비만 Zucker(fa/fa) 랫드에서 주령에 따른 지방대사 관련 혈액 생화학성분, 호르몬 및 체지방 합성 유전자의 변화

장인석(InSurk Jang),황대연(Dae Youn Hwang),채갑용(Kab Ryong Chae),이주은(Ju Eun Lee),조정식(Jung Sik Cho) 한국실험동물학회 2005 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.21 No.2

The aim of the present study was to investigate the age-related onset of obesity in obese Zucker(fa/fa) rats as indicated by adipogenic biomarkers and genes. The Zucker rats aged 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 wk were used to determine age-related changes in biochemical components including triglyceride, glucose, cholesterol, insulin and leptin in serum, and the expression of adipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor y (PPARγ) in the epididymal fat pads. As a result, the serum levels of glucose and cholesterol did not significantly affected by ages. However, the level of triglyceride in serum resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase after 8 wk of age and stayed at this level till 16 wk of age we examined. The level of insulin at 6 wk of age was significantly (p<0.05) lower than any other ages examined. Also, the Zucker rats aged 16 wk showed a markedly (p<0.05) higher serum leptin level when compared with the rats aged 6 and 8 wk. Especially, leptin level at 16 wk of age increased by a two-fold as compared with that at 6 wk old. We also observed age-related differences in the expressions of ACC and PPARy in the epididymal fats. In particular, ACC mRNA expression did show much of an age-associated alteration in fat tissues. The PPARγ expression in rats aged 6 wk was to be much lower (p<0.05) compared with the rats aged 8, 10, 12 and 16 wk. From the evidences we observed here, it is suggested that preobese status at 6 wkold Zucker(fa/fa) rats rapidly developed obesity around at 8 wk of age as indicated by biomarkers and consequently showed pathophysiological symptom of obesity after 8 wk of age.

연소노인과 고령노인 간 의료서비스 이용 예측요인의 연령차: 고령화 사회의 의료서비스에 주는 함의

전해숙 ( Jeon Hae Sook ),강상경 ( Kahng Sang Kyoung ) 한국보건사회연구원 2012 保健社會硏究 Vol.32 No.1

급속한 인구 고령화 현상으로 노인들의 의료서비스 이용이 빠른 속도로 증가할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 또한 수명연장과 더불어 노년기가 상대적으로 길어짐에 따라 노년기 내에서도 연령 차이에 따른 차별화된 접근의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이러한 점을 고려하여 본 연구는 앤더슨 모형을 바탕으로 노년기의 의료서비스 이용(입원서비스 이용 과 외래서비스 이용)의 예측요인에 대하여 분석하고, 의료서비스 이용의 예측요인이 연소노인과 고령노인들 간에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 한국고령자 패널 1차 년도에 참가한 65세 이상 노인 4,155명을 분석대상으로 하였다. 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 의료서비스의 유형에 따라 예측요인들이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 욕구요인은 입원서비스 이용과 외래서비스 이용에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 다중집단분석결과, 연령집단 간 의료서비스 이용의 예측요인은 연소노인과 고령 노인 간에 총 5개의 경로에서 유의하게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과 에 기반하여 고령화 사회에서 의료서비스 전달 및 정책 수립에 주는 함의에 대해서 논 의하였다. Korea is one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Rapidly aging population indicates that the needs for medical service among the elderly will increase as well. As a result of longevity, which increases diversity among the older population, it is important to address age difference within the individuals aged 65 and over. Using the Andersen Model, the current study examines predictors of medical service use among the elderly aged 65 and over and further examines whether there is age difference in the predictors of medical service use between those aged between 65 and 75 and those aged 76 and over. The sample consisted of individuals aged 65 and over who participated in the first wave survey of the KLoSA (Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging). Results showed that (1) the predictors of medical service use in Korea are not exactly the same as those identified in foreign countries, (2) the predictors of inpatient medical service use differ from those of outpatient medical service use, and (3) the predictors of medical service use vary depending on age. Specifically, gender was a significant predictor of inpatient service use only for the old-old, indicating that the male old-old use more inpatient services than the female old-old. Regarding the predictors of outpatient service use, the young-old were different from the old-old in the effects of age, gender, informal social relationships, and chronic illnesses on outpatient service use. Implications of the study were discussed based on the findings.

高齡化 社會와 人口老齡化의 實態에 關한 考察

吳炳根 서울大學校保健大學院 1991 國民保健硏究所硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.2

Aging society is rapidly progressing. According to the population projections prepared by the National Statistical office, the aging of the population of Korea would be dramatic and probably imprecedented in its speed. In the year 1960, the population aged 65 years and over showed only 3.3% of the total population. In 1990, it becomes 4.7%. According to the above projections, however, it will rise to 6.4% in the year of 2000 and to 12.5% in the year 2020. The old age dependency ratio was only definitely become the first population and social problem in Korea. The present paper describes the demographic aspects of the aging process of Korea and its implications in the fields of economic support of the aged population and of family structure, and the increase of the social security. One of the Korean solutions of aging problems is a capability of domestic care of old parents by their grown-up sons and daughters. But, today, it is not absolutely sure whether such a model can still be effective in the face of the rise of individualism, the enhancement of the status of women and the process of westernization. Finally, the paper presents some of the alternations of how to face and solve the problems of population aging. It discusses a possibility of extending retirement age, initiation of saving in earlier ages, ways of becoming self-independent in economic and social life among the aged, smoother intergenerational transfer of wealth, etc. At the same time, the paper cites some merits of the aging society, particularly low mortality which together with low fertility makes best utilization of human resources.

Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure gradient increases with age in the steep Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum

최대기,이인규,황재현 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.3

Background: Several factors affect the end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) and increase the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure gradient (Pa-ETCO2) during general anesthesia. We evaluated the relationship between age and Pa-ETCO2 during pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Methods: Ninety-two consecutive patients undergoing RALP were divided by age into a middle-aged (45-65 years) and an elderly (> 65 years) group. Anesthesia was standardized. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, lung compliance, minute ventilation, PaO2, PETCO2, PaCO2, and Pa-ETCO2 were measured 10 min after intubation in the supine position without pneumoperitoneum (T0); and 10 (T1), 60 (T2), and 120 (T3) min after pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position. Results: Although PETCO2 did not change significantly during surgery, PaCO2 and Pa-ETCO2 increased gradually with time during pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position, and both parameters showed greater increases in the elderly than in the middle-aged group. Simple linear regression analyses revealed significant correlations between age and Pa-ETCO2 at T0 (P = 0.018), T1 (P = 0.006), T2 (P < 0.001), and T3 (P = 0.001). Linear mixed model analysis showed that Pa-ETCO2 was associated statistically significantly with age and duration of pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position, but age and duration of pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position were not associated (P = 0.090). Conclusions: The magnitude of Pa-ETCO2 during pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position increased with age, which could be attributed to age-related respiratory physiological changes. Background: Several factors affect the end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) and increase the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure gradient (Pa-ETCO2) during general anesthesia. We evaluated the relationship between age and Pa-ETCO2 during pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Methods: Ninety-two consecutive patients undergoing RALP were divided by age into a middle-aged (45-65 years) and an elderly (> 65 years) group. Anesthesia was standardized. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, peak inspiratory pressure, lung compliance, minute ventilation, PaO2, PETCO2, PaCO2, and Pa-ETCO2 were measured 10 min after intubation in the supine position without pneumoperitoneum (T0); and 10 (T1), 60 (T2), and 120 (T3) min after pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position. Results: Although PETCO2 did not change significantly during surgery, PaCO2 and Pa-ETCO2 increased gradually with time during pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position, and both parameters showed greater increases in the elderly than in the middle-aged group. Simple linear regression analyses revealed significant correlations between age and Pa-ETCO2 at T0 (P = 0.018), T1 (P = 0.006), T2 (P < 0.001), and T3 (P = 0.001). Linear mixed model analysis showed that Pa-ETCO2 was associated statistically significantly with age and duration of pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position, but age and duration of pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position were not associated (P = 0.090). Conclusions: The magnitude of Pa-ETCO2 during pneumoperitoneum in the steep Trendelenburg position increased with age, which could be attributed to age-related respiratory physiological changes.

Age Trouble : A Yeatsian Journey of Aging in “Sailing to Byzantium”

Seongho Yoon,Eun Sook Seo 한국예이츠학회 2016 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.51 No.-

예이츠 연구에서 나이 듦의 문제는 일반적으로 그가 어떻게 노화에 따른 예술적 에너지의 쇠 퇴를 극복하기 위해 노년을 새로운 활력의 시기로 정의하고 있는 지에 초점을 맞추는 경향을 보여왔다. 이러한 접근 방식의 문제점은 예이츠가 보여 주는 나이 듦에 대한 시적 모색이 내포하고 있는 특정 문맥과 특수성을 도외시한 채 그의 문학이 성취한 보편성을 지나치게 강조하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 문제의식 속에서 이 논문은 이중의 방식으로 예이츠에 나타난 나이 듦의 문제를 살펴본다. 먼저 나이 듦의 문제를 ‘에이지 연구’를 통해 드러난 시간성에 대한 통찰을 규명하고, 이를 바탕으로 「비잔티움으로의 항해」를 중심으로 시인이 어떻게 신생 아일랜드 자유국의 현재와 미래에 대한 불안과 기대감을 시적으로 형상화하고 있는지 살핀다. The point of departure of this article is to put into question the ways in which existing Yeats scholarship probes his poetry focused on the issue of aging solely from the spiritual point of view—examining how Yeats forged aging into a time of renewal of life force and resuscitated imaginative energy in the face of bodily and pathological disintegration in the old age. Not a few Yeats scholars tend to resort to a prescribed understanding of the poet’s achievement in his old age as seeking for an antidote for creative stasis. What this approach entails is that one is likely to mold a “universal” Yeats and to gloss over specificities and contingencies embedded in reading Yeats through the lens of his views of aging. I thus aim to break away from the existing scholarship on the problem of aging in Yeats’s poetry by taking a twofold approach: first, situating Yeats’s ideas of aging in the context of the insights of age studies; second, linking the poet’s ideas of aging to his troubled relationship to the new Irish Free State with a focus on “Sailing to Byzantium.”

고령사회와 액티브에이징 고찰 연구

한동희 한국노인복지학회 2014 노인복지연구 Vol.0 No.64

Purpose: Aging is too fast in Korea. Population ageing is unique challenges to every society. The attention of aging should be aimed on the very issues that arises from this process. Method: This study overview Active Aging policy framework for Korean society. According to Active Aging frame from World Health Organization(2002), Active Aging Consortium in Asia Pacific(2005-2013) and EU Active Aging, this study was analyzed background, concepts and component theories and best practices active aging in actions. Result: It was lead productive and positive aging, the process optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age with aged friendly community. We all should make active aging environment for our aged society and develop community bases concept of active aging. 인구의 고령화는 사회인구구조의 변화와 부양책임 그리고 생산연령인구의 감소라는 사회구조적 문제를 야기시키고 있다. 따라서 긍정적이고 생산적 노년의 구체적 대응전략이 요구되고 있다. 액티브에이징 정책은 무엇보다도 길어진 노년을 생산적이며 긍정적으로 보낼 수 있는 가이드라인을 제시한다. 따라서 본 연구는 세계보건기구(WHO), 아시아태평양 액티브에이징 컨소시엄(ACAP), 유럽연합(EU)에서 전개된 다양한 액티브에이징 아젠다의 지료를 분석하여 액티브에이징의 개념과 구성요소를 제안하고 고령사회에 액티브에이징 정책이 필요한 이유와 이를 통한 긍정적 노년을 만들 수 있는 방안과 정책을 제언을 하고자 한다.

숙성조건이 마늘의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

정윤숙,황경아,김가람,송진,노건민,황인국,Jeong, Yun Sook,Hwang, Kyung-A,Kim, Ga Ram,Song, Jin,Noh, Geon Min,Hwang, In Guk 한국식품영양학회 2015 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

본 연구에서는 숙성 온도와 기간에 따른 마늘의 품질특성변화를 살펴보기 위하여 통마늘을 $60^{\circ}C$에서 60일간, $70^{\circ}C$에서 40일간 숙성 처리하여 pH, 총산도, 갈변도, 5-HMF 함량, fructose 함량, SAC 함량, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 DPPH radical 소거활성 측정하였다. 숙성 온도가 높고 숙성 기간이 길어질수록 마늘의 pH는 감소하고, 총 산도, 갈변도 및 5-HMF 함량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히, 5-HMF 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시 0.08~3.30 mg/100 g으로 증가량이 적은 반면, $70^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시 0.05~106.07 mg/100 g으로 숙성 25일차부터 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Fructose 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$의 숙성온도에서는 0.77~14.57%으로 지속적으로 증가한 반면, $70^{\circ}C$ 숙성 온도에서는 30일차까지 1.07~19.75%까지 증가 후 15.11%로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. SAC 함량은 생마늘의 경우 48.11 mg/100 g이었으며, $60^{\circ}C$에서 20일 숙성 시 100.50 mg/100 g으로, $70^{\circ}C$에서 5일 숙성 시 85.55 mg/100 g까지 증가한 후 숙성 기간이 경과할수록 SAC 함량은 감소하였다. 생마늘의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 98.38 mg/100 g이었고, $60^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시 591.82 mg/100 g까지, $70^{\circ}C$ 숙성 처리 시에는 665.22 mg/100 g까지 생마늘에 비해 각각 6.01배 및 6.67배 증가하였다. DPPH radical 소거활성의 경우, 숙성 온도가 높고 숙성 기간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 마늘 섭취가 용이하고 항산화 활성이 우수한 숙성 마늘 제조를 위해서는 $70^{\circ}C$에서 30일, 숙성 마늘의 유효성분인 SAC의 다량 생산을 위해서는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 숙성 처리하는 하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단되며, 이상의 결과는 항산화 효과가 강화 및 SAC 함량 증진 등 선택적인 숙성 마늘의 제조에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics such as pH, total acidity, browning index, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), fructose, S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), total polyphenol, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of aged garlic at different aging temperatures and periods. Aging temperature and period had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the quality characteristics of garlic. The pH in aged garlic significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing aging temperatures and periods, while the total acidity, browning index, and 5-HMF levels increased. The 5-HMF levels in garlic aged at 60 and $70^{\circ}C$ increased from 0.08~3.30 and from 0.05~106.07 mg/100 g, respectively. The fructose content in garlic aged at $60^{\circ}C$ gradually increased from 0.77 to 14.57%, while that of garlic aged at $70^{\circ}C$ increased from 1.07 to 19.75% until day 30, after which it decreased. The SAC level in raw garlic was 47.09 mg/100 g. The SAC contents of aged garlic differed significantly according to aging temperature and period. The SAC levels in garlic aged at $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ were in the range of 15.28~100.5 and 12.41~85.55 mg/100 g, respectively. The total polyphenol contents of garlic aged at $60^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ were 6.01 and 6.67 fold higher, respectively, than those in raw garlic. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of aged garlic also showed a tendency to increase during aging.

Young capillary vessels rejuvenate aged pancreatic islets

Almaca, Joana,Molina, Judith,Arrojo e Drigo, Rafael,Abdulreda, Midhat H.,Jeon, Won Bae,Berggren, Per-Olof,Caicedo, Alejandro,Nam, Hong Gil National Academy of Sciences 2014 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.111 No.49

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>The regulation of blood glucose is a homeostatic process that declines with age, but it is unknown whether this disturbance is a consequence of intrinsic dysfunction of the regulatory organ, the pancreatic islet. In marked contrast to the widely held notion that the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cell loses function with wear and tear, and thus causes age-related disturbances in glucose homeostasis, we show that mouse and human beta cells are fully functional at advanced age. The pancreatic islet as an organ, however, is threatened by vascular senescence. Replacing the islet vasculature in aged islet grafts rejuvenates the islet and fully restores glucose homeostasis, indicating that islet blood vessels should be targeted to mitigate frail glucose homeostasis associated with aging.</P><P>Pancreatic islets secrete hormones that play a key role in regulating blood glucose levels (glycemia). Age-dependent impairment of islet function and concomitant dysregulation of glycemia are major health threats in aged populations. However, the major causes of the age-dependent decline of islet function are still disputed. Here we demonstrate that aging of pancreatic islets in mice and humans is notably associated with inflammation and fibrosis of islet blood vessels but does not affect glucose sensing and the insulin secretory capacity of islet beta cells. Accordingly, when transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye of young mice with diabetes, islets from old mice are revascularized with healthy blood vessels, show strong islet cell proliferation, and fully restore control of glycemia. Our results indicate that beta cell function does not decline with age and suggest that islet function is threatened by an age-dependent impairment of islet vascular function. Strategies to mitigate age-dependent dysregulation in glycemia should therefore target systemic and/or local inflammation and fibrosis of the aged islet vasculature.</P>

노화의 개념, 진단 및 관리

배철영(Chul-Young Bae) 대한미병의학회 2023 대한미병의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Anti-aging medicine is defined as ‘the newest clinical specialty, the optimum of wellness and longevity, and employs extensive therapies and treatment in the preventive health care field far beyond just cholesterol testing and mammogram, by American Academy of Anti-aging Medicine. Aging theories is dived into two main theories, genetic control theory and acquired theory. Though many aging theories have been developed, any single theory is not universally accepted. Aging is defined as a time-related decline in physiological functions and changes in morphology. Aging is usually evaluated by questionnaires (AGHDA), self-test, aging biomarkers tests, and biological age measurements. Biological age measurement is usually considered as the index to evaluate the overall health status and aging degree in clinical practice. The goal of aging management is not only to treat age-related diseases, but to improve the diverse function of body and improve quality of life. Five major methods for aging management are the elimination of risk factors, management of chronic diseases, caloric restriction with nutritional balance, medium-intensity regular exercise, and stress management. Many other methods, such as, anti-oxidant therapy, hormone replacement, smart drugs, immune boosters, detoxification, and alternative medicine have been tried for aging management.

Estimating age using nationwide survey data on the number of residual teeth

김의주,이원준,서인수,김형건,류혜원,이주헌,서요섭,노병윤 대한법의학회 2022 대한법의학회지 Vol.46 No.3

Given that tooth loss is a degenerative change, the number of residual teeth may be used to specify a particular age range as a marker for age estimation. This study examined changes in the number of teeth with age using a nationwide oral survey database and derived the age distribution of the Korean population according to the number of teeth. Data on the number of teeth and age were extracted from the oral examination data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2016 to 2018. Statistical analyses of a complex sample survey were performed using weighted values. The distribution range of the number of teeth by age was broad. The proportion of young people decreased progressively as the number of remaining teeth decreased. In contrast, the proportion of those from the older age group decreased slightly as the number of teeth increased. The number of teeth was subdivided into groups of four, age was categorized into 5-year intervals, and the distribution of age groups by the number of teeth was analyzed. We attempted to determine the age group threshold at approximately 95th percentile for age. In summary, we found that if there were ≤4, 5-12, and 13-20 residual teeth, the estimated age was ≥60, ≥55, and ≥50 years, respectively, with an approximately 95% probability. When many teeth are lost and it is difficult to apply conventional dental age estimation methods, our method may assist in narrowing the age range, although it is not an accurate age determination method.