Evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products with emphasis on anthelmintics in human sanitary waste, sewage, hospital wastewater, livestock wastewater and receiving water

Sim, W.J.,Kim, H.Y.,Choi, S.D.,Kwon, J.H.,Oh, J.E. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2013 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.248 No.-

We investigated 33 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) with emphasis on anthelmintics and their metabolites in human sanitary waste treatment plants (HTPs), sewage treatment plants (STPs), hospital wastewater treatment plants (HWTPs), livestock wastewater treatment plants (LWTPs), river water and seawater. PPCPs showed the characteristic specific occurrence patterns according to wastewater sources. The LWTPs and HTPs showed higher levels (maximum 3000 times in influents) of anthelmintics than other wastewater treatment plants, indicating that livestock wastewater and human sanitary waste are one of principal sources of anthelmintics. Among anthelmintics, fenbendazole and its metabolites are relatively high in the LWTPs, while human anthelmintics such as albendazole and flubendazole are most dominant in the HTPs, STPs and HWTPs. The occurrence pattern of fenbendazole's metabolites in water was different from pharmacokinetics studies, showing the possibility of transformation mechanism other than the metabolism in animal bodies by some processes unknown to us. The river water and seawater are generally affected by the point sources, but the distribution patterns in some receiving water are slightly different from the effluent, indicating the influence of non-point sources.

Status of Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Patients with Cancer in Korea: an Online Survey of Online Cancer Support Groups (KCSG PC21-20)

김정선,권정혜,라선영,이상철,장윤정,권인선,유경한,윤호영 대한암학회 2023 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.55 No.2

Purpose An increasing number of patients with cancers are interested in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which lacks scientific evidence. This study aimed to determine how CAM was used and how media affected patients in online cancer support groups (OCSG). Materials and Methods Between August 18 and September 12, 2021, an online survey was conducted among the members of OCSG. The survey consisted of five parts: baseline characteristics, attitudes toward and experience with CAM, source of information and reliabilities, experience with anthelmintics, and online health information literacy and usage. Results Among the 644 responders, a total of 221 patients with cancer completed the survey, and 78.2% (173/221) used CAM. The users’ median age was 52 years; 46.8% were males, and 43.9% had metastatic disease. Fifty-three CAM users (30.6%) discussed their physicians about CAM. In addition, 16.2% (28/173) of CAM users had the experience of anthelmintics. The use of anthelmintics in patients with cancers was associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.95), metastatic disease (OR, 10.88; 95% CI, 3.39 to 34.86), previous exposure to CAM information (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.01 to 30.72), experience with more types of CAM (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.05), and side effects (OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.46 to 17.75). Conclusion Use of anthelmintics, a CAM of which information is widespread online, is affected by several factors. This study will provide essential information for developing a CAM management strategy in this digital age.

The Antitumor Potentials of Benzimidazole Anthelmintics as Repurposing Drugs

손덕수,이은숙,Samuel E. Adunyah 대한면역학회 2020 Immune Network Vol.20 No.4

The development of refractory tumor cells limits therapeutic efficacy in cancer by activating mechanisms that promote cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and survival. Benzimidazole anthelmintics have broad-spectrum action to remove parasites both in human and veterinary medicine. In addition to being antiparasitic agents, benzimidazole anthelmintics are known to exert anticancer activities, such as the disruption of microtubule polymerization, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle (G2/M) arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and blockage of glucose transport. These antitumorigenic effects even extend to cancer cells resistant to approved therapies and when in combination with conventional therapeutics, enhance anticancer efficacy and hold promise as adjuvants. Above all, these anthelmintics may offer a broad, safe spectrum to treat cancer, as demonstrated by their long history of use as antiparasitic agents. The present review summarizes central literature regarding the anticancer effects of benzimidazole anthelmintics, including albendazole, parbendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, oxibendazole, oxfendazole, ricobendazole, and flubendazole in cancer cell lines, animal tumor models, and clinical trials. This review provides valuable information on how to improve the quality of life in patients with cancers by increasing the treatment options and decreasing side effects from conventional therapy.

囊尾蟲 自然感染 및 人工感染 돼지에 對한 藥劑 治療試驗

Du Hwan JANG(張斗煥),Yung Bai KANG(姜英培),Sung Ho KIM(金承鎬),Ki Sun OHM(嚴基善) 한국예방수의학회 1989 예방수의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

For the treatment of Cysticercus cellulosae infectons in swine both naturally or artificially infected, the candidate anthelmintics flubendazole, oxybendazole and praziquantel were tested and the results obtained were summmarized as follow. 1. In the naturally infected pigs the anthelmintics presented resonably high anthelmintic activities such as flubendazole 80.2%, oxybendazole 79.7% and praziquantel 61.6%. 2. In the artificially infected piglets with Taenia solium eggs isolated from human feces, the anthelmintics presented relatively good anthelmintic activities, however, there were no signficant differences among the efficacy of the drugs tested.

선충류 감염에 대한 구충제 사용의 최근 진전

채종일 대한감염학회 2011 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.43 No.1

The recent trends of parasitic infections in Korea include remarkable decreases of soil-transmitted nematode infections and elimination of lymphatic filariasis. In comparison, enterobiasis (pinworm infection) continues to be prevalent among children and the cases of zoonotic tissue-invading nematode infection are slightly increasing or they are being increasingly diagnosed. In addition, imported parasitoses continue to be problems from the clinical and public health points of view. In this review, the advances in the management and anthelmintic treatment of these nematode infections are briefly reviewed. Albendazole, mebendazole,thiabendazole, flubendazole, pyrantel pamoate, pyrvinium pamoate, oxantel pamoate, levamisole, ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine are the examples of antinematode anthelmintics that are currently being used. Although several of these drugs are known to be broad-spectrum anthelmintics, selection of each drug should be done specifically for each nematode infection, and with consideration of the specific conditions of each patient and the purposes, for example, when performing individual or mass treatment. It is hoped that the chemotherapy regimens reviewed here will help physicians to treat their patients infected with nematode parasites.

Determination of anthelmintic drug residues in milk using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with rapid polarity switching

Whelan, M.,Kinsella, B.,Furey, A.,Moloney, M.,Cantwell, H.,Lehotay, S.J.,Danaher, M. Elsevier 2010 Journal of chromatography Vol.1217 No.27

A new UHPLC-MS/MS (ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) method was developed and validated to detect 38 anthelmintic drug residues, consisting of benzimidazoles, avermectins and flukicides. A modified QuEChERS-type extraction method was developed with an added concentration step to detect most of the analytes at <1μgkg<SUP>-1</SUP> levels in milk. Anthelmintic residues were extracted into acetonitrile using magnesium sulphate and sodium chloride to induce liquid-liquid partitioning followed by dispersive solid phase extraction for cleanup. The extract was concentrated into dimethyl sulphoxide, which was used as a keeper to ensure analytes remain in solution. Using rapid polarity switching in electrospray ionisation, a single injection was capable of detecting both positively and negatively charged ions in a 13min run time. The method was validated at two levels: the unapproved use level and at the maximum residue level (MRL) according to Commission Decision (CD) 2002/657/EC criteria. The decision limit (CCα) of the method was in the range of 0.14-1.9 and 11-123μgkg<SUP>-1</SUP> for drugs validated at unapproved and MRL levels, respectively. The performance of the method was successfully verified for benzimidazoles and levamisole by participating in a proficiency study.

Effects of Periparturient Anthelmintic Treatment on the Milk Yield in Cows

Islam, Faruk Md.,Zohara, Begum Fatema,Begum, Nurjahan,Alam, Md. Golam Shahi 韓國受精卵移植學會 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.2

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of anthelmintics against gastrointestinal parasitic infestation in periparturient dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and quality. Sixty pregnant cows of 1st & 2nd parity were divided into four groups. The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment was evaluated by counting faecal egg per gram (EPG) compared with pre-treatment values. The milk yield of each cow was recorded in pre and post treatment lactations. Cows of group A were treated with Nitroxynil 10 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously 30 days before parturition, group B were treated with combination of triclabendazole and levamisole 19.5 mg/kg body weight orally at calving and group C treated with Endex® at calving and 42 days after. The mean change in EPG 14 days after treatment was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated (79.1%) cows than control. Average milk yield of group C (2.8 ± 0.8) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than group A (2.6 ± 0.7). Similarly, the average milk yield in all the treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher in treated lactation (2.5 ± 0.7) than in the previous lactation (2.2 ± 0.7). The average milk yield in all treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control cows. Although, milk yields were higher in second parity than the first, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The milk protein percentage was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated group than the control group. Therefore, it may be concluded that periparturient anthelmintic treatment effectively reduced the gastrointestinal parasitic load and improved milk yield.

Effects of Periparturient Anthelmintic Treatment on the Milk Yield in Cows

Md. Faruk Islam,Begum Fatema Zohara,Nurjahan Begum,Md. Golam Shahi Alam 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.2

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of anthelmintics against gastrointestinal parasitic infestation inperiparturient dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and quality. Sixty pregnant cows of 1st & 2nd parity weredivided into four groups. The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment was evaluated by counting faecal egg per gram (EPG)compared with pre-treatment values. The milk yield of each cow was recorded in pre and post treatment lactations. Cows of group A were treated with Nitroxynil 10 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously 30 days before parturition, groupB were treated with combination of triclabendazole and levamisole 19.5 mg/kg body weight orally at calving andgroup C treated with Endex® at calving and 42 days after. The mean change in EPG 14 days after treatment wassignificantly higher (p<0.05) in treated (79.1%) cows than control. Average milk yield of group C (2.8 ± 0.8) wassignificantly higher (p<0.01) than group A (2.6 ± 0.7). Similarly, the average milk yield in all the treated cows wassignificantly (p<0.01) higher in treated lactation (2.5 ± 0.7) than in the previous lactation (2.2 ± 0.7). The averagemilk yield in all treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control cows. Although, milk yields werehigher in second parity than the first, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The milk protein percentage wassignificantly higher (p<0.05) in treated group than the control group. Therefore, it may be concluded that periparturientanthelmintic treatment effectively reduced the gastrointestinal parasitic load and improved milk yield.

우리나라에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 기생충질환 치료약물에는 어떤 것이 있는가?

허선 대한의사협회 2013 대한의사협회지 Vol.56 No.6

Incidence of parasitic diseases in Korea has been changing recently. The incidence of some parasitic diseases such as toxocariasis and cryptosporidiosis has increased, while that of soiltransmitted helminthic diseases has drastically decreased. Malaria reemerged in 1993 but has decreased in the 2010s. Here, common parasitic diseases that can be encountered in the clinical field are introduced, along with therapeutic agents such as anthelmintics, anti-malarial drugs, and anti-protozoan drugs to help general physicians select the appropriate medicine for parasitic diseases. Currently, soil-transmitted helminths are not a public health problem. On the other hand, the egg positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis has not decreased rapidly due to the habit of eating raw fresh water fishes in endemic areas; however, due to low worm density, it is difficult to detect infected persons only by clinical symptoms. Toxocariasis and ocular acanthamoebiasis can be detected more frequently due to appropriate diagnostic tools and physicians’concern. Cases of intestinal trematodiases, intestinal protozoasis, and vaginal trichomoniasis have decreased year by year. Since enterobiasis, pediculosis, and scabies are contact-borne diseases, local transmission and resurgence are always possible. Only a few antiparasitic agents can be prescribed in the clinics: albendazole, praziquantel, metronidazole,chloroquine, primaquine, and crotamiton. It may be helpful to general physicians to be reminded of the indications, prescription methods, and side effects described briefly for each drug that can be prescribed for parasitic diseases. Further information can be gathered from the Korea Pharmaceutical Information Service (http://www.kpis.or.kr/). For accurate diagnosis and prescription,a parasitologist may be consulted.

Effect of Cassava Hay in High-quality Feed Block as Anthelmintics in Steers Grazing on Ruzi Grass

Wanapat, Metha,Khampa, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.5

Six, one-year old dairy steers were randomly divided into two groups according to a Completely randomized design (CRD) to receive high-quality feed block (HQFB) without cassava hay and drenching (HQFB1+Ivomex) and HQFB with cassava hay (HQFB2) as block licks while grazing on Ruzi grass pasture. During the eight weeks, fecal parasitic egg counts dramatically declined for both treatment groups with 63.2 and 27.6% reduction from initial period for HQFB1+Ivomex and HQFB2, respectively. However, digestion of coefficients of nutrients particularly OM, were significantly higher in HQFB2 than, those in HQFB1+Ivomex, in addition, ADG of animals in HQFB2 tended to be higher than the group on HQFB1. It was, hence concluded that cassava hay could not only provide as a protein source but also serve as an anthelmintic in ruminants.