우슬이 뇌허혈 유발 모래쥐의 해마에서 신경세포 사멸과 단기기억력에 미치는 영향

윤현석 ( Hyun Seok Yoon ),송윤경 ( Yun Kyung Song ),임형호 ( Hyung Ho Lim ) 한방재활의학과학회 2011 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of Achyranthis Radix on short-term memory, apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus following transient global ischemia in gerbils. Methods: The gerbils were divided into 5 groups(n=10); Sham operation group, ischemia-induced group, ischemia-induced and 50 mg/kg Achyranthis Radix-treated group, ischemia-induced and 100 mg/kg Achyranthis Radix-treated group, ischemia-induced and 200 mg/kg Achyranthis Radix-treated group. For this study, a step-down avoidance task, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and BrdU(5-Bromo-2`-deoxyuridine), and western blotting for bax, bcl-2 were performed. Results: The results revealed that ischemic injury impaired short-term memory and increased apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1(cornu ammonis area 1) region. Ischemic injury enhanced cell proliferation in the hippocampal CA1 region, the compensatory and adaptive process for excessive apoptosis. Achyranthis Radix treatment improved short-term memory by suppressing ischemia-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region. Also, Achyranthis Radix suppressed the ischemia-induced increase in cell proliferation in the hippocampal CA1 region. Conclusions: We showed that Achyranthis Radix alleviates ischemia-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death, thus facilitates the recovery of short-term memory impairment induced by ischemic cerebral injury.

우슬(牛膝) 등 복합 추출물의 monosodium iodoacetate로 유발한 흰쥐 골관절염에 대한 효과

김명규 ( Myung-gyou Kim ),서일복 ( Il-bok Seo ),임강현 ( Kang-hyun Leem ),정태진 ( Taejin Jeong ),김진석 ( Jinseok Kim ) 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

Objectives : The present study was designed to determine the effects of mixture of Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, and Acanthopanacis Cortex on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis in rats. The mixture was composed of Achyranthis Japonicae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, and Acanthopanacis Cortex extracts. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of MIA into knee joints of rats. At the end of experiment, gross examination on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan (PG) contents in articular cartilages were analysed as well. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) contents in synovial fluids were measured by ELISA method and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) mRNA were measured by a realtime PCR. Results : The surfaces of the articular cartilage were observed. The severity of osteoarthritis in the treated group were alleviated compared with control group. PG contents in articular cartilages of the treated group were increased compared with control group. IL-1β contents in synovial fluids of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with control group. MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA contents in articular cartilages were significantly decreased compared with control group and TIMP1 mRNA contents were increased compared with control group. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we concluded that Achyranthis Japonicae Radix-containing mixture treatment has anti-arthritic effects on the MIA-induced osteoarthritis in rats. And the effects were related with the reduction of IL-1β in synovial membranes and the consequent reduction of MMP2 and MMP9 expressions.

우슬(牛膝)의 증숙(蒸熟)에 따른 항산화 효능 및 고지혈증 유발 흰쥐에 대한 고지혈증 개선 효능에 대한 연구

김정수 ( Jeong-soo Kim ),박명재 ( Myungjae Park ),김수지 ( Suji Kim ),신미래 ( Mi-rae Shin ),이아름 ( Ahreum Lee ),박해진 ( Hae-jin Park ),노성수 ( Seong-soo Roh ),서영배 ( Young Bae Seo ) 대한본초학회 2018 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.33 No.6

Objectives : This study was conducted to compare the effect of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix on antioxidant changes and antihyperlipidemics in hypercholesterolemic rats according to changes in the number of steams. Methods : The experimental animals were divided into six groups: normal (Nor), high cholesterol diet (Veh), high cholesterol diet with Simvastatin 5 ㎎/㎏ (Sim), high cholesterol diet with AR0 extract 200 ㎎/㎏ (AR0), high cholesterol diet with AR6 extract 200 ㎎/㎏ (AR6) and high cholesterol diet plus AR9 extract 200 ㎎/㎏ (AR9). I measured HDL, LDL TC, TG contents and ROS from each serums and compared them. I analyzed antioxidantrelated protein expressions and cholesterol-related protein expressions in each liver tissues. I also performed optical microscopic analysis through liver tissue staining. Results : The Antioxidant activity of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix was increased by steaming processes. In vivo, AR0 decreased liver weight in hyperlipidemic rats. LDL TC, TG, AI and CRF were decreased but HDL was increased in AR0. AST, ALT, creatinine, and BUN were decreased in AR0. ROS was decreased in AR0, AR6, and AR9. SOD, catalase and GPx were decreased by steaming processes. p-AMPK was decreased but SREBP-2, p-ACC, and HMGCR were increased by steaming processes. Histologic analysis showed that AR0 decreased liver fat accumulation. Conclusion : In conclusion, AR0 can be developed as a treatment for hyperlipemia. And it is required to research on antioxidant effect changes among different times steamed Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography used for Quality Control of Achyranthis Radix

Bing Tian Zhao,우미희,Su Yang Jeong,문동철,손건호,손종근 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.8

To establish a standard of quality control and to identify reliable Achyranthis Radix, three phytoecdysones including ecdysterone (1), 25R-inokosterone (2) and 25S-inokosterone (3) were determined by quantitative HPLC/UV analysis. Three phytoecdysones were separated with an YMC J’sphere ODS C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 4 μm) by isocratic elution using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (85:15, v/v%) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the UV detector wavelength was set at 245 nm. The standards were quantified by HPLC/UV from Achyranthes bidentata Blume and Achyranthes japonica Nakai, as well as Cyathula capitata Moq. and Cyathula officinalis Kuan, which are of a different genus but are comparative herbs. The method was successfully used in the analysis of Achyranthis Radix of different geographical origin or genera with relatively simple conditions and procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory for linearity, recovery, precision, accuracy, stability and robustness. The HPLC analytical method for pattern recognition analysis was validated by repeated analysis of eighteen A. bidentata Blume samples and ten A. japonica Nakai samples. The results indicate that the established HPLC/UV method is suitable for quantitation and pattern recognition analyses for quality evaluation of Achyranthis Radix.

牛膝 懷牛膝 및 川牛膝의 산화억제 효과 비교 연구

박재상 ( Jae Sang Park ),성낙술 ( Nak Sul Seong ),이영종 ( Young Jong Lee ) 대한본초학회 2007 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

우슬(牛膝)의 관절염(關節炎) 치료(治療) 효능(效能)에 관(關)한 서지학적(書誌學的) 고찰(考察)

박희수,신선호,장통영,Park, Hee-Soo,Shin, Sun-Ho,Chang, Tong-Young 대한한방내과학회 2000 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.21 No.5

According to herbalogical bibligraphy and literature, therapeutic effects of Achyranthis Radix on arthritis was as follows, 1. Achyranthis Radix of Amaranthaceae is divided into five species-Achyranthes japonica, A. bidentata, A. longifolia, A. fauriei, Cyathula capitata, C. officialis and the characteristic, taste, channel entry, effects and main treatments were alike. 2. Winefrying stood for repairing treatement method for Achyranthis Radix Before repairing treatment method, Achyranthis Radix had three tastes(bitter, sour, and sweet) and calm and not poisoning characteristic. After repairing treatment method, the bitter taste was disappeared, and calm and not poisoning characteristic was changed into warm characteristic. 3. Effects of Achyranthis Radix were quicking the blood and dispelling stasis, liver-kidney supplement and strengthening musculo-skeletal system. Main treatments were relief of lumbar and knee joint pain, static menstrural block and wind-cold- damp impediment. 4. Contraindication of Achyranthis Radix was sympthom caused by spleen-kidney yang vacuity, upper burner disease and lower burner hemorrhage etc. Being used in pregnant woman, it could incur abortion. 5. Contraindication of Achyranthis Radix was beef, milk and mutton. It's fear was Radix Cynanchi Stauntonii and Semen Plantaginis. It's aversion was the firefly. Herba Taraxaci, Carapax Amydae, Carapax Testudinis and Radix Cynanchi Stauntonii. From above results, I suppose Achyranthis Radix has enough herbalogical foundation and could be used to treat arthritis and it is necessary to make a profound study of it.

A Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Achyranthis Radix Extract

Choi, Hyun-Suk,Na, Myung-Sun,Lee, Myung-Yul Korean Society for Environmental Sanitary Engineer 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Using the ethanol extract, Achyranthis Radix, various chemical characteristics were investigated. The nutritional compositions of the Achyranthis Radix extract were as follows;moisture 42.3%, crude protein 101.1%, crude fat 2.07%, ash 8.94%, and carbohydrate 36.5%. Among the free sugars, the maximum lactose concentration in the Achyranthis Radix extract was obtained at 0.0526 mg% and fructose, maltose, arabinose, and glucose were followed: 0.3654 mg%, 0.1160 mg%, 0.0365 mg% and 0.027 mg%, respectively. The total amino acid concentration of the Achyranthis Radix extract was 8908.3 mg% and concentrations of lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and arginine were 989.1 mg%, 954.4 mg%, 841.4 mg% and 763.2 mg%, respectively. Among various long chain fatty acids, the maximum concentrations of palmitic acid and linoleic acid were obtained at 47.8% and 31.058%, respectively. However, in the case of organic acid, only the oxalic acid and malic acid were determined. The potassium concentration in the Achyranthis Radix extract was relatively high and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, Mn, and Zn were as follows: 275.3 mg%, 281.3 mg%, 119.4 mg%, 37.75 mg%, 10.43 mg% and 3.11 mg%, respectively. These results suggest that the Achyranthis Radix extract might have a possible positive effect for medical and edible purposes.

A Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Achyranthis Radix Extract

Hyun-Suk Choi,Myung-Sun Na,Myung-Yul Lee 대한환경위생공학회 2008 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Using the ethanol extract, Achyranthis Radix, various chemical characteristics were investigated. The nutritional compositions of the Achyranthis Radix extract were as follows:moisture 42.3%, crude protein 101.1%, crude fat 2.07%, ash 8.94%, and carbohydrate 36.5%. Among the free sugars, the maximum lactose concentration in the Achyrenthis Radix extract was obtained at 0.0526 ㎎% and fructose, maltose, arabinose, and glucose were followed: 0.3654 ㎎%, 0.1160 ㎎%, 0.0365 ㎎% and 0.027 ㎎%, respectively. The total amino acid concentration of the Achyrsnthis Radix extract was 8908.3 ㎎% and concentrations of lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and arginine were 989.1 ㎎%, 954.4 ㎎%, 841.4 ㎎% and 763.2 ㎎%, respectively. Among various long chain fatty acids, the maximum concentrations of palmitic acid and linoleic acid were obtained at 47.8% and 31.058%, respectively. However, in the case of organic acid, only the oxalic acid and malic acid were determined. The potassium concentration in the Achyranthis Radix extract was relatively high and the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, Mn, and Zn were as follows: 275.3 ㎎%, 281.3 ㎎%, 119.4 ㎎%, 37.75 ㎎%, 10.43 ㎎% and 3.11 ㎎%, respectively. These results suggest that the Achyranthis Radix extract might have a possible positive effect for medical and edible purposes.

Antioxidant properties of Achyranthis radix extract in rats

Hyun-Suk Choi,최두복,Mi-Jeong Lee,Myung-Sun Na,이명렬 한국공업화학회 2009 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.15 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activities of various fractions of Achyranthis radix extract using various solvents in vitro and antioxidant enzyme activities in vivo. Among the various fractions, when n-butanol was used as the extract solvent the DPPH radical scavenge rate was highest at 31.09 mg/ml. The thiobarbituric acid reaction value using n-butanol fraction was 0.33 at 532 nm after 6 days, representing a decrease of about 42% compared to control group. When the administered concentration of A. radix extract was 400 mg/kg/body weight/day, the xanthine oxidase activity in the liver was 19.5 mU/mg protein, representing a decrease of about 46% compared to the control group. The superoxide dismutase activity in the AR-E2 group was 89.4 Umol/(min mg protein), representing a decrease of about 40% compared to the control group. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased by about 24% and 58%, respectively, compared to the control group. When n-butanol fraction was used, the nitrite scavenging activity in various fractions at pH 1.2 was highest at 90.2%, an increase of about 90% compared to the control group. The results support the antioxidant potential of A. radix extract for various health supplements, pharmaceuticals, and mutraceuticals. 2009 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

양릉천(陽陵泉) 우슬(牛膝) 약침이 흰쥐의 고지혈증에 미치는 영향

최준수 ( Joon Soo Choi ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyung Yim ),이병렬 ( Byung Ryul Lee ),양기영 ( Gi Young Yang ),김재규 ( Jae Kue Kim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.3

Objective & Methods: The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of herbal- acupuncture with Achyranthis Radix(AR-HA) at GB34(Yangleungchean) on hyperlipidemia in rats. The author performed several experimental items to analyze the levels of various components and enzymes in serum and liver, as well as the histological changes of liver and aorta. Results: 1. Achyranthis Radix herbal acupuncture solution increased DPPH radical scavenging activity and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition rate in rat liver cells. 2. AR-HA at GB34 decreased the level of serum total cholesterol, and increased the ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol, phospholipid to total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rat. 3. AR-HA at GB34 decreased the hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity in hyperlipidemic rat. 4. AR-HA at GB34 increased the hepatic GSH level in hyperlipidemic rat. Conclusion: From the above results, it is suggested that AR-HA at GB34 has a therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia.