유동층 연소로에서 유 · 무연탄 혼합 연소법을 이용한 국내산 저질 무연탄의 활용에 관한 연구

정종현,조상원,손병현,전영화,오광중 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.3

It has been studied that combustion and the production of air pollution of anthracite - bituminous coal blend in a fluidized bed coal combustor. The objects of this study were to investigate mixing characteristics of the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and imported high calorific bituminous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. They were used as coal samples ; the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010㎉/㎏ and the imported high grade bituminous coal with heating value of 6,520㎉/㎏. Also, the effects of air flow rate and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition have been studied. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 300scfh which was the fastest. It has been found that O_2 and CO_2 concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. It has been found that O_2 concentration decreased and CO_2 concentration increased as the height of fluidized bed increased. It was found that splash zone was mainly located from 25㎝ to 35㎝ above distributor. Also, as anthracite fraction increased, the mass of elutriation particles increased, and CO_2 concentration decreased. As air flow rate increased, O_2 concentration decreased and CO_2 concentration increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the uncombustible weight percentage according to average diameter of elutriation particles were approximately high in the case of fine particles. As anthracite fraction and air flow rate increased, elutriation ratio increased. As anthracite fraction was increased, exit combustible content over feeding combustible content was increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction, size distribution of bed material from discharge was almost constant. Over bed temperature 850℃ and excess air 20%, the difference of combution efficiencies were little. It is estimate that the combustion condition in anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion is suitable at the velocity 0.3m/s, bed temperature 850℃, the excess air 20%.

유동층 연소로에서 유$cdot$무연탄 혼합 연소시 대기오염물질 배출에 관한 연구

조상원,정종현,손병현,김영식,오광중 한국환경보건학회 1996 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The objects of this study were to investigate emissions of air pollutant the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and imported high-calorific bituminous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. The production of air pollution from anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion in a fluidized bed coal combustor was evaluated. The effects of air velocity and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition was also evaluated. We used coal samples the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010 kcal/kg and the imported high grade bituminous coal with heating value of 6,520 kcal/kg. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 0.3 m/s which was the fastest. It has been found that $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. As the height of fluidized bed becomes higher, the concentration s of $SO_2$ and $NO_x$ mainly increased. The concentration of freeboard was the highest and emission concentration was diminished. Also, as anthracite fraction increased, the emission of $SO_x$ concentration was increased. But, it has been found that the variation of $NO_x$ concentration with anthracite fraction was negligible and the difference of emission concentration according to air flow rates was negligible, too. It has been found that $O_2$ concentration decreased and $CO_2$ concentration increased as the height of fluidized bed increased. As anthracite fraction increased, the mass of elutriation particles increased, and $CO_2$ concentration decreased. Also, as air velocity increased, $O_2$ concentration decreased and $CO_2$ concentration increased. Regardless-of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the combustible weight percentage in elutriation particles were high in the case of fine particles.

Pressure Fluctuation Properties in Combustion of Mixture of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal in a Fluidized Bed

Jang, Hyun Tae,Kim, Sang Bum,Cha, Wang Seog,Hong, Sung Chang,Doh, Dong Sub 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.1

The combustion characteristics of a mixture of anthracite and bituminous coal were studied in a 0.155m i.d. fluidized bed combustor(FBC). the properties of the pressure fluctuation for the bed such as the standard deviation, cross-correlation function, dominant frequency and the power spectral density function were obtained through statistical analysis. To interpret the combustion characteristics in the FBC with uniform or multi-sized particles of anthracitebituminous coal mixture, the properties of pressure fluctuation were determined as a function of the particle size distribution and anthracite mixing fraction. In the present work, it is known that the combustion region could be obtained from the analysis of pressure fluctuation properties, and the mixed-firing of anthracite-bituminous coal is related to the reaction models of both coals and particle size distribution. Moreover, the relation between coal size distribution and static mean pressure, and the ignition region could be obtained from the mean pressure profile.

석탄회 시용이 연초 생육과 토양중 중금속 함량에 미치는 영향

홍순달,석영선,송범헌,Hong, Soon-Dal,Seok, Yong-Seon,Song, Beom-Heon 한국연초학회 1998 한국연초학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fly ash on growth responses and on accumulation of the heavy metals in soil. Two kinds of fly ash, anthracite and bituminous coal, were treated with different levels of 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 kg/pot(20L). Tobacco growth was better by application of fly ash than that by the control. However, the early stage of growth by application of bituminous coal, 1.2 kg/pot, was decreased due to the boron toxicity occurred by fly ash. Generally, tobacco yield was significantly increased with applying fly ash, showing the highest yield at 1.2 kg/pot for anthracite and at 0.8 kg/pot for bituminous coal. The content of total nitrogen in leaves was higher with fly ash than that of the control, while the content of calcium in leaves was low, Contents of heavy metal and the other minerals were not significantly different between the control and the treatment of fly ash. Soil pH after experiment was linearly increased with application level of fly ash, indicating that the application of bituminous coal was more effective than that of anthracite. Contents of available phosphate, exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$+ and $Mg^{2+}$ in soil were increased by application of fly ash, especially with bituminous coal. Contents of Cu, Cr, and Ni were increased with application level of bituminous coati even if the contents were still lower than critical levels for farming land. The other heavy metals were similar between the control and the application of fly ash.

석탄회 시용이 연초의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향

홍순달,석영선 한국연초학회 1997 한국연초학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fly ash on the yield and quality and to determine the optimum application amount of fly ash for tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L). Two kinds of fly ash, anthracite and bituminous coal, were treated with different levels of 0, 20, 40, 60 MT/ha. Dry weights of tobacco at middle and topping growth stage were increased with application of fly ash, showing the highest dry weight at 40 MT/ha in both kinds of fly ash. It was showed that the bituminous coal had a little more effective for yield than that of anthracite. Comparing with the control, yields of tobacco applied with fly ash were significantly increased about 17.7% and 17.1% by the application of bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively. Quality of flue-cured leaves was better by application of fly ash than that of the control. The quality index was given the highest at 40 MT/ha for bituminous coal increasing by 24.6% and at 60 MT/ha fur anthracite increasing by 13.4% compared with the control. The economical efficiency considered of the yield and quality of tobacco was the highest at 40 MT/ha of bituminous. Soil pH, contents of available P2O5, organic matter, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of soil during the growing season were increased by application of fly ash, showing more effectiveness in bituminous than that in anthracite. By the application of fly ash, the nutrients availability and the acidity of soil were reformed and they caused significantly the increase of growths yield, and quality of tobacco. By the application of lime reforming soil acidity, growth response, yields and quality of tobacco were not increased compared to the control, although the effect of reforming soil pH was remarkable.

유동층 연소로에서 유, 무연탄 혼합연소시 탈황에 관한 연구 -천연석회석을 이용한 황산화물 제어-

조상원,민병철,정종현,전영화,김대영,정덕영 한국환경보건학회 1997 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.23 No.3

It has been studied that SO$_2$ removal efficiency of anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion in a fludized bed coal combustor. The objectives of this study were to investigate SO$_2$ removal characteristics of coal blend combustion with Ca/S, anthracite fraction, bed temperature, and limestone size. The experimental results were presented as follows First, the effect of the desulfurization by the dia size of limestone was great and SO$_2$ removal efficiency was highest in limestone dia 631 $\mu$m. Second, as air velocity increased, the desulfurization rate decreased a little. But the difference of the desulfurization rate according to air velocity was not too large. As the height of fluidized bed combustor increased regardless of air velocity, SO$_2$ concentration tends to increase largely. Third, as Ca/S mole ratio incresed, SO$_2$ desulfurization rate incresed rapidly up to Ca/S mole ratio 3 while the desulfurization rates did not increse too largely in the range of more than the level. Forth, the bed temperature had a great effect on the desulfurization rate and the desulfurization rate tended to increase slightly as anthracite fraction increased.

Numerical study of oxy-fuel combustion behaviors in a 2MWe CFB boiler

곽유라,윤진한,길상인,이시훈 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.11

Using modified IEA-CFBC(International Energy Association-Circulating fluidized bed combustion) model, a 2MWe oxy-fuel CFBC boiler is simulated and analyzed as a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emission from coal power plants. This study evaluated and compared the oxy-combustion characteristics of various coals. Also, the effects of CO2 concentration (71-79 vol%), bed temperature (850 oC) and coal properties on combustion efficiencies, CO2 concentration, acid gas emissions were analyzed. Because of their higher N2 and S content, sub-bituminous and bituminous coals were found to have SOx and NOx concentrations higher than those of anthracite. These simulation results from Oxy-fuel CFBC simulation of various coals can be used as operating parameters for design and development of commercial Oxy-fuel CFBC boilers.

Research on the production of coal tar-coated anthracite-based activated carbon

조혜령,박주일,이종범,김유진,서동진,김가은,김소연 한국공업화학회 2024 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2024 No.0

수증기 활성화법으로 제조된 영월 석탄계 활성탄의 특성 연구

이송우,권태훈,나영수,최동훈,류동춘,송승구 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Activated carbons were prepared from Youngwall coal by steam activation in this study. The feasibility of the Youngwall coal to commercial activated carbon was examined. The variation of pore structures and the development of porosity in activated carbons were investigated by changing activation conditions in batch type apparatus. The values of BET surface area and adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue of the resulting activated carbons were obtained as high as 1,000㎡/g, 900㎎/g, 150㎖/g, respectively. Youngwall activated carbon prepared in this study showed much higher pore volume in pore diameter over l0Å than that of commercial reference activated carbon(Ningxia Taihua ZJ-15C) produced from China anthracite.

일제의 조선무연탄주식회사 설립과 조선 석탄자원 통제

김은정 한국민족운동사학회 2009 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.0 No.58

Coal resource which came to the spotlight as the growth engine of the modern era for a while is regarded as an ancient relic nowadays. However, as it is no exaggeration to say that the birth of the modern era began with the coal, modern industrialization was deeply depending on the coal energy. There were excellent coal mines in Korea. Among them anthracite mines near to DaeDongRiver in the southern Pyungan province were paid attention to by many countries since the last period of Daehan empire. Japanese imperialism called anthracite near to DaeDongRiver region as “Black diamond of Pyungyang” and intended to command absolute power. Japanese imperialism secured coal producing districts as the property of Chosun governor-general in 1910s and assigned them to Japanese conglomerates in 1920s. Japanese imperialism did not allow Koreans to develop anthracite mines in Pyungyang region but granted the coal development only to Japanese capitalists. Chosun anthracite corporation(朝鮮無煙炭株式會社, CAC) which was led by Mitsubishi was founded in 1927 after integrating major anthracite producing districts in Pyungyang region. While Japanese imperialism planned large scale of control agencies by industry, it established an anthracite integration corporation since mid 1920s. CAC founded by the scheme of Chosun governor-general integrated coal mines in Pyungyang region and appeared on the stage as the biggest supplier of Chosun anthracite which had jurisdiction over the coal production and distribution. CAC plotted as an integration corporation was under the control of Mitsubishi at the beginning. However the capital of Oriental exploitation corporation(東洋拓植株式會社, OEC) was imported since 1935. When the stock of OEC surpassed that of Mitsubishi by 32% to 28%, it went under the control of OEC. OEC directly participated in the management of the company and changed the enterprise mission as the biggest shareholder, finally transformed CAC into a multipurpose company which could do anything that was corresponding to the mission of Japanese imperialism such as construction of railroads and building of ports in addition to coal production and distribution. More than half of anthracite which was produced in Chosun was exported to Japan; 73.4% in 1912, 68.2% in 1924 and 55% in 1935 in terms of export rate. Chosun anthracite which was exported to Japan was mainly used to make home briquet, however the inland usage of anthracite was a fuel of large factories. Coal produced by CAC marked 74.9% of domestically distributed anthracite in 1935. Almost 77% of the anthracite produced in Chosun, was supplied to Japanese companies in Chosun. In other words, the main usage of Chosun anthracite was export to Japan and Japanese companies in Chosun. It was impossible to provide coal resource to the public for heating in the winter. Coal resource which should be used as the major engine of modernization in the Korean modern history, was a mere resource used and controlled by Japanese imperialism for their own purpose. 한때 근대의 성장 동력으로 주목받았던 석탄자원은 현재 구시대의 유물처럼 인식된다. 그러나 근대의 탄생은 석탄의 연료로서 활용방법 획득과 함께 시작되었다고 해도 과언이 아닐 정도로 근대 산업화는 석탄 에너지에 깊이 의존하고 있었다. 한국에서도 우수한 석탄산지를 보유하고 있었는데 특히 평안남도의 대동강 주변 무연탄은 구한말시기부터 각국의 주목을 받고 있었다. 일제는 대동강 일대의 무연탄에 대해 ‘평양의 검은 다이아몬드’라고 칭하며 완벽한 장악을 계획하였다. 따라서 일제는 1910년대에 석탄 산지를 조선총독부 보유 형식으로 장악하였으며, 1920년대에는 일본 대기업에 조선총독부 보유 석탄산지를 할양하였다. 일제는 평양지역 무연탄광에서 조선인 개발을 막고 일제의 의지대로 석탄생산물을 이용할 수 있는 일본자본에게만 개발을 허용하였다. 1927년에는 평양지역의 주요 무연탄 산지를 통합하고 미쓰비시(三菱)계가 주도하는 통합회사인 조선무연탄주식회사가 설립되었다. 일제는 1930년대 침략전쟁 수행을 위해 대대적인 산업별 통제기구를 계획하였지만 조선 무연탄에 대해서는 1920년대 중반부터 무연탄 통합기업을 설립하였다. 조선총독부의 계획에 의해 탄생한 조선무연탄주식회사는 평양일대의 탄전을 통합하고 석탄의 생산, 유통을 관할하는 조선산 무연탄의 최대 공급자로 등장하였다. 조선총독부가 통합회사로 계획한 조선무연탄주식회사는 초기 미쓰비시의 지배하에 설립되었으나 1935년 이후 동양척식주식회사 자본이 이입되면서 미쓰비시 주식 28%에 비해 동양척식주식회사 주식이 32%를 차지하면서 동양척식(주) 지배 회사로 변모되었다. 동척은 최대주주로서 직접 회사 경영에 참여하여 사업 목적을 변질시키고 석탄 제조, 판매 외의 철도부설과 항만 건설 등 일제의 목적에 부합한다면 어떤 일이든 할 수 있는 다목적 회사로 조선무연탄주식회사를 변모시켰다. 조선에서 생산된 무연탄의 일본 이출비는 1912년 73.4%, 1924년 68.2%, 1935년 55%로 생산량의 절반 이상이 일본으로 이출되었다. 일본에 이출된 조선산 무연탄은 일본의 가정용 연탄제조에 주로 사용되었으나 국내의 사용처는 대규모 공장의 연료로 이용되었다. 특히 조선무연탄주식회사에서 생산된 석탄은 1935년 국내 판매 무연탄의 74.9%를 차지하고 있었다. 또한 조선에서 생산된 전체 무연탄의 약 77%가 국내 소재 일본 기업에 공급되었다. 즉 조선산 무연탄의 사용처는 일본 이출과 국내에 진출한 일본기업이 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 조선에서 겨울철 난방을 위한 석탄 소비는 서민에게 사실상 불가능한 현실이었다. 한국근대사에서 근대화의 주요 동력으로 이용되어야할 석탄은 일제하 일제의 목적에 따라 이용되고 통제되는 자원에 불과하였다.