increases. The height of atruim, therefore, should be considered first regardless of form class or the variables of atrium. Performance shows a big difference according to the light direction if certain transformation is made along a direction. It is maximized when the transformation aligns to the direction of light and converges to the rectangular shape with low PAR. There is a decrease in performance under the environment of lights from all directions like Overcast sky.

아트리움형 초고층 건물의 친환경 계획 요소에 관한 연구

조성익(Cho, Sungik) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2011 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.5 No.3

The purpose of this study is to research the sustainable design approaches for the tall buildings, focusing on the buildings with a vertical atrium. It shows how the vertical atrium achieves the energy-saving qualities in the tall buildings, which should be considered in the early stage of design process. With a few building examples, this study mainly examines Sangam Landmark Tower which was designed for Sangam district in Seoul to find out the key design components of the sustainability potentials in the vertical atrium. The 80-story high atrium in the center of the Sangam Landmark Tower helps draw the natural light into the deep interior space of the tower. Also, it facilitates the natural ventilation forming a buffer area between the outside and inside spaces to improve the living environment. This area could be used as an "natural air filter" if proper vegetations are selected and planted. Wind-power generation is also considered using the vertical atrium. For that, the Sangam Landmark Tower introduces the "eco chimney" concept. The exhausted air from the room climbs up through the atrium by the stack effect and it drives the six turbines on the top of the atrium. Since the demands for the tall tower have increased locally and globally, the recent trend to build the tall tower has been focused on the energy-saving quality of the building. The more studies and architectural concepts are needed to achieve the quality to find the underlying chances in the verticality of the building, specially in the early stage of the design process.

실내광장형 아트리움의 이용도 증대를 위한 계획 조건

이지영,정진주,임재한 대한건축학회지회연합회 2008 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.10 No.1

T h is study is to formulate the planning conditions to increase users as a basic step of study to provide maintenance method for inner-plaza atriums to contribute to a creation of urban public space. The use of atrium architecture was classified to 9 uses as cultural facility (citizen utilization facility), office building etc. Atrium patterns expected to work as urban public space were derived by understanding spatial character and function expected of atrium through document survey and manager questionnaire survey. The survey of user's number was carried out in those atriums, and planning conditions to increase users in inner-plaza atriums were then identified quantitatively through multiple regression analysis. As much as 89.7% of variance was explained with factors of attached commercial facility size, the number of entrances(every entrance where atrium could be recognized from) and atrium scale

도시 공공 공간으로서의 실내 광장형 아트리움의 가능성

이지영(Lee Ji-Young) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

This is a preceding study to formulate the planning conditions for inner-plaza atriums to contribute to a creation of urban public space. focusing on a value possibility of atrium as urban public space. This study is to understand using patterns depending on planning and design conditions of atrium and to define using pattern as urban public space. Using conditions were understood by questionnaire survey conducted in inner-plaza atriums open to public where staying users and pedestrians exist at the same time, focusing on staying user's using pattern which is closely connected with characteristics of plaza typed space. Using patterns on inner-plaza atriums were examined by each planning condition influencing using conditions on atrium, and using pattern of inner-plaza atriums which can work as urban public space was extracted from consideration of user's group.