활동의 지속성 및 통행행태의 시간적 의존성 관계 에 대한 연구

장태연(Jang, Tae-Youn) 한국지역개발학회 2008 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Activity schedules are based on what kinds of activities are persued and how much time is spent for them within the given time. For trip purpose to meet individual's needs, his activity schedule and travel behavior depend on the significant elements such as the kind of activities pursued and the amount of time spent for them. The study examines relationship between social- economic characteristics and weekend travel behavior, and analyzes the factors affecting on activity duration time under the concept of activity- based analysis. Hazard rate models are applied for analysis on activity duration times. Not for simple activity time, duration time considering the sequence of activities is studied by the comting risk model, indicating that the ch이ce and time of current activities depend on the nature and duration of the activities rform previously. The study shows the potential that the comting risk model is one of methods for activity- based analysis, which can inquire into characteristics of individual’s activity duration and timing sequence. Also, the study allows to assess the assumed effects of socio- demographic variables on the timing and choice of activities. In future, methodologies for predicting the impact of individual attributes on daily activity- pattem and for analyzing sensitivity on activity transition should be developed.

Structure-activity Relationship of Aliphatic Compounds for Nematicidal Activity against Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Il-Kwon Park,Seon-Mi Seo,Junheon Kim,Sang-Gil Lee,Chong-Kyu Lee,Sang-Chul Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

Nematicidal activity of aliphatic compounds was tested against pien wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. There was a significant difference in nematicidal activity among function groups. In a test with alkanols and 2-alkenols, compounds with C8-C11 chain length showed 100% nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. C6-C10 2-alkenals exhibited >95% nematicidal activity, but the other compounds with C11-C14 chain length showed weak activity. Nematicidal activity of alkanoic acids with C7-C11 chain length was strong. Whole compounds belonging to hydrocarbons, alkanals and alkanoic acetate showed weak nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. Nematicidal activity of compounds which showed strong nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration was tested at a lower concentration. At 0.25 mg/mL concentration, whole compounds except C8 alkanol, C8 2-alkenol and C7 alkanoic acid showed >80% nematicidal activity. C9-C11 alkanols, C10-C11 2-alkenols, C8-C9 2-alkenals and C9-C10 alkanoic acids showed >80% nematicidal activity at 0.125 mg/mL concentration. Only C11 alkanol exhibited strong nematicidal activity at 0.0625 mg/mL concentration

시․공간 활동인구 추정에 의한 통행수요 예측

엄진기 대한교통학회 2008 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.26 No.5

The conventional four-step travel demand model is still widely used as the state-of-practice in most transportation planning agencies even though it does not provide reliable estimates of travel demand. In order to improve the accuracy of travel demand estimation, implementing an alternative approach would be critical as much as acquiring reliable socioeconomic and travel data. Recently, the role of travel demand model is diverse to satisfy the needs of microscopic analysis regarding various policies of travel demand management and traffic operations. In this context, the activity-based approach for travel demand estimation is introduced and a case study of developing a spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach that estimates travel demand through forecasting number of people present at certain place and time is accomplished. Results show that the spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach provides reliable estimates of both number of people present and trips actually people made. It is expected that the proposed approach will provide better estimates and be used in not only long-term transport plans but short-term transport impact studies with respect to various transport policies. Finally, in order to introduce the spatial-temporal activity presence-based approach, the data such as activity-based travel diary and land use based on geographic information system are essential. 기존의 4단계 교통수요추정 모형은 거시적인 장래 교통수요 예측을 위해 사용되어 왔으나 정확성에 대한 문제가 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 장래 수요추정의 정확성을 높이기 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 자료의 확보, 장래 사회․경제 지표의 예측의 합리성 등 근본적 해결방법이 있으며 모형의 추정방법을 달리하는 것도 상당히 중요한 해결방법이라 하겠다. 과거와 달리 교통수요추정 모형은 단순히 교통인프라 구축에 따른 교통수요추정과 같은 거시적인 분석뿐만 아니라 교통수요관리정책의 효과분석, 교통운영분석의 적용 등 미시적인 분석에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간의 활동에 기반을 둔 활동기반 교통수요추정에 대하여 소개하며 통행자의 일일 활동에 대한 조사를 기반으로 한 시․공간 활동인구 추정을 통한 통행수요를 예측하였다. 연구결과 개별 건물단위의 시간대별 활동인구의 추정은 비교적 정확한 것으로 분석되었으며 예측된 통행수요 또한 정확성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 인간의 활동에 기반을 둔 시․공간 활동기반모형은 거시적인 교통수요추정뿐만 아니라 미시적 추정이 가능하므로 다양한 미시적 교통체계분석에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 이를 위해 활동기반 자료와 토지이용에 대한 공간자료(GIS)의 확보가 필수적이라 하겠다.

영재를 위한 교수-학습과정 설계와 분석 틀로써의 활동이론

김종백(Kim Jong Baeg),조형정(Cho Hyung Jung) 한국영재교육학회 2007 영재와 영재교육 Vol.6 No.2

  Activity theory was accomplished from studies on the condition that learners" talent are developed through learning activity. From the theory, we can get implications on instruction-learning design as analyzing structure of learning activity based on activity theory. Especially, for developing innate potential of the gifted, educators must confirm and inquiry interaction between factors in associated with all activity. The same activity can be viewed differently according to subject"s various points of view and components of this activity system also have differences based on various factors. Therefore, in case of learning activities of the gifted, respective case might be special and important.<BR>  So when researchers and educators plan instructional design for the gifted, they have to realize and reflect that what instrumental medium can be advanced cognitive ability of the gifted and that is the core which instrument is most pertinent to which learning situation. Activity theory provides a viewpoint that learning or activity means combination of various social interactions and factors. Consequently, analysis and specific application on learning activity based activity theory need to be renewed discussion to gifted education as well as common education environment.   학습활동을 통해 형성되는 학습자의 재능은 자연적인 상황에서 주어지는 것이 아니라 활동을 통해서 상황에 따라 규정이 되는데 이와 같은 측면을 설명할 수 있는 영재교육의 틀이 필요하며 연구자들은 활동이론(activity theory)이 그러한 대안이 될 수 있는지 본 연구를 통해서 탐색하고자 하였다. 활동이론은 전통적인 개인주의적 관점에서 학습환경과 학습자를 구분하여 소외시키는 입장을 비판하고 학습활동을 보다 통합적인 관점에서 보고자 함으로써 구체적인 상황과 결부된 학습활동과 일반적인 교수-학습 설계에 시사점을 제공한다. 특히 고정된 능력의 관점에서 보는 영재성을 탈피하고 Vygotsky(1978)가 주장했듯이 잠재력을 계발하기 위해 특별한 교육을 필요로 하는 미래의 잠재 영재에 초점을 두고 교실수업 실천가들과 함께 개별 교육 상황들에게 작동되는 모든 활동관련 요인들 간의 상호작용들의 확인과 탐색을 유기적으로 관련짓도록 강조한다. 활동이론이 제시하는 통합적인 관점은 단순히 학습활동에 관심이 있는 것이 아니라 학습활동을 통해서 학생들이 대상물을 변형하고 그 변형된 대상물을 통해서 학습목표를 성취하는 것이다. 이러한 학습활동은 개별적 학습 상황속에서 도구의 매개를 필요로 하게 되는데 영재아들을 위해서 이러한 지식이 적용되는 개별 학습 상황의 체험적 지각과 물리적 혹은 정신적 도구의 활용 또한 고차원적인 사고기능을 발달시키는데 도움을 제공한다. 또한 거시적인 관점에서 활동이론은 영재 동료들 간의 상호작용 및 다른 전문가들간 네트워크의 중요성에 대해 언급하고 있고 이것은 학문적 학습공동체를 통해서 학습활동을 촉진하고 문제의식을 고양하고 창의적 문제해결력 증진에 기여하는 촉매역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 활동이론의 영재교육에 대한 이론적 시사점 및 제안점을 주로 수업적 관점에서 논의했다.

한국어 교재에 나타난 학습 활동의 현황과 변천 과정 연구

신현숙 국제한국어교육학회 2006 한국어 교육 Vol.17 No.3

There are many differences between the Korean Textbooks of the past and the most recent Korean Language Education materials. While communicative language teaching and the integrative approach constitute the main current, more recent texts emphasize learning activities which focus on the learner. In this study, and through the analysis of the Korean textbooks, learning activities are arranged into 4 basic categories. First, ‘exercises’-in which repeated practice (usually in the form of substitution drills) was used (usually referred to as the audio-lingual method) has been changed to ‘activity’. The substitution drill practice presented a relatively passive repetition activity that was weak in developing learner’s practical communication abilities. The need to use active and original ‘activities’ in the latest learning exercises focused on the learner. Second, the ‘after-learning activity’ was changed to ‘combined learning activity’. The latest learning activities are intensifying and practicing the ‘before/during/after’ aspects of the teaching-learning process. Third, current trends emphasize the four language skills- speaking․listening․reading․writing. Forth, changing the learning activity from ‘self-practice’ to a ‘reciprocal learning activity’ done in pairs or groups is appearing frequently promotes actual verbal interaction and therefore practical communication. On this basis, the purpose of the learning activity should be presented clearly, and the frame of the possible learning activity should be presented as a concrete process. Finally, and if the learning activity relates to cultural aspects of the language, it should attract the interest of the learners in order to create as memorable an activity as possible.

남녀 중 . 고등학교 학생의 신체활동과 비만

박현주 韓國學校保健學會 2010 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

Purpose: Adolescent obesity is a growing problem. This study examined the relationships between different types of physical activity and obesity in male and female middle and high school students. Methods: This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data of 2007. The study included 282 male and female middle and high school students who completed health survey questionnaires regarding physical activity. Physical activity was measured with vigorous and moderate activity and walking. BMI was used as an obesity indicator. Analyses were done using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and chi-square test. In addition, multiple logistic regression were conducted to investigate the relationship between physical activity and obesity when adjusting for covariates. SAS/WIN 9.1 was used. Results: Boys spent more days in vigorous and moderate physical activity than girls (p for vigorous activity: <.001, for moderate activity: <.001). There was no significant difference in walking activity between boys and girls and between middle and high school students. Only days spent in vigorous activity was significantly higher in middle school student compared with high school students (p=.013). According to the relationship between physical activity and obesity, moderate physical activity was significantly related to BMI for high school boys (p=.041). However, when adjusting for age, sex, school, parental income, daily caloric intake, physical activity was not significantly related to obesity. Conclusions: The results showed that male and female middle and high school students spent not enough days in doing low moderate and vigorous physical activity. Thus, this strengthens the need to increase physical activity level in these populations. In spite of non-significant relationship between physical activity and obesity from multivariate analysis, increasing moderate physical activity for high school boy could be effective to prevent and manage obesity, since significant difference between moderate activity and obesity in this population.

원저 : 한국 비만 및 과체중 여성에서 내장 지방과 신체 활동 사이의 연관성

조유정 ( Yu Jeong Cho ),이아라 ( A Ra Lee ),황미자 ( Mi Ja Hwang ),정원석 ( Won Suk Chung ),송미연 ( Mi Yeon Song ) 한방비만학회 2008 한방비만학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Objectives Physical activity is known to be beneficial to prevent weight gain and to be physically healthy. In this study, we tried to find out the relationship between body composition with physical activity. Methods International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)-short form was given to premenopausal women aged 20~55 and BMI≥23 kg/m2. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of the subjects by CT scanning was obtainedin a single slice. They were given written consent and this study is performed under the permission of institutional review board of Kyung Hee East-west Neo Medical Center. Results The mean of physical activity of total subjects was 1935.18 MET-min/week(n=63). When three groups of physical activity pattern(inactive, minimally active, and HEPA(Health-enhancing physical activity) active) was analyzed, all of them were heavily relied on the activity intensities of walking. The VSR(visceral/Subcutaneous adipose tissue Ratio) was correlated with total physical activity in vigorous activity group. Conclusions The physical activity of Korean obese and overweight women was on the average, but the vigorous activity is thought to be necessary. The vigorous physical activity was related with visceral adipose tissue.

Antioxidant Activity of Talinum portulacifolium (Forssk) Leaf Extracts

Thalapaneni Nageswara Rao,Chidambaram Kumarappan,Sabapathi Mohana Lakshmi,Subhash C Mandal 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.4

The aim of the study is to investigate the antioxidant activity through, reducing power, 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide radical (H2O2) scavenging activity and the amount of total phenolic compounds of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Talinum portulacifolium. Chloroform extract of leaves of T. portulacifolium showed highest antioxidant activity, with a direct relationship between activity and concentration of extracts (15 - 240 μg/mL). Among all the extracts, the highest amount of the total polyphenolic compounds was found in the chloroform extract. Chloroform extract of T. portulacifolium showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the DPPH, NO, Superoxide and H2O2 radicals, with IC50 values of 133.26, 165.75, 156.34 and 135.29 μg/mL, respectively. In the lipid peroxidation assay, extracts of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed a remarkable inhibitory activity. The extracts showed significant activity in all the experiments but lower than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The aim of the study is to investigate the antioxidant activity through, reducing power, 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide radical (H2O2) scavenging activity and the amount of total phenolic compounds of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Talinum portulacifolium. Chloroform extract of leaves of T. portulacifolium showed highest antioxidant activity, with a direct relationship between activity and concentration of extracts (15 - 240 μg/mL). Among all the extracts, the highest amount of the total polyphenolic compounds was found in the chloroform extract. Chloroform extract of T. portulacifolium showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards the DPPH, NO, Superoxide and H2O2 radicals, with IC50 values of 133.26, 165.75, 156.34 and 135.29 μg/mL, respectively. In the lipid peroxidation assay, extracts of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed a remarkable inhibitory activity. The extracts showed significant activity in all the experiments but lower than the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid.

체육수업 유무와 성별에 따른 고등학생의 일상생활 신체활동 수준과 특성 분석

이규일 ( Gyuil Lee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원 2023 체육과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 고등학교 남녀 학생의 신체활동 실태를 파악하고, 체육수업 유무와 성별에 따른 강도별 신체활동(좌식활동, 저강도 활동, MVPA) 특성을 파악하는 것이다. [방법] 자료 수집은 서울시 소재 4개 고등학교에 재학 중인 150명(남: 65명, 여: 85명)을 대상으로 이루어졌고, 신체활동은 3차원 가속도계를 활용해 일주일동안 측정되었다. 수집된 신체활동 자료를 강도별(좌식, 저강도, MVPA)로 분류 및 추출한 뒤, SPSS 25.0 통계 프로그램을 활용해 기술통계분석, 체육수업 유무와 성별에 따른 이원분산분석을 실시하였다(<.05). [결과] 기술통계분석 결과, 전체 학생의 신체활동 기준 달성율(일일 MVPA 60분 이상)은 31%(남: 40.7%, 여: 23.4%)로 나타났다. 이원분산분석 결과, 좌식활동, 저강도 활동, MVPA 모두에서 체육수업 유무와 성별에 따른 주효과와 상호작용 효과가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 상호작용 효과 분석 결과에 따르면, 체육수업 유무에 따른 신체활동 격차는 남학생에서 크게 나타났다. 남학생의 경우, 체육수업이 있는 날 저강도 활동과 MVPA가 크게 증가하였고, 좌식활동은 크게 감소하였던 반면, 여학생의 좌식활동과 신체활동 변화는 미비하게 나타났다. [결론] 국내 고등학생의 신체활동 수준은 상대적으로 저조하였으며, 체육수업의 일상생활 신체활동 효과는 남학생에게 한정되었다. 이에 따라, 고등학교 여학생의 체육수업을 통한 신체활동 효과를 높일 수 있는 정책적 방안이 고려되어야 한다. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the level and characteristics of physical activity (sedentary, light, and MVPA) of high school students according to physical education (PE) class (DWPE: days with PE class, DNPE: days with no PE class) and sex. METHODS Data were collected on 147 students (65 male and 82 female) from four high schools in Seoul city, and physical activity was measured using a three-dimensional accelerometer. The collected physical activity data were input into SPSS 25.0, and the descriptive analysis and two-way ANOVA according to PE class and sex were performed. RESULTS The descriptive statistical analysis showed that 31% (40.7% male and 23.4% female) of participants met the recommended physical activity durations (MVPA of 60 min/day). In the two-way ANOVA, sedentary activity, light activity, and MVPA showed statistically significant main and interaction effects according to PE class and sex. According to the results of the interaction effect analysis, the gap in physical activity between DWPE and DNPE was large in male students. For male students, light activity and MVPA significantly increased on the day of the PE class, and sedentary activity significantly decreased. However, for female students, DWPE and DNPE did not differ significantly in all levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the level of physical activity of Korean high school students was relatively low, and the effect of daily-life physical activity in the PE class was limited to male students. Accordingly, an alternative should be introduced to increase the physical activity of female high-school students through PE classes.

학교 밖 일상 체험활동의 청소년 교육적 의의에 관한 연구

이광호 한국청소년학회 2005 청소년학연구 Vol.12 No.1

In order to examine the educational significance of experiential activity that is currently being emphasized in educational reformations around the world, this research aims to find out how routine experiential activity experienced by young people outside the school affects self-identity, sociality, and development of social competence. The independent variable is the experiential activity which is experienced by the young every day outside the school. Specifically, it is divided into subordinate domains which are nature experiential activity, interchanging experiential activity, and routine experiential activity. The three dependent variables are self-identity, sociality, and social competence which are used to analyze the educational significance of experiential activity. The data used for the analysis was collected from elementary and junior high school students in Kyonggi Province. The sampling size was a total of 1,281 people that comprised of 668 from 4th to 6th grade of elementary school and 613 from 3 years of junior high school. The data was collected by the researcher by visiting the sample schools himself. The collected data was processed through SPSS Win12.0.1 for Windows to achieve descriptive, factor, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the research are as follows: First, routine experiential activity and nature experiential activity greatly affected each other while the mutual effect was shown less between nature experiential activity and interchanging experiential activity as well as between routine experiential activity and interchange experiential activity. Second, a young person's experiential activity had a significant effect on the young person's sociality. Specifically, day-to-day experiential activity had the biggest effect while interchanging experiential activity had a significant effect unlike nature experiential activity which had no significant effect on sociality. Third, experiential activity of young person had a weak but a significant effect on self-identity(=0.1). In detailed analysis, routine experiential activity showed a significant value of regression coefficient but neither nature nor interchanging experiential activity had any significant effect. Fourth, young people's experiential activity showed having significant effect on social competence. There were differences in the effect size but nature, interchanging, and routine experiential activities all significantly affected the criterion of social competence. Lastly, young people's experiential activity showed great effect on sociality and social competence while it had weak significant effect on self-identity. 본 연구는 최근 세계 각국의 교육개혁에서 강조되고 있는 청소년 체험활동의 교육적 의의를 알아보기 위해 청소년이 학교 밖에서 체험하는 일상적인 체험활동이 자아정체성, 사회성, 사회적 역량 발달에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 독립변인은 청소년이 학교 밖에서 일상적으로 경험하는 체험활동으로 이는 구체적으로 자연체험활동, 교류체험활동, 일상생활체험활동의 하위요인으로 구분된다. 종속변인은 체험활동의 교육적 의의를 분석하기 위해 자아정체성, 사회성, 사회적 역량 등 세 가지 변인을 활용하였다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 경기도에 소재한 초등학교와 중학교 학생을 대상으로 표집된 자료이며 표집규모는 초등학교 4-6학년생 668명, 중학교 1-3학년생 613명으로 총 1,281명을 대상으로 연구자가 직접 표집학교를 방문하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win.12.0.1 for Window를 이용하여 기술통계분석, 요인분석, 상관분석, 중다회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 일상생활체험활동과 자연체험활동 간에는 매우 큰 영향을 주고받고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 자연체험활동과 교류체험활동, 그리고 일상생활체험활동과 교류체험활동 간의 관계가 상대적으로 약한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년 체험활동은 청소년의 사회성에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하위 요인별로는 일상생활체험활동이 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있으며 교류체험활동도 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있는데 반해 자연체험활동은 사회성에 유의미한 영향을 못 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 청소년 체험활동이 자아정체성(=0.1)에 미약하지만 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하위 요인별로는 일상생활체험활동만이 유의미한 회귀계수 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났으나 자연체험활동과 교류체험활동은 자아정체성에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 청소년 체험활동은 사회적 역량에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 효과의 크기에 있어 차이는 있으나 자연체험활동과 교류체험활동, 일상생활체험활동이 모두 사회적 역량 척도에 유의미한 영향을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 청소년 체험활동은 사회성과 사회적 역량에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면 자아정체성에는 상대적으로 약한 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.