Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity, Phytochemical Profile and Minerals Composition of Garlic Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum

Khalid, Nauman,Ahmed, Iftikhar,Latif, Malik Shah Zaman,Rafique, Tariq,Fawad, Sardar Atiq The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3

Allium species are considered to be one of the world's oldest cultivated vegetables. Most commonly used species of garlic in Pakistan and India is Allium sativum, while Allium tuberosum is mainly consumed and cultivated in China, Southeast Asia, and North-east part of India. The present study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial activity, nutritional value and antioxidant profile of Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum. The outcome indicates that Allium tuberosum have slightly higher antimicrobial activity, higher mineral profile, and enriched in antioxidants in comparison with Allium sativum. The highest antimicrobial activity of Allium tuberosum was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with 43.9 and 40.7 mm zone of inhibition using 100% extract. Allium tuberosum contains high contents of calcium ($28.662{\pm}.00mg/100g$), potassium ($10.62{\pm}0.50$) and zinc ($59.00{\pm}1.00$). Allium tuberosum also showed higher antioxidant activity ($0.24{\pm}0.03mg$ vitamin C equivalent (VCE)/g fresh weight in ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, $0.18{\pm}0.02mg\;VCE/g$ fresh weight in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and $1.09{\pm}0.12mg\;VCE/g$ fresh weight in 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay) in comparison with Allium sativum.

Allium속 채소류의 Bioflavonoids 함량비교에 대한 연구

홍은영,김건희 식물자원연구소 덕성여자대학교 2006 植物資源硏究誌 Vol.5 No.-

Allium vegetables search as, Allium tuberosumare, and Allium sativum are perennial plants. Many studies reported to have the high levels of flavonoids in onion and garlic but little information for Allium victorialis and Allium tuberosumexists on their containing flavonoids. In this study, Allium victorialis, Allium tuberosumare, and Allium sativum analyzed bioflavonoids using HPLC. As a result of this study, Allium tuberosum contained kaempferol and rutin and the leaves had 4 times higher than the stems. However, myricetin (Retention time(RT) 19.30min.) and rutin (RT 14.75min.) were detected in skins of Allium sativum. One of the peaks, quercetin was identified at a RT of 26.52 min. from Allium victorialis and a RT of 26.42 min. from Allium tuberosum. We found that the pattern of peaks on the HPLC chromatograms of Allium victorialis and Allium tuberosum is smillar. In addition to using LC/MS was tentatively identified as quercetin, which gave [M]+ at m/z 303.3, indicating it could be quercetin. As a result, the levels of quercetin in Allium victorialis and Allium tuberosum were measured at concentrations of 0.14 mg/g and 0.07 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, the concentration of the quercetin in Allium victorialis is 2 times higher than its Allium tuberosum.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity, Phytochemical Profile and Minerals Composition of Garlic Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum

Nauman Khalid,Iftikhar Ahmed,Malik Shah Zaman Latif,Tariq Rafique,Sardar Atiq Fawad 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3

Allium species are considered to be one of the world’soldest cultivated vegetables. Most commonly used species ofgarlic in Pakistan and India is Allium sativum, while Alliumtuberosum is mainly consumed and cultivated in China, SoutheastAsia, and North-east part of India. The present study wasconducted to compare the antimicrobial activity, nutritional valueand antioxidant profile of Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum. The outcome indicates that Allium tuberosum have slightly higherantimicrobial activity, higher mineral profile, and enriched inantioxidants in comparison with Allium sativum. The highestantimicrobial activity of Allium tuberosum was noticed againstStaphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with 43.9 and 40.7mm zone of inhibition using 100% extract. Allium tuberosumcontains high contents of calcium (28.662±.00mg/100 g), potassium(10.62±0.50) and zinc (59.00±1.00). Allium tuberosum alsoshowed higher antioxidant activity (0.24±0.03 mg vitamin Cequivalent (VCE)/g fresh weight in ferric reducing antioxidantpower assay, 0.18±0.02 mg VCE/g fresh weight in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and 1.09±0.12 mg VCE/g fresh weight in2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay) incomparison with Allium sativum.

건조 및 가공처리에 따른 Allium속 채소류의 quercetin함량

홍은영,김건희 덕성여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 자연과학 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

Analysis of flavonoid in Allium cepa L., Allium sativum, Allium tuberosum, and Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum at various drying methods and processing method were investigated using HPLC. Many studies reported to have the high levels of flavonoids in onion and garlic but little information for Allium tuberosum and Allium victorialis var. platyphyllumexists on their containing flavonoids. As a result of this study, four species of Allium vegatables was identified quercetin at a RT of 25.52 min, commonly. Using various drying methods, the levels of quercetin were higher in skin part (0.89mg/ml) of Allium cepa L than different parts of other Allium vegetables at air dry. Highest quercetin content of Allium cepa L. was 50.0 mg/ml and 47.5 mg/ml at 100℃ for 5min and 60℃ for 10min, respectively. In addition, the content of quercetin in the different species and portions were higher heating treats than various drying treat.

한약재 마늘(Allium sativum L.)의 식별을 위한 유전자 감식연구

손오경 ( O Gyeong Son ),서부일 ( Bu Ii Seo ),이선하 ( Seon Ha Lee ),박선주 ( Seon Joo Park ) 대한본초학회 2014 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.29 No.1

Objectives : This study was carried out to identify DNA markers of "Allium sativum" be circulated from Korea and China, which is difficult to discriminate from morphological characters because of fragmental materials of bulb. That is, all these studies focused on the discrimination of Allium sativum L. But these day, Chinese A. sativum was in circulated Korean A. sativum in Korean medicine markets. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to develop molecular markers for discrimination between Korean A. sativum and imports from China. Methods : Materials were collected randomly from a markets in Korea and China and be analyzed with matK, ndhF and trnL-F regions of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). We collected 45 A. sativum individuals from Korean and Chinese medicine markets, in 2013. Results : As a results, matK and ndhF regions of cpDNA was shown to be identify, Species that grow from warm place and cold place can divide as five SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) markers in matK and ndhF genes. Also, in trnL-F regions, found one SNP that can divide Korean A. sativum and Chinese A. sativum. Conclusions : From the analysis of matK and ndhF regions of cpDNA, we presumed that three markers of cpDNA were found by useful marker that can distinguish Korean, Chinese, Warm place type, and Cold place type. Individual differences of Korean and Chinese was thought that appear in geographical difference and genetic difference by environment for long hour even if same species.

제주에서 생산된 마늘 품종별 추출물의 항산화 및 항균 활성 평가

김병혁(Byung-Hyuk Kim),권윤숙(Yun-Suk Kwon),최민선(Min-Seon Choi),신민지(Minji Shin),이성은(Seong Eun Lee),문두경(Doo-Gyung Moon),김천환(Chun Hwan Kim),한현희(Hyun-Hee Han) 한국식품영양과학회 2024 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.53 No.8

마늘(Allium sativum L.)은 양파, 샬롯 및 부추 등이 속한 Allium속의 구근식물에 속한다. 또한, 마늘은 세계적으로 미생물 감염, 고혈압, 콜레스테롤, 당뇨병, 전통 약재 및 향신료 등 다양한 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 마늘의 생물학적 활성과 건강에 미치는 영향은 생체 활성 화합물의 함량에 따라 달라질 수 있으며, 지리적 위치와 품종에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주 지역에서 생산된 마늘 3품종(대서, 홍산, 남도)의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량, ABTS와 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성 및 항균능을 측정하여 비교 · 분석하였다. 그 결과, 마늘 3품종 간의 항산화 활성과 항균능은 품종 간 차이가 발생하는 것을 확인했으며, 그중 홍산품종의 항산화 활성과 항균능이 가장 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 마늘 품종 선택이 항산화 및 항균능과 같은 기능적 특성을 결정하는 중요한 요인이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 마늘의 기능성 식품소재로 활용 시 마늘 품종의 중요성을 확인했으며, 마늘 품종에 따른 기능성을 이해하는데 기초적인 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Garlic is a bulbous plant that is part of the Allium genus of vegetables, which includes onions, shallots, and leeks. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used as a therapeutic agent for many diseases, such as microbial infections, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, around the world. The biological activity of garlic and its impact on health may vary depending on the content of its bioactive compounds, which can be influenced by geographical factors and the choice of cultivars. In this study, we compared the total polyphenol and total flavonoid content, 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial activity of three garlic cultivars (Daeseo, Hongsan, and Namdo) cultivated on Jeju Island. The results revealed differences in antioxidant and antimicrobial activity among the three garlic cultivars, with the Hongsan cultivar exhibiting the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. These results suggest that the choice of garlic cultivar plays a crucial role in determining its functional properties. This research underscores the importance of the choice of garlic cultivars when utilizing garlic as a functional food ingredient and provides fundamental data for understanding the functional properties associated with different garlic cultivars.

Carotenoid Accumulation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding Phytoene Synthase and Phytoene Desaturase in Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>)

Tuan, Pham Anh,Kim, Jae Kwang,Kim, Haeng Hoon,Lee, Sook Young,Park, Nam Il,Park, Sang Un American Chemical Society 2011 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.59 No.10

<P>Phytoene synthase (PSY) and phytoene desaturase (PDS), which catalyze the first and second steps of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, respectively, are key enzymes for the accumulation of carotenoids in many plants. We isolated 2 partial cDNAs encoding PSY (<I>AsPSY-1</I> and <I>AsPSY-2</I>) and a partial cDNA encoding PDS (<I>AsPDS</I>) from <I>Allium sativum</I>. They shared high sequence identity and conserved motifs with other orthologous genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to determine the expression levels of AsPSY1, AsPSY2, and AsPDS in the bulbils, scapes, leaves, stems, bulbs, and roots of garlic. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that carotenoids were not biosynthesized in the underground organs (roots and bulbs), but were very abundant in the photosynthetic organs (leaves) of <I>A. sativum</I>. A significantly higher amount of β-carotene (73.44 μg·g<SUP>–1</SUP>) was detected in the leaves of <I>A. sativum</I> than in the other organs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2011/jafcau.2011.59.issue-10/jf2009827/production/images/medium/jf-2011-009827_0003.gif'></P>

마늘, Allium sativum이 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 면역반응에 미치는 영향

이준희 ( Jun Hee Lee ),우승호 ( Sung Ho Woo ),엄용환 ( Yong Hwan Eom ),황분옥 ( Bun Ok Hwang ),권문경 ( Mun Gyeong Kwon ),방종득 ( Jong Deuk Bang ),박수일 ( Soo Il Park ) 한국어병학회 2010 한국어병학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of injection of garlic, Allium sativum, extract and immersion in garlic juice on the nonspecific immunity and the resistance against the artificial infection of Streptococcus iniae and Edwardsiella tarda of the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The nonspecific immune mechanisms were assessed in terms of lysozyme activity, nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity etc. Relative percent survival (RPS) was assessed by the challenge with S. iniae BS10 or E. tarda KE-1. Almost of the garlic extract injected groups showed the enhanced level of the tested nonspecific immune factors. In the challenge test with S. iniae and E. tarda, RPS of 5% garlic extract pre-injected group was much higher than that of any other tested groups, respectively. Almost of the garlic juice immersion tested groups exhibited strengthened nonspecific immune defence factors, lysozyme activity, the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils, NBT reduction and SOD activity in kidney. In the challenge with S. iniae and E. tarda, RPS in the 0.25g/L of garlic juice immersed group was much higher than any other tested groups, respectively. The results suggest that the garlic extract and juice would be effective to enhance the nonspecific immunity and protective ability of olive flounder against fish disease such as S. iniae and E. tarda.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of cDNA Encoding Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase in Garlic (Allium sativum)

Pham Anh Tuan,Nam Il Park(박남일),Haeng Hoon Kim(김행훈),Sang Un Park(박상언) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2010 농업과학연구 Vol.37 No.3

Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of farnesyl diphosphate, a precursor for many important terpenoid products. A cDNA encoding FPS was first isolated from Allium sativum (AsFPS) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The sequence of AsFPS contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 341 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 39.61 kDa. Alignment of AsFPS deduced amino acid revealed high identities with other plants ranging from 79% to 85% and showed 2-high conserved aspartate-rich motifs known to be important for FPS activity. Furthermore, AsFPS expression was stronger in the green organs such as bulbils, scapes, leaves, stems, but weaker in bulbs and roots than on-green organs of A. sativum.

전립선암 동물모델에서 Allium Sativum의 전립선암 발생 및 성장 억제효과에 관한 실험적 연구

방원준,김순찬,천준 大韓泌尿器科學會 2001 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.42 No.6