Deqi Sensation Between the Acupuncture-Experienced and the Naive : A Korean Study Ⅱ

Park, Jong-Bae,Park, Hi-Joon,Lee, Hyang-Sook,Lim, Sabina,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Lee, Hye-Jung EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Previous experience of acupuncture is believed to affect people's expectation of future treatments. Therefore, subjects who have had acupuncture are generally excluded from sham-controlled acupuncture clinical trials. However, this assumption has not been proven, but just accepted because of the lack of evidence to the contrary. To investigate the difference in frequency and intensity of acupuncture sensation between subjects who have had acupuncture and those who have not, 36 acupuncture-experienced subjects were incited to take part in the study. After informed consent was obtained, participants were asked to complete the acupuncture sensation scale (ASS) according to what they expected needling to feel like. The needling was done at the left Hegu (LI 4) point and consisted of insertion, stimulation for 30 seconds and removal. After needling, the subjects were asked to complete the same ASS according to what they actually experienced. Adverse events were monitored. The frequency of each sensation expected and experienced, as well as acupuncture sensation scores were compared. More than 60% of the subjects expected to feel sensations of penetrating (87.6% to 100%), aching (71.2% to 95.5%), tingling (87.6% to 100%), pricking (79.7% to 99.2%) and throbbing (64.2% to 91.4%). In fact, the subjects experienced sharp (60.9% to 89.1%), intense (60.9% to 89.1%), radiating (71.2% to 95.5%) and heavy (74.8% to 97.4%) sensations just as much. The subjects expected more hurting (p = 0.001), tingling (p < 0.001), pricking (p = 0.010), stinging (p =0.012), burning (p = 0.001) and pulsing (p = 0.009) than they experienced, while more heaviness (p = 0.011) was experienced than expected. The same outcome measures were also compared between experienced and naive groups. Apart from the fact that the acupuncture-experienced participants expected to feel pricking (p = 0.030) and stinging (p = 0.002), and experienced hurting (p = 0.022) and stinging (p = 0.028) significantly less than those who had not had acupuncture before, there was no significant difference between first time and experienced subjects. The results indicate that previous experience does not affect the people's expectation and does not hinder people from experiencing Deqi. In addition, a constellation of Deqi-related acupuncture-specific sensations is more than just a general pain intensity dimension, which requires a biochemical and physiological exploration.

플라세보 약침에 대한 무작위배정 임상시험

서정철,Charlie Xue 대한침구의학회 2008 대한침구의학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Objectives : This study was designed to find out whether normal saline(NS) acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture(CC). Methods : NS and CC were injected into Quchi(LI11) of the subjects. The subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation(hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing) and side effects. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation and side effects between two groups. Results : As for CC most of the acupuncture sensation items were not significantly different from NS especially in less acupuncture-experienced subjects (average 2, below 10 time experiences) rather than more acupuncture-experienced subjects(above 10 time experiences). Conclusions : We found that NS might be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in small amount of acupuncture-experienced subjects. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in more acupuncture-experienced subjects.

CC, CF, BV 약침의 침감에 대한 임상적 연구 -placebo 약침을 위한 기초연구-

서정철,윤종석,한상원,박히준,이혜정,Seo, Jung-Chul,Yoon, Jong-Seok,Han, Sang-Won,Park, Hi-Joon,Lee, Hye-Jung 대한약침학회 2004 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.7 No.1

Objective : This study was designed to find out whether NS(normal saline) is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for CC(Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture), CF(Carthami-Flos herbal acupuncture) and BV(bee venom herbal acupuncture). Method : NS and three herbal acupuncture were inserted into Quchi(LI 11) of the subjects. After 5 minutes the subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation; hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation between or among the groups. Results : As for CC half items of the acupuncture sensation were significantly different from NS. As for CF all items were not significantly different from NS. As for CC all items were significantly different from NS except one item. In general the score of CF acupuncture sensation was lower than the others and the score of BV acupuncture sensation was higher than the others from comparison of sensation among herbal acupunctures(CC, CF, BV). Conclusion : We found that NS is able to be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CF. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC and BV.

득기와 침의 항소양 효과 간의 상관관계 분석

박지은 ( Ji Eun Park ),김애란 ( Ae Ran Kim ),정소영 ( So Young Jung ),김정은 ( Jung Eun Kim ),정현정 ( Hyun Jung Jung ),강경원 ( Kyung Won Kang ),정희정 ( Hee Jung Jung ),김태훈 ( Tae Hun Kim ),신미숙 ( Mi Suk Shin ),박효주 ( Hyo 경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.2

Objectives: ``Obtaining qi (deqi)`` is a sensation experienced by a patient or an acupuncturist during acupuncture treatment, and it is considered to be an important factor in acupuncture treatment. However, previous studies reported conflicting results about the relationship between ``obtaining qi (deqi)`` sensation and the effect of acupuncture treatment. Also, most of the previous studies investigating ``obtaining qi (deqi)`` and the acupuncture effect, dealt with the analgesic effect of acupuncture. The objective of this study was to analyze the relation between the ``obtaining qi (deqi)`` and the anti-itching effect of acupuncture treatment. Methods: Twenty one healthy subjects participated in this study. At the first visit, itch was induced to all subjects using intradermal injection of histamine on the lower arm. At the second visit, acupuncture treatment was applied using LI11 and ``obtaining qi (deqi)`` was assessed. After acupuncture treatment, itch was induced again, and itch VAS and skin flare were assessed. Results: At the 6,8,10 minutes after histamine injection, the change of itch VAS between before and after acupuncture treatment was significant. Among ``obtaining qi (deqi)``, subjects reported that ``dull ache``, ``pricking``, ``heavy`` were most strong. Total score of ``obtaining qi (deqi)`` sensation was not related to the change of itch VAS or skin flare. The ``electric shock`` sensation is related to the change of itch VAS, and ``bruised`` and ``heavy`` sensations were related to the change of skin flare. Conclusions : Total ``obtaining qi (deqi)`` is not related to the anti-itching effect of acupuncture, but several sensations showed relationship with the effect of acupuncture on itch severity and skin flare. Further researches based on various symptoms or acupuncture points, are needed.

황련해독탕 약침, 자하거 약침의 침감에 대한 임상적 연구 - placebo 약침을 위한 기초연구 (2) -

윤종석,서정철,이향숙,임성철,정태영,신임희,한상원,Yoon, Jong-seok,Seo, Jung-chul,Lee, Hyang-sook,Lim, Seong-cheol,Jung, Tae-young,Shin, Leem-hee,Han, Sang-won 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objective : This study was designed to find out whether NS(normal saline) is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for HHT(Hwangryunhaedoktang herbal acupuncture) and HP(Homnis Placenta herbal acupuncture). Methods : NS and two herbal acupuncture were inserted into Quchi(LI 11) of the subjects. After 5 minutes the subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation; hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing. We compared the subjective acupuncture sensation between the two groups. Results : As for HHT seven items of the acupuncture sensation were significantly different from NS. In case of HP just two items were significantly different from NS. Conclusion : We found that NS may be able to be an placebo herbal acupuncture for HP. Further study is needed for the appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture.

Investigation of the Phenomenon of Propagated Sensation along the Channels in the Upper Limb Following Administration of Acupuncture and Mock Laser

Shohreh Razavy,Marcus Gadau,Shi Ping Zhang,Fu Chun Wang,Sergio Bangrazi,Christine Berle,Mahrita Harahap,Tie Li,Wei Hong Li,Christopher Zaslawski 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.5

Background: Similar to De Qi psychophysical responses, propagated sensation along the channels (PSC) is considered an important phenomenon in traditional Chinese acupuncture. In acupuncture clinical trials, different acupuncture manipulation techniques are used to enhance the propagation of sensation along the channels to facilitate an optimum therapeutic result. Aim: To examine and compare the PSC reported by participants in a clinical trial following the administration of acupuncture and inactive mock laser. Methods: The study was embedded in a two-arm parallel design multicenter, randomized clinical trial, the Tennis Elbow AcupuncturedInternational StudydChina, Hong Kong, Australia, Italy (TEA IS CHAI). Needle sensations were measured using a validated instrument, the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Spreading Scale. Ninety-six participants with lateral elbow pain were randomly allocated into two groups in a 1:1 ratio; the acupuncture treatment group (n Z 47) and the mock laser control group (n Z 49). Participants in both groups received the intervention at two acupoints, LI10 and LI11, consisting of 2 minutes of either standardized needle manipulation or mock laser at each acupoint with a rest period between each intervention period. Data were collected immediately following the interventions at the first and the ninth session within the clinical trial. Results: Although participants in both groups perceived PSC radiating to similar sites along the upper limb, the frequency of the reported radiation sites among the two intervention groups for both radiation up the limb (p < 0.05) and radiation down the limb (p < 0.001) were statistically significantly different. Among the radiating sensation sites recorded within the two study groups, the sensations were reported as radiating a greater distance down the forearm to the wrist compared to up the arm. Evaluation of PSC across the four study sites revealed a statistically significant difference in frequency of the reported radiation down the limb sites in each study group and radiation up the limb sites only in control group only (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that the PSC phenomenon is not just associated with needling but can be perceived when using a mock laser. Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry reference: ACTRN12613001138774 on 11th of October 2013.

정량적 측정 시스템을 이용한 족삼리와 6가지 모델의 침감 비교 연구

한예지,조수정,손영남,이수윤,김갑성,이승덕 대한침구의학회 2013 대한침구의학회지 Vol.30 No.5

Objectives : In this study, we intended to make the foundation of the development ofacupuncture tissue model as comparing the needle sensation of six kinds of tissue modelsand Zusanli (ST36) with the needle force measurement system. Methods : When practitioners did twisting-rotating acupuncture needle manipulation afterinserting the needle into six kinds of tissue models, they quantified the similarity sense to thesensation of Zusanli (ST36) with the NRS (Numeric Rating scale). As needle force measurement system did twisting-rotating Acupuncture needle manipulationafter inserting needle into Zusanli (ST36) of human and six kinds of tissue models, it cancalculate the coefficient of viscosity by measuring the torsion friction. We compare the NRS of practitioners’ needle sensation to the coefficient of viscosity of needleforce measurement systems. Result : As practitioners’ NRS assessment to quantify needle sensation, apple and cucumbershowed 70% similarity to Zusanli (ST36). As needle force measurement system’s coefficient ofviscosity, apple and cucumber‘s coefficient of viscosity were similar to Zusanli (ST36)’s. Conclusions : In this study, We compared the practitioners' needle sensation of Zusanli (ST36)and six kinds of tissue models with needle force measurement system that can quantify theneedle sensation. As the result, we concluded that practitioners' needle sensation is similar tomeasured needle sensation. It seems that the acupuncture practice model implementing theneedle sensation to specific acupuncture points can be built based on the system in thisstudy.

득기 감각에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 연구

신경민(Kyung Min Shin),정달림(Dal Lim Jung),김은정(Eun Jung Kim),이승덕(Seung Deok Lee) 대한한의학회 2013 대한한의학회지 Vol.34 No.1

Evaluation of Newly Developed Sham Acupuncture Needle with a Special Focus on Needling Sensation: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Shinohara Daiyu,Shinozaki Namiki,Takahashi Ryo,Imai Kenji 사단법인약침학회 2023 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.16 No.1

Background: Most non-penetrating sham and placebo acupuncture needles comprise a traditional pedestal for fixing the guide tube that makes these needles difficult to operate independently. We developed a simple sham acupuncture needle to overcome this problem and focused on managing the needling sensation. Objectives: To ascertain how differently participants feel sham and real needles and to evaluate whether sham needles are effective in clinical trials. Methods: After enrolling 64 healthy volunteers who had experienced and were knowledgeable about acupuncture, the practitioner randomly used real and sham needles at four sites (bilateral LI4 and LI10) on the participants’ forearms. A custom-made sham blunt stainless acupuncture needle (40 mm, 0.80 mm) that was inserted into a guide tube was used. Immediately after needling, the participants were questioned in regard to their identification of the needle, skin penetration sensation, and de qi. Results: The sham needle resulted in 62.5% blinding. Inequivalent sensations were elicited by the sham needles compared to the real needles. Women reported similar needling sensations from the sham and real needles. Conclusion: This study achieved comparatively higher sham-needle blinding and is therefore worthy of use in clinical trials. The mutual independence of the sham needle from the real needle was mediated presumably by interindividual differences among the participants and the needling sites. Sex differences in sensation were likely related to the blinding capability of the sham needle.

약침용 불량 Needle의 미세 형태 관찰

박원필,김현도,권기록,Park, Won-Pil,Kim, Hyun-Do,Kwon, Ki-Rok 대한약침학회 2005 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.8 No.1

Objectives : This study was conducted to observe the tip of needles which induce poor needle sensation upon injection of herbal acupuncture. Methods : Among the syringes used for herbal acupuncture, needles which cause poor sensation were collected and evaluated by SEM (scanning electron microscope) for changes in structure, existence of impure matters, physical damage, and etc. Results : 1. Various forms contributed to poor needle sensation. Bent needle body, damaged or crooked needle tip, and blunted tip 2. Poor needles could be made during the manufacturing process, during insertion of the needle into the vial(except for the lubricants), and repeated procedures with one needle at different regions. Conclusion : Poor needles induce unnecessary pain and discomfort not only to the patients but also to administrators during injection. Herbal acupuncture is a treatment technique injecting herbal extract on the meridian points, and strict quality check must be enforced to prevent occurrence of poor needles.